持久性土壤种子库种子萌发的个体竞争能力会衰减吗?——以紫茎泽兰为例

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00754

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

持久性土壤种子库(PSSB)是一种重要的植物生活史对策, 很多学者就这种对策对物种适应和进化的影响进行过推理。但种子在土壤中的长时间存留是一种风险行为, 所有的PSSB影响的推理都取决于一个假设, 即PSSB种子萌发的个体的竞争能力没有因为存留损耗而显著降低。为验证这一假设, 该文以紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)为研究材料, 比较了埋藏1年和3年的PSSB种子萌发的个体与同母体的当年新种子萌发的个体之间在无竞争和4种密度制约竞争条件下的株高和生物量的差异。结果显示, 无论株高还是生物量, PSSB种子萌发的个体较同母体的新种子萌发的个体均有所降低, 但在多数检测时间内的降低程度未达到显著水平, 表明紫茎泽兰PSSB种子萌发的个体相对于同母体的新种子萌发的个体的竞争能力无显著下降。

关键词: 生物量, 密度制约, 持久性能力, 种子储藏, 活力耗损

Abstract:

Aims It has been assumed that plants grown from persistent soil seed bank (PSSB) are not less competitive because of soil storage. Our objective was to determine whether the competitiveness of plants of PSSB will decrease.
Methods We compared heights and biomass of Eupatorium adenophorum plants grown from fresh seeds and grown from one-year-old buried PSSB seeds with no competition (control) and competition with density of 0.25, 1, 4 and 8 plants·cm^-2. We also compared plants grown from fresh seeds and three-year-old buried PSSB seeds with no competition (control) and competition with density of 0.10, 0.17, 0.60 and 2.17 plants·cm^-2. The PSSB seeds and fresh seeds were germinated simultaneously, and seedlings were grown in garden pots up to 175 days. Plant height was measured every 15 days and biomass was measured every 30 days (3 replicates).
Important findings The height and biomass of plants of one- and three-year-old buried PSSB seeds were lower than for plants germinated from fresh seeds in the control (no competition) and with competition at most measuring times. However, most differences were not statistically significant.

Key words: biomass, density-dependence, persistence, seed storage, vigor reduction

沈有信, 赵春燕. 持久性土壤种子库种子萌发的个体竞争能力会衰减吗?——以紫茎泽兰为例. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 754-762. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00754

SHEN You-Xin, ZHAO Chun-Yan. Will competitiveness of resulting plants of persistent soil seed bank decline? Example from Eupatorium adenophorum. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(8): 754-762. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00754

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00754

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I8/754

图/表 9

图1 埋藏1年的持久性土壤种子库(PSSB)种子萌发的个体与当年新种子萌发的个体之间的竞争试验设计。

Fig. 1 Diagram showing the competition arrangement between plants resulting from one year buried persistent soil seed bank (PSSB) and fresh seeds.

表1 播种不同天数后紫茎泽兰的密度(D)与种子来源类型(A) (新种子和埋藏1年的持久性土壤种子库种子)对株高的影响

Table 1 Effects of density (D) and seed source type (A) (new seeds vs one year old seeds of persistent soil seed bank) on plant height of Eupatorium adenophorum at different days after sowing

处理 Treatment		距离播种天数 Days after sowing (d)
处理 Treatment		45	55	65	75	85	105	125	140	155	165
D A A × D	df F p df F p df F p	4 140.466 0.000 1 44.336 0.000 4 125.375 0.000	4 70.423 0.000 1 15.829 0.000 4 0.313 0.868	4 8.379 0.000 1 4.102 0.045 4 11.765 0.000	4 30.907 0.000 1 2.894 0.092 4 2.853 0.027	4 28.287 0.000 1 0.415 0.521 4 1.531 0.201	4 18.245 0.000 1 0.045 0.833 4 6.472 0.000	4 6.036 0.001 1 2.107 0.153 4 3.410 0.016	4 101.397 0.000 1 4.262 0.044 4 0.419 0.794	4 1.632 0.210 1 0.318 0.580 4 0.920 0.474	4 2.101 0.131 1 2.622 0.126 4 4.326 0.016

表2 播种不同天数后紫茎泽兰的密度(D)与种子来源类型(A) (新种子和埋藏3年的持久性土壤种子库种子)对株高的影响

Table 2 Effects of density (D) and seed source type (A) (new seeds vs three years old seeds of persistent soil seed bank) on plant height of Eupatorium adenophorum at different days after sowing

