内蒙古荒漠草原土壤CH4和CO2通量在不同冻融 阶段对增温和氮添加的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0040

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 1291-1301.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0040 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0040

内蒙古荒漠草原土壤CH₄和CO₂通量在不同冻融阶段对增温和氮添加的响应

张学渊, 高翠萍, 汤靖磊, 朱毅, 田磊, 韩国栋, 任海燕^*()()

内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院, 草地资源教育部重点实验室, 内蒙古自治区草地管理与利用重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010011

收稿日期:2024-02-04 接受日期:2024-06-18 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-12-03
通讯作者: 任海燕
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302300);国家自然科学基金(32260301);内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划(NMGIRT2403);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0210)

Responses of soil CH₄ and CO₂ flux to warming and nitrogen addition during freeze-thaw cycles in a desert steppe of Nei Mongol, China

ZHANG Xue-Yuan, GAO Cui-Ping, TANG Jing-Lei, ZHU Yi, TIAN Lei, HAN Guo-Dong, REN Hai-Yan^*()()

Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010011, China

Received:2024-02-04 Accepted:2024-06-18 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-12-03
Contact: REN Hai-Yan
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1302300);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260301);Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NMGIRT2403);Local Science and Technology Development Fund Guided by the Central Government(2022ZY0210)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤CH₄和CO₂通量是全球碳循环的重要组成部分, 是缓解和适应气候变化的关键因素, 然而在不同冻融阶段土壤CH₄和CO₂通量如何响应气候变暖和氮沉降仍未清楚解析。该研究以内蒙古荒漠草原开展了18年的增温和氮沉降野外控制实验为基础, 使用SF-3500多通道全自动土壤气体通量测量控制系统, 在2021年5月至2022年4月不间断地监测了荒漠草原生态系统土壤CH₄和CO₂通量的变化。研究结果表明: (1)增温、增温+氮添加显著提高了土壤温度, 氮添加对土壤温度则没有显著影响; 各处理均未改变土壤含水量。(2)荒漠草原土壤CH₄全年累积吸收通量为344-471 mg C·m^-2。增温延长了秋季冻结期, 并对该时期土壤CH₄累积吸收通量的影响有增加趋势, 氮添加和增温+氮添加则趋向于降低土壤CH₄吸收通量; 冬季冻结期占全年土壤CH₄吸收通量的比例为8%, 处理间差异不显著; 春季解冻期对全年土壤CH₄吸收通量的贡献为14%, 氮添加、增温+氮添加显著降低了该时期土壤CH₄吸收通量。(3)荒漠草原CO₂全年累积排放通量为101-106 g C·m^-2; 秋季冻结期排放通量占全年土壤CO₂排放通量的比例为5%, 氮添加、增温、增温+氮添加均趋于增加土壤CO₂累积排放通量; 土壤CO₂通量在冬季冻结期有从排放转变为吸收的趋势; 增温、增温+氮添加在春季解冻期显著增加了土壤CO₂排放通量。(4)土壤CH₄吸收通量和CO₂排放通量与土壤温度和含水量呈显著正相关关系。研究结果揭示荒漠草原土壤CH₄通量表现为“碳汇”, 特别在非生长季的土壤CH₄累积吸收通量对全年的贡献达到41%; 土壤CO₂全年累积通量以排放为主, 非生长季占全年土壤CO₂通量的比例为9%。未来应同时考虑生长季和非生长季的碳通量格局, 以更精准地评估全球变化对陆地生态系统碳固持的影响。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 气候变暖, 氮沉降, 冻融循环, 土壤CH₄吸收, 土壤CO₂排放

Abstract:

Aims Soil CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes, as key components of global carbon cycle, have a central role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. However, how soil CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes respond to climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition during freeze-thaw cycles remain poorly understood.

Methods Here we investigated the effects of long-term (18 years) warming and N addition on soil CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes continuously during freeze-thaw cycles in a desert steppe of Nei Mongol used the SF-3500 multi-channel automatic soil gas flux measurement and control system from May 2021 to April 2022.

Important findings We found that warming, but not N addition, increased soil temperature. Warming and N addition did not change soil moisture. Annual cumulative CH₄ uptake flux ranged from 344 to 471 mg C·m^-2 in this desert steppe. Warming prolonged the duration of autumn freeze and increased soil cumulative CH₄ uptake flux, whereas N addition and warming plus N addition decreased CH₄ uptake during this period. On average, soil CH₄ uptake flux during the frozen winter period contributed to 8% of the annual total flux and no significant differences among different treatments. The contribution of soil CH₄ uptake during the spring thaw to annual total flux was 14%, and did not be changed by the warming and N addition treatments. Annual cumulative CO₂emission flux ranged from 101 to 106 g C·m^-2 in this desert steppe. Soil CO₂ emission flux during the autumn freeze period contributed most to non-growing season flux, and it tended to increase with warming and N addition. In particular, soil CO₂ flux shifted from emission to absorption during the frozen winter period. Both warming and warming plus N addition significantly increased CO₂ emission flux during the spring thaw. Overall, soil CO₂ flux during the non-growing season contributed to 9% of the annual total CO₂flux. Soil CH₄ absorption and soil CO₂emission were significantly correlated with soil temperature and moisture. Our results indicate that the desert steppe ecosystem acted as CH₄ uptake and CO₂ emission throughout the whole year, which help to understand the response, strength and direction of carbon source-sink under global change scenarios.

