植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 926-935.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.012
收稿日期:
2008-04-08
修回日期:
2009-05-15
出版日期:
2009-04-08
发布日期:
2009-09-30
通讯作者:
邓馨
作者简介:
*(deng@ibcas.ac.cn)基金资助:
JI Fei-Teng1, LI Nan2, DENG Xin1,*()
Received:
2008-04-08
Revised:
2009-05-15
Online:
2009-04-08
Published:
2009-09-30
Contact:
DENG Xin
摘要:
喀斯特地区土壤的高钙含量是影响该地区植物生理特征的最重要环境因素之一。高钙影响植物的光合作用、生长速率及磷代谢, 从而限制了许多物种在该地区的分布。选取贵州4个石漠化程度不同的地区, 测定采集地内45种优势种或常见种的地上部分和地下部分的全钙含量以及土壤的交换性钙含量。通过分析喀斯特地区植物与土壤钙含量的特征发现: 喀斯特地区植物具有较高的钙含量平均值; 土壤交换性钙含量对植物地上部分钙含量的影响总体上不显著, 对植物地下部分钙含量的影响显著; 不同类别植物的钙含量存在显著差异, 蕨类植物地上部分钙含量平均值明显低于被子植物; 不同类别植物钙的分布部位也存在显著差异, 在蕨类植物和单子叶植物中地上部分和地下部分的钙含量相近, 而双子叶植物的地上部分钙含量明显高于地下部分。分析了喀斯特地区14种优势灌木和草本植物地上部分与地下部分钙含量的差异性以及与土壤交换性钙含量的相关关系, 以此为根据将14种优势植物对土壤高钙的适应方式分为3种类型: 随遇型、高钙型和低钙型。随遇型植物的钙含量主要受土壤交换性钙含量影响, 其地上部分和地下部分的钙含量均与土壤交换性钙含量成显著正相关关系; 高钙型植物具有较强的钙富集能力, 其地上部分即使在低钙含量的土壤中也可维持较高的钙含量; 低钙型植物的地上部分即使在高钙含量的土壤中亦可维持较低的钙含量。对植物适应钙的不同方式的研究可用于筛选退化生态系统恢复所需的植物资源。
姬飞腾, 李楠, 邓馨. 喀斯特地区植物钙含量特征与高钙适应方式分析. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(5): 926-935. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.012
JI Fei-Teng, LI Nan, DENG Xin. CALCIUM CONTENTS AND HIGH CALCIUM ADAPTATION OF PLANTS IN KARST AREAS OF CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(5): 926-935. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.012
地点 Site | 采集植物种类数 No. of species | 植物地上部分全钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground parts (%) | 植物地下部分全钙含量 Calcium content in underground parts (%) | 土壤交换性钙含量 Exchangeable calcium content in soil (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
普定 Puding 26°14.726′ N, 105°45.507′ E | 27 | 2.271±1.069a | 1.837±0.991a | 4 374.67±624.40a |
花江 Huajiang 25°41.633′ N, 105°36.746′ E | 29 | 1.832±0.971a | 1.552±0.893a | 3 796.80±531.77b |
荔波 Libo 25°26.223′ N, 108°7.117′ E | 16 | 1.706±1.129a | 1.252±0.996ab | 3 284.57±910.27c |
罗甸 Luodian 25°25.441′ N, 106°50.276′ E | 17 | 1.683±1.063a | 0.827±0.471b | 2 533.64±800.09d |
平均 Mean | 1.909±1.059 | 1.432± 0.928 | 3 612.43±961.00 |
表1 4个采集地植物钙含量和土壤交换性钙含量(平均值±标准误)
Table 1 Calcium contents in plant and soil from 4 sampling sites (mean±SE)
地点 Site | 采集植物种类数 No. of species | 植物地上部分全钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground parts (%) | 植物地下部分全钙含量 Calcium content in underground parts (%) | 土壤交换性钙含量 Exchangeable calcium content in soil (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
普定 Puding 26°14.726′ N, 105°45.507′ E | 27 | 2.271±1.069a | 1.837±0.991a | 4 374.67±624.40a |
花江 Huajiang 25°41.633′ N, 105°36.746′ E | 29 | 1.832±0.971a | 1.552±0.893a | 3 796.80±531.77b |
荔波 Libo 25°26.223′ N, 108°7.117′ E | 16 | 1.706±1.129a | 1.252±0.996ab | 3 284.57±910.27c |
罗甸 Luodian 25°25.441′ N, 106°50.276′ E | 17 | 1.683±1.063a | 0.827±0.471b | 2 533.64±800.09d |
平均 Mean | 1.909±1.059 | 1.432± 0.928 | 3 612.43±961.00 |
图1 不同类别植物地上部分和地下部分钙含量 相同的字母表示没有显著差异(p>0.05) Values with same letters were not significantly different (p>0.05)
Fig. 1 Calcium contents in aboveground and underground parts of plants in different plant class
图2 4个采集地不同类别植物的地上部分和地下部分钙含量相同的字母表示没有显著差异(p>0.05) Values with same letters were not significantly different (p>0.05)
Fig. 2 Calcium contents in aboveground and underground parts of plants in different plant class from four sampling sites
植物 Species | n | 植物地上部分钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground part | 植被地下部分钙含量 Calcium content in underground part | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
范围 Range (%) | 平均值±标准误差 Means±SE (%) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 范围 Range (%) | 平均值±标准误差Means±SE (%) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | |||