处理 Treatment		距离播种天数 Days after sowing (d)
处理 Treatment		32	57	71	86	101	116	130	145	160	175
D A A × D	df F p df F p df F p	4 4.580 0.002 1 0.667 0.415 4 0.901 0.465	4 7.695 0.000 1 3.367 0.069 4 0.969 0.427	4 32.120 0.000 1 4.305 0.040 4 0.327 0.859	4 77.719 0.000 1 4.567 0.035 4 0.357 0.839	4 45.207 0.000 1 3.539 0.064 4 0.290 0.884	4 45.046 0.000 1 4.524 0.037 4 0.468 0.759	4 36.001 0.000 1 3.749 0.059 4 0.324 0.861	4 37.387 0.000 1 3.803 0.058 4 0.369 0.830	4 24.170 0.000 1 0.377 0.547 4 0.512 0.728	4 26.046 0.000 1 0.106 0.748 4 0.317 0.863

图2 不同种植密度下埋藏1年的持久性土壤种子库(PSSB)种子萌发的个体与新种子萌发的个体株高比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 对照。B, 0.25株·cm-2。C, 1株·cm-2。D, 4株·cm-2。E, 8株·cm-2。

Fig. 2 Comparisons of plant height of plants resulting from one year old seeds of persistent soil seed bank (PSSB) and resulting from fresh seeds at different planting densities (mean ± SE). A, Control. B, 0.25 plants·cm-2. C, 1 plant·cm-2. D, 4 plants·cm-2. E, 8 plants·cm-2.

图3 不同种植密度下埋藏3年的持久性土壤种子库(PSSB)种子萌发的个体与新种子萌发的个体的株高比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 对照。B, 0.10株·cm-2。C, 0.17株·cm-2。D, 0.60株·cm-2。E, 2.17株·cm-2。

Fig. 3 Comparisons of plant height of plants resulting from three years old seeds of persistent soil seed bank (PSSB) and resulting from fresh seeds at different planting densities (mean ± SE). A, Control. B, 0.10 plants·cm-2. C, 0.17 plants·cm-2. D, 0.60 plants·cm-2. E, 2.17 plants·cm-2.

表3 播种不同天数后紫茎泽兰的密度(D)与种子来源类型(A) (新种子和埋藏1年的持久性土壤种子库种子)对生物量的影响

Table 3 Effects of density (D) and seed source type (A) (new seeds vs one year old seeds of persistent soil seed bank) on biomass of Eupatorium adenophorum at different days after sowing

处理 Treatment		距离播种天数 Days after sowing (d)
处理 Treatment		85	115	145	175
D A A × D	df F p df F p df F p	4 2.047 0.126 1 0.383 0.543 4 0.025 0.999	4 3.386 0.029 1 25.317 0.000 4 0.937 0.463	3 15.829 0.000 1 5.046 0.036 3 3.586 0.023	4 12.077 0.000 1 0.338 0.567 4 0.343 0.846

表4 播种不同天数后紫茎泽兰的密度(D)与种子来源类型(A) (新种子和埋藏3年的持久性土壤种子库种子)对生物量的影响

Table 4 Effects of density (D) and seed source type (A) (new seeds vs three years old seeds of persistent soil seed bank) on biomass of Eupatorium adenophorum at different days after sowing

处理 Treatment		距离播种天数 Days after sowing (d)
处理 Treatment		58	86	117	145	175
D A A × D	df F p df F p df F p	4 12.552 0.000 1 3.232 0.088 4 0.366 0.829	4 36.873 0.000 1 0.022 0.883 4 0.562 0.693	3 47.930 0.000 1 0.029 0.868 3 0.025 0.995	4 376.202 0.000 1 5.897 0.027 4 0.546 0.658	4 62.320 0.000 1 0.201 0.659 4 0.117 0.975

图4 不同种植密度下埋藏1年的持久性土壤种子库(PSSB)种子萌发的个体与新种子萌发的个体的生物量比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 对照。B, 0.25株·cm-2。C, 1株·cm-2。D, 4株·cm-2。E, 8株·cm-2。

Fig. 4 Comparisons of individual biomass of plants resulting from one year old seeds of persistent soil seed bank (PSSB) and resulting from fresh seeds at different planting densities (mean ± SE). A, Control. B, 0.25 plants·cm-2. C, 1 plant·cm-2. D, 4 plants·cm-2. E, 8 plants·cm-2.

图5 不同种植密度下埋藏3年的持久性土壤种子库(PSSB)种子萌发的个体与新种子萌发的个体的生物量比较(平均值±标准误差)。A, 对照。B, 0.10株·cm-2。C, 0.17株·cm-2。D, 0.60株·cm-2。E, 2.17株·cm-2。

Fig. 5 Comparisons of individual biomass of plants resulting from three years old seeds of persistent soil seed bank (PSSB) and resulting from fresh seeds at different planting densities (mean ± SE). A, Control. B, 0.10 plants·cm-2. C, 0.17 plants·cm-2. D, 0.60 plants·cm-2. E, 2.17 plants·cm-2.

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