桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0065

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 682-693.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0065

所属专题：生态化学计量；凋落物

桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征

曾昭霞^1,^2,^*(), 王克林^1,², 刘孝利³, 曾馥平^1,², 宋同清^1,², 彭晚霞^1,², 张浩^1,², 杜虎^1,²

¹中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125
²中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西环江 547100
³湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙 410128

出版日期:2015-07-01 发布日期:2015-07-22
通讯作者: 曾昭霞
作者简介:
*作者简介:E-mail:dengchuanyuan@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院西部行动计划(KZCX2- XB3-10)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA- 05050205)、国家自然科学基金(31100329、5140-9101、31370485和31370623)和中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所青年人才领域前沿项目(ISACX- LYQY-QN-1203)

Stoichiometric characteristics of plants, litter and soils in karst plant communities of Northwest Guangxi

ZENG Zhao-Xia^1,^2,^*(), WANG Ke-Lin^1,², LIU Xiao-Li³, ZENG Fu-Ping^1,², SONG Tong-Qing^1,², PENG Wan-Xia^1,², ZHANG Hao^1,², DU Hu^1,²

¹Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
²Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China
³College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Online:2015-07-01 Published:2015-07-22
Contact: Zhao-Xia ZENG
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探明我国西南喀斯特生态脆弱区植被恢复重建背景下, 森林植物、凋落物与土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征有助于深入地认识喀斯特森林生态系统养分循环规律和系统稳定机制。该文选取桂西北典型喀斯特地区域3个原生林群落和3个自然恢复28年的次生林群落, 研究其“植物-凋落物-土壤”连续体的C、N、P化学计量学特征及其内在关联。结果表明: 1)圆果化香树(Platycarya longipes)、伞花木(Eurycorymbus cavaleriei)和青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii)以及圆叶乌桕(Sapium rotundifolium)、八角枫(Alangium chinense)和黄荆(Vitex negundo) 6种植物的C、N、P平均含量分别为427.5、21.2、1.2 mg·g^-1; 凋落物C、N、P平均含量分别为396.2、12.7、0.9 mg·g^-1, 而表层土壤(0-10 cm) C、N、P平均含量分别为92.0、6.35和1.5 mg·g^-1。2)原生林N再吸收率(平均值为42.7%)高于次生林(平均值为36.5%), P再吸收率(20.4%)显著低于次生林(32.3%) (p < 0.05); 6个森林群落N的再吸收率均大于P的再吸收率。3)不同群落凋落物的C:N值差异不显著, 原生林植物的C:N值小于次生林、土壤C:N显著大于次生林; 原生林土壤C:P与次生林无显著差异, 植物与凋落物C:P小于次生林; 原生林凋落物与土壤N:P值小于次生林, 植物N:P比平均值均为17.4。4)研究区典型森林群落植物中N和P含量呈显著的正相关关系, 植物C:N与N:P、C:P与N:P比值均无明显相关关系; 经过对数变换后的土壤C:N与N:P呈显著负相关关系, 凋落物的C:P与N:P值呈极显著正相关关系。研究结果可为我国西南典型喀斯特脆弱生态区的生态功能恢复与植被重建提供科学依据。

关键词: 生态化学计量学, 喀斯特, 植物, 凋落物, 土壤, 原生林, 次生林

Abstract: Aims The objectives of this study were to characterize the C:N:P stoichiometry of the “plant-litter-soil” continuum and to better understand nutrient cycling and stability mechanisms in karst forest ecosystems in Southwest China. Methods Three representative forest sites were selected for each of the primary and secondary communities (28 years of natural restoration) in Northwest Guangxi, and measurements were made on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents in plants, litter and soils. Important findings Compared with other regions, the plants in karst forest ecosystems had relatively lower C content and higher N content, with a lower C:N ratio in consistency with the characteristics of plants. After 28 years of natural recovery, N and P absorption in secondary forests were at a relatively stable state compared with the primary forest communities. The values of N:P ratio varied from a range of 16-19 in the primary forest communities to 17-19 in the secondary forest communities, without apparent difference in the mean vale between the two contrasting community types. Soil organic C, N and P in karst forests occurred primarily in the top 0-10 cm soil layer, at 92.0 mg·g^-1 C, 6.35 mg·g^-1 N, and 1.5 mg·g^-1 P, respectively. In contrast, the nutrient utilization efficiency and nutrient resorption rate were lower in karst forest plants than in other plant types, with karst forest plants exhibiting a relatively rapid nutrient turnover rate. The N resorption rate was lower, and the P resorption higher, in the primary forest communities than in the secondary forest communities, indicating that the higher N deficiency and lower P deficiency of the primary forest communities compared with the secondary forest communities. Determination of the C:N:P stoichiometric characteristics in the plant-litter-soil continuum in this study provides a scientific guidance for restoration of the vulnerable karst ecosystem in Southwest China.

