呼伦贝尔退化沙地植被-土壤碳氮磷互馈关系及微生物驱动机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0107

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 59-73.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0107 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0107

呼伦贝尔退化沙地植被-土壤碳氮磷互馈关系及微生物驱动机制

姚博¹^,², 陈云¹^,², 曹雯婕¹^,², 龚相文¹^,², 罗永清¹^,²^,⁴, 郑成卓¹^,², 王旭洋¹^,²^,⁴, 王正文²^,³^,⁵, 李玉强¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

¹中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室, 兰州 730000
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与保育重点实验室(中国科学院), 沈阳 110016
⁴中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站, 内蒙古通辽 028300
⁵中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所额尔古纳森林草原过渡带生态系统研究站, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2024-04-15 接受日期:2024-10-09 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-03-08
通讯作者: * (liyq@lzb.ac.cn)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020104)

Vegetation-soil interaction on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus and associated microbial driving mechanisms at Hulun Buir Sandy Land

YAO Bo¹^,², CHEN Yun¹^,², CAO Wen-Jie¹^,², GONG Xiang-Wen¹^,², LUO Yong-Qing¹^,²^,⁴, ZHENG Cheng-Zhuo¹^,², WANG Xu-Yang¹^,²^,⁴, WANG Zheng-Wen²^,³^,⁵, LI Yu-Qiang¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
⁴Naiman Desert Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao, Nei Mongol 028300, China
⁵Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2024-04-15 Accepted:2024-10-09 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-03-08
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA26020104)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植被-土壤系统间的养分互馈是维系陆地生态系统的结构稳定性和功能的关键环节。然而, 在沙地植被恢复演替过程中, 植被-土壤间的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)互馈关系及推动植物群落演替恢复的关键因子尚不清楚。该研究应用生态化学计量学理论, 从土壤微生物视角探讨沙地植被-土壤养分互馈关系并揭示沙地退化植被生态恢复的限制因子。选择呼伦贝尔沙地植物恢复过程的不同景观类型, 包括流动沙丘、半流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘和沙质草地为研究对象, 采用时空互代法, 探究沙地恢复过程中植被-土壤C、N、P化学计量协调平衡特征及关键驱动因素, 进一步将植被-土壤碳氮磷化学计量与土壤微生物群落结构进行关联分析, 揭示退化沙地植被恢复过程中土壤理化因素、植物群落特征和微生物群落对植被-土壤化学计量的驱动机制。结果表明: 1)随着退化沙地植被生态恢复, 土壤C含量、N含量、P含量、C:P和N:P均呈显著增加趋势; 相反, 植物地上活体和活根C、N、P化学计量未呈现明显的变化规律, 说明随着沙地植被恢复演替及环境条件的改善, 沙地植物群落仍具有保持养分含量及其化学计量平衡相对稳定的能力。2)土壤C:P (12.08-38.40)处于较低水平, 使得土壤P表现为净矿化, 微生物分解有机质过程中不受P的限制, 地上植物活体N:P均低于10, 说明呼伦贝尔沙地植被恢复生长主要受N限制。3)随沙地植被恢复, 土壤N:P不断增加表明土壤N供应逐渐增加, 而P供应逐渐减弱, P可能成为植被恢复后期的限制元素。4)呼伦贝尔沙地植被恢复过程中, 土壤化学计量和pH对植被化学计量存在直接的显著正效应, 土壤微生物群落结构通过影响土壤化学计量间接影响植被化学计量, 此外, 土壤含水率、土壤质地和电导率对土壤化学计量和植被化学计量的间接影响作用也不容忽视。该研究结果可为退化沙地生态系统恢复的适应性管理和预测提供理论依据。

关键词: 呼伦贝尔沙地, 沙漠化, 恢复演替, 生态化学计量, 土壤微生物

Abstract:

Aims Vegetation-soil nutrient interation is a key process in maintaining stability and multifunctionality of terrestrial ecosystems. However, vegetation-soil interaction on carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and the key drivers in promoting plant succession during sandy land restoration are still unclear. In this study, based on ecological stoichiometry theory, the vegetation-soil nutrient interaction in sandy land from the perspective of soil microorganisms was explored, and the limiting factors for ecological restoration of degraded vegetation in sandy land were also investigated.