蜈蚣草 Pteris vittata | 10 | 0.346~1.087 | 0.656±0.246 | 0.288 90 | 0.200~3.215 | 1.119±1.138 | 0.466 77 | |
金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera | 11 | 0.872~1.575 | 1.154±0.177 | -0.237 25 | 0.651~1.341 | 0.915±0.177 | 0.614 80* | |
凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica var. nervossa | 11 | 0.575~1.656 | 1.087±0.415 | 0.627 39* | 0.318~1.962 | 1.114±0.492 | 0.800 31** | |
肾蕨 Nephrolepis auriculata | 8 | 1.066~2.317 | 1.653±0.416 | 0.566 67 | 0.322~2.001 | 0.898±0.667 | 0.627 42 | |
井栏边草 Pteris multifida | 9 | 0.307~2.634 | 1.294±0.925 | 0.945 22** | 0.547~5.844 | 2.098±1.974 | 0.907 29** | |
江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii | 6 | 0.499~0.907 | 0.748±0.178 | -0.559 22 | 0.524~0.787 | 0.703±0.110 | 0.009 78 | |
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei | 9 | 0.567~1.783 | 1.133±0.374 | 0.634 24 | 0.664~3.288 | 1.669±0.872 | 0.241 59 | |
丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum | 9 | 0.567~1.490 | 0.789±0.291 | 0.340 93 | 0.322~4.802 | 2.116±1.744 | 0.546 31 | |
苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala | 8 | 1.329~3.214 | 2.304±0.669 | -0.197 31 | 0.143~1.585 | 0.727±0.500 | 0.790 64* | |
地瓜 Ficus tikoua | 11 | 0.102~3.04 | 1.869±0.940 | 0.915 62** | 0.082~1.645 | 0.998±0.507 | 0.932 01** | |
乌蔹莓 Cayratia japonica | 12 | 2.024~5.277 | 3.712±1.069 | -0.477 41 | 1.229~4.297 | 2.376±0.951 | 0.244 07 | |
田麻 Corchoropsis tomentosa | 9 | 1.791~2.990 | 2.255±0.406 | -0.743 73* | 0.513~1.508 | 0.991±0.350 | -0.241 37 | |
薜荔 Ficus pumila | 7 | 2.074~3.658 | 2.777±0.628 | -0.716 05* | 1.262~3.139 | 2.368±0.644 | -0.588 77 | |
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata | 8 | 0.862~5.884 | 2.354±1.835 | 0.831 04* | 0.299~3.818 | 1.285±1.271 | 0.849 55** |
表2 采集地14种优势灌木、草本植物地上部分、地下部分钙含量及其与土壤交换性钙含量间的相关系数
Table 2 Calcium contents in aboveground part and underground part from 14 dominant shrub and grass and correlation coefficient between calcium content in plants and exchangeable calcium content in soil
植物 Species | n | 植物地上部分钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground part | 植被地下部分钙含量 Calcium content in underground part | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
范围 Range (%) | 平均值±标准误差 Means±SE (%) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | 范围 Range (%) | 平均值±标准误差Means±SE (%) | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient | |||
蜈蚣草 Pteris vittata | 10 | 0.346~1.087 | 0.656±0.246 | 0.288 90 | 0.200~3.215 | 1.119±1.138 | 0.466 77 | |
金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera | 11 | 0.872~1.575 | 1.154±0.177 | -0.237 25 | 0.651~1.341 | 0.915±0.177 | 0.614 80* | |
凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica var. nervossa | 11 | 0.575~1.656 | 1.087±0.415 | 0.627 39* | 0.318~1.962 | 1.114±0.492 | 0.800 31** | |
肾蕨 Nephrolepis auriculata | 8 | 1.066~2.317 | 1.653±0.416 | 0.566 67 | 0.322~2.001 | 0.898±0.667 | 0.627 42 | |
井栏边草 Pteris multifida | 9 | 0.307~2.634 | 1.294±0.925 | 0.945 22** | 0.547~5.844 | 2.098±1.974 | 0.907 29** | |
江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii | 6 | 0.499~0.907 | 0.748±0.178 | -0.559 22 | 0.524~0.787 | 0.703±0.110 | 0.009 78 | |
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei | 9 | 0.567~1.783 | 1.133±0.374 | 0.634 24 | 0.664~3.288 | 1.669±0.872 | 0.241 59 | |
丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum | 9 | 0.567~1.490 | 0.789±0.291 | 0.340 93 | 0.322~4.802 | 2.116±1.744 | 0.546 31 | |
苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala | 8 | 1.329~3.214 | 2.304±0.669 | -0.197 31 | 0.143~1.585 | 0.727±0.500 | 0.790 64* | |