Key words: desert grassland, climate warming, nitrogen deposition, freeze-thaw circles, soil CH₄ uptake, soil CO₂ emission

张学渊, 高翠萍, 汤靖磊, 朱毅, 田磊, 韩国栋, 任海燕. 内蒙古荒漠草原土壤CH₄和CO₂通量在不同冻融阶段对增温和氮添加的响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(10): 1291-1301. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0040

ZHANG Xue-Yuan, GAO Cui-Ping, TANG Jing-Lei, ZHU Yi, TIAN Lei, HAN Guo-Dong, REN Hai-Yan. Responses of soil CH₄ and CO₂ flux to warming and nitrogen addition during freeze-thaw cycles in a desert steppe of Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(10): 1291-1301. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0040

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0040

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I10/1291

图/表 6

图1 土壤不同冻融阶段对应的平均气温、降水量、土壤温度和含水量。A, 平均气温和降水量。B, 0-10 cm深度的土壤温度。C, 0-10 cm深度的土壤含水量。D, 不同处理下的土壤冻融阶段。黑色垂直线区分生长季(Gs)和非生长季节(Ngs), 灰色垂直虚线之间的区域是冬季冻结期(Sfw), 黑色垂直虚线之间的区域是秋季冻结期(Saf); Sst, 春季解冻期。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; W, 增温; W+N, 增温+氮添加。Freezing, 秋-冬季冻结; Frozen, 冬季冻结; Thawed, 融化; Thawing, 冬-春季解冻。

Fig. 1 Mean air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and moisture corresponding to different freeze-thaw stages of soil. A, Mean air temperature and precipitation. B, Soil temperature at 0-10 cm depth. C, Soil moisture at 0-10 cm depth. D, Soil freeze-thaw stage of different treatments. The black vertical line distinguishes between growing season (Gs) and non-growing season (Ngs), and the area between the black vertical dotted lines are the frozen winter (Sfw), area between the gray vertical dotted lines are the autumn freezing (Saf); Sst, spring thaw. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; W+N, warming + nitrogen addition. Freezing, autumn-winter freezing; Frozen, frozen in winter; Thawed, growing season thawed; Thawing, winter-spring thawing.

图2 不同处理下土壤CH4全年和季节性累积吸收通量以及季节性吸收通量对全年通量的相对贡献。A, 土壤CH4累积吸收通量(平均值±标准误)。B, 土壤CH4季节性吸收通量对年吸收通量的相对贡献。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; W, 增温; W+N, 增温+氮添加。Gs、Saf、Sfw和Sst分别指生长季、秋季冻结期、冬季冻结期和春季解冻期。不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 2 Annual and seasonal cumulative CH4 uptake and the relative contribution of seasonal CH4 uptake to annual CH4 uptake under different treatments. A, Cumulative CH4 uptake (mean ± SE). B, Relative contribution of seasonal CH4 uptake to annual CH4 uptake under different treatments. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; W+N, warming + nitrogen addition. GS, Saf, Sfw, and Sst refer to growing season, autumn freeze, frozen winter, and spring thaw, respectively, which are defined according to the different soil freeze-thaw stages of the control. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

表1 增温、氮添加、不同时期及其交互作用对土壤CH4和CO2通量影响的线性混合效应模型分析

Table 1 Linear mixed effects modeling analysis for the effects of warming (W), nitrogen addition (N), period (P), and their interactions on soil CH4 uptake flux and CO2 emission flux

处理 Treatment	CH₄吸收通量 CH₄ uptake flux
处理 Treatment	F	p	F	p
增温 W	0.034	0.858	0.006	0.943
氮添加 N	0.571	0.472	0.003	0.960
时期 P	175.339	<0.000 1	105.211	<0.000 1
增温×氮添加 W × N	0.481	0.508	0.021	0.889
增温×时期 W × P	0.010	0.921	2.433	0.119
氮添加×时期 N × P	6.676	0.010	1.994	0.158
增温×氮添加×时期 W × N × P	0.882	0.348	0.128	0.720

图3 不同处理下土壤CO2全年和季节性累积通量以及季节性通量对全年通量的相对贡献。A, 土壤CO2累积通量(平均值±标准误)。B, 土壤CO2季节性通量对全年通量的相对贡献。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; W, 增温; W+N, 增温+氮添加。Gs、Saf、Sfw和Sst分别指生长季、秋季冻结期、冬季冻结期和春季解冻期。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Annual and seasonal cumulative CO2 flux and the relative contribution of seasonal CO2 flux to annual CO2 flux under different treatments. A, Cumulative CO2 flux (mean ± SE). B, Relative contribution of seasonal CO2 flux to annual CO2 flux under different treatments. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; W+N, warming + nitrogen addition. GS, Saf, Sfw, and Sst refer to growing season, autumn freeze, frozen winter, and spring thaw, respectively, which are defined according to the different soil freeze-thaw stages of the control. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference among treatments (p < 0.05). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

表2 增温和氮添加对土壤理化性质的影响(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil physical and chemical properties (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	对照 Control	氮添加 Nitrogen addition	增温 Warming	增温+氮添加 Warming + nitrogen addition
ST (℃)	6.24 ± 2.02^b	6.28 ± 2.03^b	7.89 ± 2.03^a	7.91 ± 2.05^a
SM (%)	5.33 ± 0.57^a	5.93 ± 0.72^a	7.27 ± 0.72^a	6.38 ± 0.72^a

图4 土壤CH4和CO2通量与土壤温度和含水量的线性拟合。实线为线性回归拟合线, 灰色阴影表示95%置信区间。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; W, 增温; W+N, 增温+氮添加。***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 4 Linear fitting of annual CH4 uptake flux with soil temperature and soil moisture. Solid lines are fitted by linear regression, and the gray shadow represents the 95% confidence interval. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; W+N, warming + nitrogen addition. ***, p < 0.001.

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内蒙古荒漠草原土壤CH₄和CO₂通量在不同冻融阶段对增温和氮添加的响应

Responses of soil CH₄ and CO₂ flux to warming and nitrogen addition during freeze-thaw cycles in a desert steppe of Nei Mongol, China

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