Methods We selected different landscape types in Hulun Buir Sandy Land, including mobile dunes, semi-mobile dunes, semi-fixed dunes, fixed dunes, and sandy grassland. The space-for-time substitution approach was used to investigate the characteristics of the C, N, and P stochastic geometries of the vegetation-soil coordination equilibrium and the key drivers in the restoration processes. In addition, a correlation analysis between vegetation-soil stoichiometry and soil microbial communities was performed to reveal multiple driving mechanisms of soil physicochemical factors, plant communities, and soil microbial communities on plant-soil stoichiometry during plant restoration in degraded sandy areas.

Important findings 1) With vegetation restoration in degraded sandy land, soil C, N, and P contents, as well as the ratio of C:P and N:P showed significant increasing trends. Conversely, C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometry in living plants and roots did not show clear trends. These results suggest that sandy plant communities are still capable of maintaining their nutrient balance, and that their stoichiometric balance is relatively stable with environmental conditions recover and change. 2) Soil C:P (12.08-38.40) was at a low level, resulting in net soil P mineralization, and microbial decomposition of organic matter was not limited by P, and above-ground plant N:P was all lower than 10, indicating that the growth of vegetation in Hulun Buir Sandy Land was mainly limited by N. 3) Meanwhile, the soil N:P continued to increase, indicating that the supply of soil N gradually increased, while the supply of P gradually decreased, and P could be a limiting element in the later stages of vegetation restoration. 4) During vegetation restoration in the Hulun Buir Sandy Land, soil stoichiometry and pH had direct significant positive effects on plant stoichiometry, while soil microorganisms indirectly affected plant stoichiometry by regulating soil stoichiometry. In addition, the indirect effects of soil moisture, soil texture, and electrical conductivity on soil and plant stoichiometry should not be neglected. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for adaptive management and prediction of ecosystem restoration in degraded sandy soils.

Key words: Hulun Buir Sandy Land, desertification, recovery succession, ecological stoichiometry, soil microoganism

姚博, 陈云, 曹雯婕, 龚相文, 罗永清, 郑成卓, 王旭洋, 王正文, 李玉强. 呼伦贝尔退化沙地植被-土壤碳氮磷互馈关系及微生物驱动机制. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 59-73. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0107

YAO Bo, CHEN Yun, CAO Wen-Jie, GONG Xiang-Wen, LUO Yong-Qing, ZHENG Cheng-Zhuo, WANG Xu-Yang, WANG Zheng-Wen, LI Yu-Qiang. Vegetation-soil interaction on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus and associated microbial driving mechanisms at Hulun Buir Sandy Land. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(1): 59-73. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0107

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0107

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/59

图/表 10

图1 呼伦贝尔退化沙地研究区位置示意图。

Fig. 1 Location map of the study area of Hulun Buir degraded sandy land.

图2 呼伦贝尔沙地不同沙地类型植物多样性和生物量(平均值±标准误)。FD, 固定沙丘; MD, 流动沙丘; SFD, 半固定沙丘; SG, 沙质草地; SMD, 半流动沙丘。不同小写字母表示不同景观类型存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Plant diversity and biomass in different types of landscapes in Hulun Buir Sandy Land (mean ± SE). FD, fixed dunes; MD, mobile dunes; SFD, semi-fixed dunes; SG, sandy grassland; SMD, semi-mobile dunes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different landscape types (p < 0.05).

图3 呼伦贝尔沙地不同沙地类型植被碳氮磷化学计量(平均值±标准误)。FD, 固定沙丘; MD, 流动沙丘; SFD, 半固定沙丘; SG, 沙质草地; SMD, 半流动沙丘。不同小写字母表示不同景观类型存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Plant carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and stoichiometry of different sand types in Hulun Buir Sandy Land (mean ± SE). FD, fixed dunes; MD, mobile dunes; SFD, semi-fixed dunes; SG, sandy grassland; SMD, semi-mobile dunes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different landscape types (p < 0.05).

图4 呼伦贝尔沙地不同沙地类型土壤碳氮磷化学计量(平均值±标准误)。FD, 固定沙丘; MD, 流动沙丘; SFD, 半固定沙丘; SG, 沙质草地; SMD, 半流动沙丘。不同小写字母表示不同景观类型存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and stoichiometry of different sand types in Hulun Buir Sandy Land (mean ± SE). FD, fixed dunes; MD, mobile dunes; SFD, semi-fixed dunes; SG, sandy grassland; SMD, semi-mobile dunes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different landscape types (p < 0.05).

