太白山红桦种群结构与空间分析

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示太白山红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)种群的维持机制, 结合径级结构、静态生命表和存活曲线, 对太白山红桦种群结构进行了研究; 并应用单变量、双变量K函数对不同径级立木与残干的空间格局、空间关联性进行了多尺度分析。研究显示, 太白山红桦种群在幼苗幼树阶段死亡率较高, 进入中龄期后死亡率有所降低, 随着年龄增长, 死亡率逐渐增加, 直至年龄极限。其存活曲线基本接近Deevey I型(曲线凸型)。其个体死亡方式主要为掘根和折干(由大雪所致), 能够为种群更新提供潜在空间。除海拔2 250 m立木整体格局呈集群分布外, 该地区红桦立木与残干在不同尺度下的整体格局均为随机分布。不同发育阶段的个体均呈集群分布, 表现为斑块状同龄群。在红桦更新所需的最适林窗大小尺度上, 红桦立木与残干的空间关联性为显著正相关。以上结果表明: 太白山红桦种群具有同龄集群生长的特性, 种群由时空上不连续的局部斑块同龄个体组成, 其更新有赖于以掘根及折干方式死亡个体所形成的林窗斑块, 这种以局部林窗斑块更新维持种群整体稳定的特性, 可能是其长期稳定存在的重要机制。

关键词: 空间格局, 点格局分析, 年龄结构, 更新, 种群, 红桦

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to understand the population structure, spatial pattern and recruitment mechanism of Betula albo-sinensisforest at Taibai Mountain, northwestern China.

Methods Using data collected from 0.75 hm² plots, we determined the life table, age structure and survivorship curve of the B. albo-sinensis population. Univariate and bivariate Ripley’sK functions were employed to determine spatial distribution of standing trees and snags in different age classes and correlate standing trees and snags.

Important findings The B. albo-sinensis population had high mortality of seedlings and saplings, stable growth of adult trees and then gradually increased mortality. The survivorship curve of B. albo-sinensis population matched Deevey Type I. Snags mostly developed by uprooting and snapping, producing disturbed microsites that recruitment probably relied on. Standing trees and snags were clustered by each age class but randomly distributed when all classes were combined. Standing trees above a given size formed snags in pulses at a scale that was also the optimum canopy gap size for establishing. Population dynamics are related to spatial pattern and provide a measure of ecological significance between population structure and spatial patterns. As a sun-loving species,B. albo-sinensis requires disturbed microsites (e.g., sites of uprooting and snapping) and canopy openings for regeneration in the forest. Patterns in the distribution of standing trees appear to persist and were consistent with highly aggregated patterns of snags caused by natural disturbances across the stand. Findings suggest that cohorts of the B. albo-sinensis population at Taibai Mountain are spatially clumped and the aggregation of different cohorts represents pulsed recruitment that might be capable of maintaining population stability.

Key words: spatial pattern, point pattern analysis, age structure, canopy gap, recruitment, snags, population, Betula albo-sinensis

林玥, 任坚毅, 岳明. 太白山红桦种群结构与空间分析. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(6): 1335-1345. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.014

LIN Yue, REN Jian-Yi, YUE Ming. POPULATION STRUCTURE AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF BETULA ALBO- SINENSIS AT TAIBAI MOUNTAIN, NORTHWESTERN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(6): 1335-1345. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.014

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.06.014

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I6/1335

图/表 7

图1 太白山红桦林各乔木种径级分布

Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of tree size (diameter at breast height, DBH) by species in Betula albo-sinensis forest at Taibai Mountain

表1 太白山红桦种群静态生命表

Table 1 Life table of Betula albo-sinensis population at Mountain Taibai

径级 x	存活数 N_x	存活数标准化 L_x	lg L_x	死亡数 D_x	死亡率 Q_x	自x径级起超过x径级活个体总数 T	生命期望 E_x
I	1	0.5	-0.301	1	1.000	123.5	123.500
II	0	0.5	-0.301	-	-	123	-
III	1	7.5	0.875	-	-	122.5	122.500
IV	14	21	1.322	-	-	115	8.214
V	28	25	1.398	6	0.214	94	3.357
VI	22	21.5	1.332	1	0.045	69	3.136
VII	21	19.5	1.290	3	0.143	47.5	2.262
VIII	18	15	1.176	6	0.333	28	1.556
IX	12	8.5	0.929	7	0.583	13	1.083
X	5	3	0.477	4	0.800	4.5	0.900
XI	1	0.5	-0.301	1	1.000	1.5	1.500
XII	0	0.5	-0.301	-	-	1	-
XIII	1	0.5	-0.301	1	1.000	0.5	0.500

图2 太白山红桦种群立木(A)及残干(B)径级分布

Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of standing trees (A) and snags (B) of Betula albo-sinensis at each class of diameter at breast height (DBH)

图3 太白山红桦种群存活曲线 Lx: 存活数标准化 Standard survival DBH: Diameter at breast height

Fig. 3 Survival curve of Betula albo-sinensis population at Taibai Mountain

图4 太白山红桦种群各径级树高分布 ◆: 平均值 Mean value of tree height 箱上下界表示标准差 Lower and upper bounds of the boxplot represent SD 须上下界表示最大最小值 Box whiskers identify the extremum values

Fig. 4 Tree height distribution of Betula albo-sinensis population at each class of diameter at breast height (DBH)

图5 太白山红桦种群各阶段立木(a)及残干(b)格局分析 2: DBH III’IV 3: DBH V’VII 4: DBH VIII’XIII A: 所有立木 Total of standing tree ranks B: 所有残干 Total of snag ranks —: L(d)值 The numerical value of square root transformation of univariate Ripley’s K function - - -: 上下包迹线 Upper and lower envelops

Fig. 5 Spatial pattern analysis for standing trees (a) and snags (b) of different ranks located in two altitudes (2 250 and 2 500 m)

图6 太白山红桦种群立木与残干空间关联分析 —: L12(d)值 The numerical value of square root transformation of bivariate Ripley’s K function - - -: 上下包迹线 Upper and lower envelops

Fig. 6 Associations of standing trees and snags of Betula albo-sinensis population at Mountain Taibai

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