地瓜 Ficus tikoua | 11 | 0.102~3.04 | 1.869±0.940 | 0.915 62** | 0.082~1.645 | 0.998±0.507 | 0.932 01** | |
乌蔹莓 Cayratia japonica | 12 | 2.024~5.277 | 3.712±1.069 | -0.477 41 | 1.229~4.297 | 2.376±0.951 | 0.244 07 | |
田麻 Corchoropsis tomentosa | 9 | 1.791~2.990 | 2.255±0.406 | -0.743 73* | 0.513~1.508 | 0.991±0.350 | -0.241 37 | |
薜荔 Ficus pumila | 7 | 2.074~3.658 | 2.777±0.628 | -0.716 05* | 1.262~3.139 | 2.368±0.644 | -0.588 77 | |
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata | 8 | 0.862~5.884 | 2.354±1.835 | 0.831 04* | 0.299~3.818 | 1.285±1.271 | 0.849 55** |
植物 Species | 地上部分钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground part (%) | 地下部分钙含量 Calcium content in underground part (%) |
---|---|---|
乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica | 3.712a | 2.376a |
薜荔Ficus pumila | 2.777ab | 2.368a |
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata | 2.354bc | 1.285ab |
苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 2.304bc | 0.727b |
田麻Corchoropsis tomentosa | 2.255bc | 0.991ab |
地瓜Ficus tikoua | 1.869bc | 0.998ab |
肾蕨Nephrolepis auriculata | 1.653cde | 0.898b |
井栏边草 Pteris multifida | 1.294cde | 2.098ab |
金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera | 1.154de | 0.915b |
贯众Cyrtomium fortunei | 1.133de | 1.669ab |
凤尾蕨Pteris cretica var. nervossa | 1.087de | 1.114ab |
丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum | 0.789de | 2.116ab |
江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii | 0.748e | 0.703b |
蜈蚣草Pteris vittata | 0.656e | 1.119ab |
表3 14种植物地上部分和地下部分钙含量多重比较结果
Table 3 Multiple comparisions among calcium content in aboveground part and underground part from 14 species
植物 Species | 地上部分钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground part (%) | 地下部分钙含量 Calcium content in underground part (%) |
---|---|---|
乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica | 3.712a | 2.376a |
薜荔Ficus pumila | 2.777ab | 2.368a |
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata | 2.354bc | 1.285ab |
苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 2.304bc | 0.727b |
田麻Corchoropsis tomentosa | 2.255bc | 0.991ab |
地瓜Ficus tikoua | 1.869bc | 0.998ab |
肾蕨Nephrolepis auriculata | 1.653cde | 0.898b |
井栏边草 Pteris multifida | 1.294cde | 2.098ab |
金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera | 1.154de | 0.915b |
贯众Cyrtomium fortunei | 1.133de | 1.669ab |
凤尾蕨Pteris cretica var. nervossa | 1.087de | 1.114ab |
丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum | 0.789de | 2.116ab |
江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii | 0.748e | 0.703b |
蜈蚣草Pteris vittata | 0.656e | 1.119ab |
植物适应 高钙类型 Types of adaptation | 植物种类 Species | 植物钙含量特征 Characteristics of calcium content in plants | 适应高钙的策略 Strategies of plant adaptation to high calcium environment |
---|---|---|---|
随遇型 Calcium- indifferent | 凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica var. nervossa 井栏边草Pteris multifida 地瓜Ficus tikoua 白花鬼针草Bidens pilosa var. radiate | 植物地上/下部分的钙含量与土壤交换性钙含量显著正相关, 钙含量值变异系数较大 There is significant positive correlation between calcium content in plant aboveground/underground part and soil exchangeable calcium content, and the coefficient of variation of calcium content in plant has a wide range | 植物对自身钙含量变化的缓冲能力较强; 通过调节钙库中钙的结合量, 稳定细胞质中的Ca2+水平 Plants adapt to different calcium content in soil through high Ca2+ buffering capacity. By regulating Ca2+ binding in calcium stores, Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm is maintained at stable level |