图5 呼伦贝尔沙地植物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量相关性热图。SOC、TN、TP表示土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量, PC、PN、PP表示地上植物活体碳氮磷含量, RC、RN、RP表示活根碳氮磷含量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 5 Correlation diagram of plant-soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and stoichiometry in Hulun Buir Sandy Land. SOC, TN and TP denote soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus content; PC, PN, and PP denote aboveground plant living carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content; and RC, RN, and RP denote living root carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图6 呼伦贝尔沙地植物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量与土壤细菌群落相关性热图。SOC、TN、TP表示土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量; PC、PN、PP表示地上植物活体碳氮磷含量; RC、RN、RP表示活根碳氮磷含量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 6 Correlation diagram of plant-soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and stoichiometry with soil bacterial community in Hulun Buir Sandy Land. SOC, TN and TP denote soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus content; PC, PN, and PP denote aboveground plant living carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content; and RC, RN, and RP denote living root carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图7 呼伦贝尔沙地植物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量与土壤真菌群落相关性热图。SOC、TN、TP表示土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量; PC、PN、PP表示地上植物活体碳氮磷含量; RC、RN、RP表示活根碳氮磷含量。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 7 Correlations diagram of plant-soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and stoichiometry with soil fungal community in Hulun Buir Sandy Land. SOC, TN and TP denote soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus content; PC, PN, and PP denote aboveground plant living carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content; and RC, RN, and RP denote living root carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图8 呼伦贝尔沙地土壤碳氮磷化学计量与土壤理化因素和植物群落特征的关系。2-0.05 mm表示土壤机械组成; Aboveground, 地上生物量; BD, 土壤密度; Belowground, 地下生物量; DF, 禾本科和莎草优势度; EC, 土壤电导率; FM, 土壤田间持水量; Pielou, 物种均匀度; SM, 土壤饱和含水量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TN, 土壤全氮含量; TP, 土壤全磷含量。

Fig. 8 Relationships between soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and soil physicochemical factors and plant community characteristics in Hulun Buir Sandy Land. 2-0.05 mm indicates soil mechanical composition; Aboveground, aboveground biomass; BD, soil density; Belowground, belowground biomass; DF, dominance by grasses and sedges; EC, soil conductivity; FM, soil field water holding capacity; Pielou, species evenness; SM, soil saturated moisture; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content.

图9 呼伦贝尔沙地植物碳氮磷化学计量与土壤理化因素和植物群落特征的关系。2-0.05 mm表示土壤机械组成; Aboveground, 地上生物量; BD, 土壤密度; Belowground, 地下生物量; DF, 禾本科和莎草优势度; EC, 土壤电导率; FM, 土壤田间持水量; Pielou, 物种均匀度; SM, 土壤饱和含水量 PC、PN、PP, 地上植物活体碳、氮、磷含量; RC、RN、RP, 活根碳、氮、磷含量。

Fig. 9 Relationship between plant carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and soil physicochemical factors and plant community characteristics in Hulun Buir Sandy Land. 2-0.05 mm indicates soil mechanical composition; aboveground, aboveground biomass; BD, soil density; belowground, belowground biomass; DF, dominance by forbs; EC, soil conductivity; FM, soil field water holding capacity; Pielou, species evenness; SM, soil saturated moisture; PC, PN, PP, aboveground plant living carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus content; RC, RN, RP, living root carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus content.

图10 呼伦贝尔沙地植被-土壤碳氮磷化学计量的驱动路径分析。土壤质地: 土壤机械组成0.25-0.1 mm、0.1-0.05 mm; 土壤含水率: 土壤田间持水量、土壤饱和含水量; 微生物群落结构: 真菌群落主成分分析的第一轴; 土壤化学计量, 土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、有机碳:全氮、有机碳:全磷; 植被生物量, 地上生物量、地下生物量、总生物量; 植被化学计量, 活体碳、活体氮、活体碳:氮、根系磷、根系碳:氮。*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001。GOF为评估模型拟合优度。

Fig. 10 Driving path analysis of vegetation-soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in Hulun Buir Sandy Land. Soil texture: soil mechanical composition 0.25-0.1 mm, 0.1-0.05 mm; soil moisture: soil field water holding capacity and saturated moisture; microbial community: first axis of fungal community principal component of analysis; soil stoichiometry: soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, soil organic carbon:total nitrogen, total nitrogen:total phosphorus; vegetation biomass: aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, total biomass; plant stoichiometry: aboveground plant living carbon content, aboveground plant living nitrogen content, aboveground plant living carbon:nitrogen, living root phosphorus content living root carbon:nitrogen. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001. The model fit is assessed using the GOF value.

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呼伦贝尔退化沙地植被-土壤碳氮磷互馈关系及微生物驱动机制

Vegetation-soil interaction on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus and associated microbial driving mechanisms at Hulun Buir Sandy Land

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