杉木叶和细根诱导的土壤有机碳分解激发效应及其对氮添加的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0256

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 1434-1444.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0256 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0256

所属专题：碳循环

杉木叶和细根诱导的土壤有机碳分解激发效应及其对氮添加的响应

王梁¹, 赵学超¹, 杨少博¹, 王清奎¹^,²^,^*()

¹安徽农业大学林学与园林学院安徽省林木资源培育重点实验室, 合肥 230036
²中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与管理重点实验室会同森林生态实验站, 沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2023-09-06 接受日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-04-09
通讯作者: *王清奎(qwang@iae.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32171752);国家自然科学基金(31830015);湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ30468)

Priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition induced by Cunninghamia lanceolate leaf litter and fine root and its response to nitrogen addition in subtropical forests

WANG Liang¹, ZHAO Xue-Chao¹, YANG Shao-Bo¹, WANG Qing-Kui¹^,²^,^*()

¹Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Resource and Silviculture, School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
²Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Received:2023-09-06 Accepted:2024-04-08 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-04-09
Contact: *WANG Qing-Kui (qwang@iae.ac.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171752);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830015);Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2022JJ30468)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

激发效应是指外源碳输入引起的土壤有机碳分解速率的短期变化, 是全球陆地生态系统碳循环的重要过程, 对全球土壤碳储量及其动态变化具有重要影响。凋落叶和细根作为森林土壤碳输入的主要途径, 调控土壤有机碳分解的激发效应, 而大气氮沉降引起的土壤氮有效性的增加也是影响激发效应的重要因素。然而, 凋落叶和细根的输入引起的激发效应的差异及它们对土壤氮有效性增加的响应机理尚不清楚。该研究将¹³C标记的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolate)叶覆盖在杉木人工林土壤表面, 细根则混合在土壤中, 以尽可能模拟它们在野外林地中的存在状态, 同时添加氮以增加土壤氮有效性, 通过室内模拟培养35天, 测定土壤释放CO₂的量及其¹³C丰度值, 并在培养结束时测定土壤养分和微生物群落结构。主要结果: 1)杉木叶促进了土壤有机碳分解, 即产生了正激发效应(1.69 mg C·kg^-1·d^-1), 而杉木细根则产生了负激发效应(-1.26 mg C·kg^-1·d^-1); 2)土壤氮有效性增加使杉木叶引起的正激发效应的强度降低了38.7%, 但使杉木细根引起的负激发效应的强度增加了16.6%; 3)添加杉木叶降低土壤真菌细菌比(22.9%), 添加杉木细根增加了真菌生物量(30.8%); 同时土壤氮有效性增加提高了真菌细菌比和真菌生物量。该研究发现了凋落叶和细根对激发效应的影响存在差别, 且土壤氮有效性增加降低了激发效应强度, 研究结果为氮沉降背景下森林土壤有机碳库的预测与管理提供理论支持。

关键词: 土壤有机碳分解, 激发效应, 氮沉降, 森林凋落物, 土壤微生物群落组成

Abstract:

Aims Priming effect (PE), as the change in the decomposition rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) caused by exogenous carbon (C) input, plays important roles in regulating the storage and dynamics of global SOC. Leaf litter and fine root are the main sources of SOC in forest ecosystems, which can significantly affect PE. In addition, increased soil nitrogen (N) availability caused by atmospheric N deposition also impacts PE. However, the differences between the PE induced by leaf litter and fine root differ and their response to increased soil N availability remain unclear.

Methods In this study, we conducted a 35-days incubation experiment by adding ¹³C-labelled leaf litter and fine root into Cunninghamia lanceolate soil. Leaf litter was covered on soil surface and fine root was mixed in the soils to simulate their natural field conditions. The amount and carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) value of soil CO₂ were measured during the experiment, and soil nutrient contents and microbial community composition were also measured after incubation.

Important findings 1) Leaf litter addition promoted the SOC decomposition, that is, leaf litter induced a positive PE, with the magnitude of 1.69 mg C·kg^-1·d^-1, while fine root addition induced a negative PE with the magnitude of -1.26 mg C·kg^-1·d^-1. 2) N addition reduced the magnitude of positive PE induced by leaf litter addition by 38.7%, while it increased the magnitude of negative PE induced by fine root addition by 16.6%. 3) Leaf litter addition reduced fungi bacteria ratio by 22.9%, while adding fine root increased the fungal biomass by 30.8%. Furthermore, N addition increased the fungal bacterial ratio and the fungal biomass. Our results demonstrated the differences in the PE induced by leaf litter and fine root addition, and provided theoretical support for the prediction and management of SOC in forests under the scenario of increasing atmospheric N deposition.

Key words: soil organic carbon decomposition, priming effect, nitrogen deposition, forest litter, soil microbial community composition

王梁, 赵学超, 杨少博, 王清奎. 杉木叶和细根诱导的土壤有机碳分解激发效应及其对氮添加的响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(11): 1434-1444. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0256

WANG Liang, ZHAO Xue-Chao, YANG Shao-Bo, WANG Qing-Kui. Priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition induced by Cunninghamia lanceolate leaf litter and fine root and its response to nitrogen addition in subtropical forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(11): 1434-1444. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0256

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0256

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I11/1434

图/表 7

表1 杉木叶和细根的13C丰度值和基本化学性质(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Chemical properties and carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of leaves and fine roots of Cunninghamia lanceolata at the end of 13C labeling (mean ± SE)