Key words: ecological stoichiometry, karst, plant, litter, soil, primary forest, secondary forest

曾昭霞, 王克林, 刘孝利, 曾馥平, 宋同清, 彭晚霞, 张浩, 杜虎. 桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(7): 682-693. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0065

ZENG Zhao-Xia,WANG Ke-Lin,LIU Xiao-Li,ZENG Fu-Ping,SONG Tong-Qing,PENG Wan-Xia,ZHANG Hao,DU Hu. Stoichiometric characteristics of plants, litter and soils in karst plant communities of Northwest Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(7): 682-693. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0065

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I7/682

图/表 7

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建群种 Constructive species	原生林 Primary forest			次生林 Secondary forest
建群种 Constructive species	圆果化香树 Platycarya longipes	伞花木 Eurycorymbus cavaleriei	青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	圆叶乌桕 Sapium rotundifolium	八角枫 Alangium chinense	黄荆 Vitex negundo
裸岩率 Bare rock (%)	48	55	70	15	35	12
建群种高 (m) (平均值±标准误差) Height of constructive species (m) (mean ± SE)	4.92 ± 0.56	7.67 ± 0.63	8.88 ± 0.71	4.74 ± 0.45	3.56 ± 0.38	1.86 ± 0.23
郁闭度 Canopy closure	0.55	0.61	0.48	0.67	0.82	0.74
物种数 Species number	13	17	9	38	33	42
香农-威尔指数 Shannon-Winner index	3.22	3.14	3.48	1.67	1.91	1.54
均匀度 Evenness	0.83	0.77	0.89	0.58	0.62	0.55
辛普森指数 Simpson’s index	0.81	0.78	0.95	0.55	0.64	0.52

建群种 Constructive species	原生林 Primary forest			次生林 Secondary forest
建群种 Constructive species	圆果化香树 Platycarya longipes	伞花木 Eurycorymbus cavaleriei	青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	圆叶乌桕 Sapium rotundifolium	八角枫 Alangium chinense	黄荆 Vitex negundo
裸岩率 Bare rock (%)	48	55	70	15	35	12
建群种高 (m) (平均值±标准误差) Height of constructive species (m) (mean ± SE)	4.92 ± 0.56	7.67 ± 0.63	8.88 ± 0.71	4.74 ± 0.45	3.56 ± 0.38	1.86 ± 0.23
郁闭度 Canopy closure	0.55	0.61	0.48	0.67	0.82	0.74
物种数 Species number	13	17	9	38	33	42
香农-威尔指数 Shannon-Winner index	3.22	3.14	3.48	1.67	1.91	1.54
均匀度 Evenness	0.83	0.77	0.89	0.58	0.62	0.55
辛普森指数 Simpson’s index	0.81	0.78	0.95	0.55	0.64	0.52

含量 Content	项目 Item	原生林 Primary forest			次生林 Secondary forest
含量 Content	项目 Item	圆果化香树 Platycarya longipes	伞花木 Eurycorymbus cavaleriei	青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	圆叶乌桕 Sapium rotundifolium	八角枫 Alangium chinense	黄荆 Vitex negundo
碳 C (mg·g^-1)	植物 Plant	429.3 ± 9.7^aA	438.8 ± 10.3^aA	432.3 ± 9.3^aA	422.3 ± 11.3^abA	416.6 ± 12.0^bA	425.9 ± 12.4^abA
	凋落物 Litter	395.1 ± 8.9^B	412.9 ± 9.0^A	399.4 ± 10.5^B	392.8 ± 10.6^B	385.2 ± 11.1^B	391.5 ± 12.5^B
	土壤 Soil	106.4 ± 6.2^abC	112.4 ± 7.1^aB	100.0 ± 6.6^bC	83.5 ± 7.4^cC	76.9 ± 6.0^cdC	72.9 ± 5.2^dC
氮 N (mg·g^-1)	植物 Plant	22.6 ± 4.4^aA	23.0 ± 4.1^aA	22.1 ± 3.7^aA	18.7 ±3.1^cA	19.9 ± 2.7^bcA	20.7 ± 2.7^bA
	凋落物 Litter	13.1 ± 2.3^B	12.5 ± 1.8^B	13.2 ± 2.1^B	12.7 ± 2.0^B	12.1 ± 3.1^B	12.8 ± 2.4^B
	土壤 Soil	6.4 ± 1.2^abC	5.7 ± 0.8^bC	5.9 ± 1.1^abC	7.2 ± 1.2^aC	6.8 ± 1.0^abC	6.1 ± 1.4^abC
磷 P (mg·g^-1)	植物 Plant	1.3 ± 0.4^A	1.4 ± 0.4^B	1.2 ± 0.4^B	1.1 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.4^A	1.2 ± 0.5
	凋落物 Litter	1.0 ± 0.1^B	1.1 ± 0.3^C	1.0 ± 0.3^C	0.8 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4^B	0.8 ± 0.4
	土壤 Soil	1.4 ± 0.5^abA	1.7 ± 0.6^aA	1.6 ± 0.6^abA	1.2 ± 0.4^b	1.5 ± 0.5^abA	1.3 ± 0.4^b