高钙型 High- calcium | 乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica 薜荔Ficus pumila 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 田麻 Corchoropsis tomentosa | 植物地上部分钙含量与土壤交换性钙含量不存在显著正相关关系; 地上部分的钙含量较高, 并且变异系数较小 There is no significant positive correlation between calcium content in plant aboveground part and soil exchangeable calcium content. Plant aboveground part has a high level of calcium content and a narrow range in coefficient of variation | 通过加强钙的吸收及转运维持植物体较高的钙含量水平, 对钙有较高的需要或较强的忍耐力。 Plants maintain high calcium content by enhacing calcium uptake and transporting from underground to aboveground. High internal calcium is needed or tolerantable for these plants |
低钙型 Low- calcium | 肾蕨Nephrolepis auriculat 金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera 贯众Cyrtomium fortunei 丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum 江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii 蜈蚣草Pteris vittata | 植物地上部分钙含量与土壤交换性钙含量不存在显著正相关关系, 地上部分的钙含量较低, 且变异系数较小 There is no significant positive correlation between calcium content in plant aboveground part and soil exchangeable calcium content. Plant aboveground part has a low level of calcium content and a narrow range in coefficient of variation | 通过减少钙的吸收量或从地下部分向地上部分的转运量来维持地上部分较低的钙水平 Plants maintain low calcium content in aboveground part by reducing calcium uptake and transporting from underground part to aboveground part |
表4 喀斯特地区植物对高钙环境适应类型分析
Table 4 Types of plant adaptation to high calcium environment in Karst area.
植物适应 高钙类型 Types of adaptation | 植物种类 Species | 植物钙含量特征 Characteristics of calcium content in plants | 适应高钙的策略 Strategies of plant adaptation to high calcium environment |
---|---|---|---|
随遇型 Calcium- indifferent | 凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica var. nervossa 井栏边草Pteris multifida 地瓜Ficus tikoua 白花鬼针草Bidens pilosa var. radiate | 植物地上/下部分的钙含量与土壤交换性钙含量显著正相关, 钙含量值变异系数较大 There is significant positive correlation between calcium content in plant aboveground/underground part and soil exchangeable calcium content, and the coefficient of variation of calcium content in plant has a wide range | 植物对自身钙含量变化的缓冲能力较强; 通过调节钙库中钙的结合量, 稳定细胞质中的Ca2+水平 Plants adapt to different calcium content in soil through high Ca2+ buffering capacity. By regulating Ca2+ binding in calcium stores, Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm is maintained at stable level |
高钙型 High- calcium | 乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica 薜荔Ficus pumila 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala 田麻 Corchoropsis tomentosa | 植物地上部分钙含量与土壤交换性钙含量不存在显著正相关关系; 地上部分的钙含量较高, 并且变异系数较小 There is no significant positive correlation between calcium content in plant aboveground part and soil exchangeable calcium content. Plant aboveground part has a high level of calcium content and a narrow range in coefficient of variation | 通过加强钙的吸收及转运维持植物体较高的钙含量水平, 对钙有较高的需要或较强的忍耐力。 Plants maintain high calcium content by enhacing calcium uptake and transporting from underground to aboveground. High internal calcium is needed or tolerantable for these plants |
低钙型 Low- calcium | 肾蕨Nephrolepis auriculat 金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera 贯众Cyrtomium fortunei 丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum 江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii 蜈蚣草Pteris vittata | 植物地上部分钙含量与土壤交换性钙含量不存在显著正相关关系, 地上部分的钙含量较低, 且变异系数较小 There is no significant positive correlation between calcium content in plant aboveground part and soil exchangeable calcium content. Plant aboveground part has a low level of calcium content and a narrow range in coefficient of variation | 通过减少钙的吸收量或从地下部分向地上部分的转运量来维持地上部分较低的钙水平 Plants maintain low calcium content in aboveground part by reducing calcium uptake and transporting from underground part to aboveground part |
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