凋落物类型 Litter type	¹³C丰度 δ¹³C (‰)	碳含量 C (g·kg^-1)	氮含量 N (g·kg^-1)	C:N	木质素含量 Lignin (g·kg^-1)	木质素:氮 Lignin:N
叶 Leaf	-2.61 ± 0.90^a	469.1 ± 0.43^a	23.76 ± 0.18^a	19.75 ± 0.13^b	121.5 ± 0.11^b	5.15 ± 0.75^b
细根 Fine root	-16.41 ± 0.17^b	473.1 ± 9.38^a	12.95 ± 0.29^b	36.53 ± 0.16^a	135.4 ± 0.23^a	10.25 ± 0.12^a

表2 杉木人工林土壤培养后理化性质(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of incubate soil in Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	pH	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon (C) content (g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen (N) content (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C:N
CK	4.06 ± 0.03^a	15.74 ± 0.95^a	1.83 ± 0.22^a	8.65 ± 0.55^a
L	4.01 ± 0.05^a	15.37 ± 0.22^ab	1.89 ± 0.33^a	8.30 ± 1.43^a
R	4.07 ± 0.05^a	15.37 ± 0.30^ab	1.86 ± 0.31^a	8.39 ± 1.23^a
N	3.74 ± 0.06^b	14.73 ± 0.33^b	1.83 ± 0.25^a	8.14 ± 0.87^a
LN	3.77 ± 0.06^b	14.82 ± 0.10^ab	1.94 ± 0.23^a	7.73 ± 0.94^a
RN	3.81 ± 0.03^b	15.44 ± 0.84^ab	1.88 ± 0.22^a	8.28 ± 0.80^a

表3 凋落物类型和加氮对各来源CO2、激发效应、土壤胞外酶活性、微生物生物量和群落组成的影响(p值)

Table 3 Main effects (p) of litter type, nitrogen addition and their interactions on CO2 from various sources, priming effect, soil extracellular enzyme activities, microbial biomass and community composition

变量 Variable	凋落物 Litter	氮添加 Nitrogen addition	凋落物×氮添加 Litter × nitrogen addition
总CO₂ Total CO₂	<0.001	<0.001	0.030
凋落物源CO₂ Litter-derived CO₂	<0.001	<0.001	0.277
有机碳源CO₂ SOC-derived CO₂	<0.001	<0.001	0.627
激发效应 Priming effect	<0.001	<0.001	0.504
革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram-positive bacteria	<0.001	<0.001	0.011
革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram-negative bacteria	0.127	<0.001	0.630
放线菌 Actinomycetes	<0.001	0.001	0.552
真菌 Fungi (F)	<0.001	0.036	0.009
细菌 Bacteria (B)	<0.001	<0.001	0.453
真菌细菌比 F:B	<0.001	<0.001	0.247
总微生物生物量 Total PLFAs	<0.001	<0.001	0.162
β-1,4葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4 glucosidase	<0.001	<0.001	0.001
N-乙酰氨基肽酶 N-acetyl-glucosaminidase	<0.001	<0.001	0.913
纤维二糖苷酶 β-cellobiohydrolase	<0.001	<0.001	0.038
木聚糖酶 Xylanase	<0.001	<0.001	0.172

图1 凋落物和氮添加对杉木林土壤总CO2 (A)、凋落物源(B)和有机碳源CO2 (C)、激发效应(D)的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。CK, 对照组; L, 添加杉木叶; R, 添加杉木细根。不同小写字母表示不同凋落物添加处理间存在显著差异, 不同大写字母表示不同氮添加处理之间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of litter and nitrogen addition on total (A), litter- (B) and SOC-derived CO2 (C) and priming effect (D) in Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). CK, control; L, Cunninghamia lanceolate leaf litter addition; R, Cunninghamia lanceolate fine root addition. SOC, soil organic carbon. Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among different litter addition treatments (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition treatments (p < 0.05).

图2 凋落物和氮添加对杉木林土壤微生物生物量和群落组成的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。CK, 对照组; L, 添加杉木叶; R, 添加杉木细根。不同小写字母表示不同凋落物添加处理间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。不同大写字母表示不同氮添加处理之间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of litter and nitrogen addition on soil microbial biomass and community composition in Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). CK, control; L, Cunninghamia lanceolate leaf litter addition; R, Cunninghamia lanceolate fine root addition. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different litter addition treatments. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition treatments with and without nitrogen additions (p < 0.05). ACT, actinomycetes; B, bacteria; F, fungi; PLFAs, phospholipid fatty acids.

图3 凋落物和氮添加对杉木林土壤胞外酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。CK, 对照组; L, 添加杉木叶; R, 添加杉木细根。不同小写字母表示不同凋落物添加处理间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。不同大写字母表示不同氮添加处理之间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of litter and nitrogen (N) additions on soil extracellular enzyme activities in Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (mean ± SE, n = 3). CK, control; L, Cunninghamia lanceolate leaf litter addition; R, Cunninghamia lanceolate fine root addition. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different litter addition treatments. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different nitrogen addition treatments with and without N additions (p < 0.05).

图4 激发效应与真菌含量、细菌含量、真菌细菌比和纤维二糖苷酶活性的相关性分析。图中数据均为减去对照的变化量。

Fig. 4 Correlation analysis of priming effect with fungi (F) content, bacteria (B) content, F:B and β-cellobiohydrolase activity. Data in the figure are subtracted from the change in the control.

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杉木叶和细根诱导的土壤有机碳分解激发效应及其对氮添加的响应

Priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition induced by Cunninghamia lanceolate leaf litter and fine root and its response to nitrogen addition in subtropical forests

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