含量 Content	项目 Item	原生林 Primary forest			次生林 Secondary forest
含量 Content	项目 Item	圆果化香树 Platycarya longipes	伞花木 Eurycorymbus cavaleriei	青檀 Pteroceltis tatarinowii	圆叶乌桕 Sapium rotundifolium	八角枫 Alangium chinense	黄荆 Vitex negundo
碳 C (mg·g^-1)	植物 Plant	429.3 ± 9.7^aA	438.8 ± 10.3^aA	432.3 ± 9.3^aA	422.3 ± 11.3^abA	416.6 ± 12.0^bA	425.9 ± 12.4^abA
	凋落物 Litter	395.1 ± 8.9^B	412.9 ± 9.0^A	399.4 ± 10.5^B	392.8 ± 10.6^B	385.2 ± 11.1^B	391.5 ± 12.5^B
	土壤 Soil	106.4 ± 6.2^abC	112.4 ± 7.1^aB	100.0 ± 6.6^bC	83.5 ± 7.4^cC	76.9 ± 6.0^cdC	72.9 ± 5.2^dC
氮 N (mg·g^-1)	植物 Plant	22.6 ± 4.4^aA	23.0 ± 4.1^aA	22.1 ± 3.7^aA	18.7 ±3.1^cA	19.9 ± 2.7^bcA	20.7 ± 2.7^bA
	凋落物 Litter	13.1 ± 2.3^B	12.5 ± 1.8^B	13.2 ± 2.1^B	12.7 ± 2.0^B	12.1 ± 3.1^B	12.8 ± 2.4^B
	土壤 Soil	6.4 ± 1.2^abC	5.7 ± 0.8^bC	5.9 ± 1.1^abC	7.2 ± 1.2^aC	6.8 ± 1.0^abC	6.1 ± 1.4^abC
磷 P (mg·g^-1)	植物 Plant	1.3 ± 0.4^A	1.4 ± 0.4^B	1.2 ± 0.4^B	1.1 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.4^A	1.2 ± 0.5
	凋落物 Litter	1.0 ± 0.1^B	1.1 ± 0.3^C	1.0 ± 0.3^C	0.8 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.4^B	0.8 ± 0.4
	土壤 Soil	1.4 ± 0.5^abA	1.7 ± 0.6^aA	1.6 ± 0.6^abA	1.2 ± 0.4^b	1.5 ± 0.5^abA	1.3 ± 0.4^b

对象 Item	研究区域 Region	C (mg·g^-1)	N (mg·g^-1)	P (mg·g^-1)	C:N	C:P	N:P	文献 References
植物 Plant	广西喀斯特地区 Karst region, Guangxi	427.5	21.2	1.2	19.8	356	18	This study
	北京及其周边 Beijing and it’s periphery	451.0	26.1	2.0	17.4	226	13	Han et al., 2009
	吉林长白山 Changbaishan, Jilin	481.5	19.5	1.5	24.7	321	13	王晶苑等, 2011 Wang et al., 2011
	广东鼎湖山 Dinghushan, Guangdong	504.9	19.8	0.9	25.5	561	22	王晶苑等, 2011 Wang et al., 2011
	中国 China	-	18.6	1.2	-	-	16	Han et al., 2005
凋落物 Litter	广西喀斯特地区 Karst region, Guangxi	396.2	12.7	0.9	31.4	440	14	This study
	北京东灵山 Donglingshan, Beijing	447.3	8.0	0.4	55.9	1 118	20	Wang & Huang, 2001
	吉林长白山 Changbaishan, Jilin	496.8	12.9	0.9	39.4	552	14	王晶苑等, 2011 Wang et al., 2011
	广东鼎湖山 Dinghushan, Guangdong	522.1	14.2	0.4	37.3	1 305	35	王晶苑等, 2011 Wang et al., 2011
	全球 Global	-	10.9	0.9	-	-	12	Kang et al., 2010
土壤 Soil	广西喀斯特地区 Karst region, Guangxi (0-10 cm)	92.0	6.4	1.5	15.3	61	4	This study
	广西喀斯特地区 Karst region, Guangxi (0-20 cm)	48.4	5.4	0.5	8.8	97	11	Yu et al., 2014
	内蒙古草原 Steppe in Inner Mongolia (0-10 cm)	25.3	1.7	0.1	14.9	253	17	Yin et al., 2010
	闽江河口湿地 Wetlands in Minjiang river estuary (0-15 cm)	18.8	2.1	0.8	8.9	24	3	王维奇等, 2011 Wang et al., 2011
	甘肃民勤绿洲 Minqin oasis, Gansu (0-20 cm)	3.0	0.3	0.3	10.0	10	1	Yang et al., 2011

桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征

Stoichiometric characteristics of plants, litter and soils in karst plant communities of Northwest Guangxi

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