胡杨木质部水分传导对盐胁迫的响应与适应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

解析植物木质部导水率对逆境的响应和适应对促进植物抗逆性机理研究和受损植被恢复具有重要意义。该文以荒漠河岸林建群种胡杨(Populus euphratica)为研究对象, 系统分析了胡杨幼株根、茎、叶水分传输通道对不同浓度盐胁迫的响应和适应。结果表明: (1)胡杨幼株根系对盐胁迫的敏感性高于茎和叶, 盐胁迫下根系生长和根尖数显著受到抑制, 根木质部易于发生栓塞, 导水率明显降低。(2)胡杨幼株茎木质部导水率对盐胁迫的响应依盐浓度而定, 轻度(0.05 mol·L^-1 NaCl)和中度(0.15 mol·L^-1 NaCl)盐胁迫下, 胡杨可以通过协调导管输水的有效性和安全性来调节木质部的导水率, 维持植物正常生长; 重度(0.30 mol·L^-1 NaCl)盐胁迫下, 胡杨茎木质部导管输水有效性和安全性均明显降低, 木质部导水率显著下降, 并伴随叶片气孔导度的显著降低, 从而严重抑制了胡杨的光合和生长。

关键词: 木质部, 水分传导率, 导管, 根系形态, 气孔导度

Abstract: Aims

Soil salinity is a major limiting factor for plant establishment, development and productivity in arid environment. This study was conducted to determine the responses and adaptation of xylem hydraulic conductivity to salt stress in Populus euphratica in order to understand the mechanisms of stress resistance and restoration strategy of this species.

<i>Methods</i>

The responses and adaptation of hydraulic conductivity to different levels of salt stress (NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.30 mol·L^-1) were investigated in P. euphratica seedlings. The testing plants were subjected to salt stresses for three months, and the stomatal conductance of leaves, hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation of roots and stem xylem, anatomical structure of xylem vessels and root morphology and distribution were measured. The resulting data were analyzed to determine the relationships of salt stress with root uptake, hydraulic conductivity of xylem and foliar transpiration by using ANOVA, LSD and Pearson correlations.

<i>Important findings</i>

The roots of P. euphratica seedlings were more responsive to salt stress than stem and leaves. Root length and root tips were significantly inhibited by the salt stresses imposed. Under the salt stress, root hydraulic conductivity was significantly reduced and root xylem was more vulnerable to cavitation. The responses of stem xylem conductivity to salt stresses varied with the level of salt stress. Under a mild (0.05 mol·L^-1 NaCl) and moderate (0.15 mol·L^-1 NaCl) salt stress, Populus euphratica seedlings adjusted hydraulic conductivity in stem xylem by increasing the wall thickness of conduit and between conduits as well the wall mechanical strength to maintain norm growth. Under a severe salt stress (0.30 mol·L^-1 NaCl), hydraulic conductivity and safety and efficacy of water transportation of stem xylem in P. euphratica seedlings significantly decreased accompanied by reduced stomatal conductance of leaves, which eventually inhibited the plant growth.

Key words: xylem, hydraulic conductivity, vessel, root morphology, stomatal conductance

周洪华, 李卫红. 胡杨木质部水分传导对盐胁迫的响应与适应. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(1): 81-91. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0009

ZHOU Hong-Hua,LI Wei-Hong. Responses and adaptation of xylem hydraulic conductivity to salt stress in Populus euphratica. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(1): 81-91. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0009

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0009

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I1/81

图/表 7

图1 各浓度盐胁迫处理下胡杨幼株叶片气孔导度(Gs)日变化(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05, LSD)。 Control, 对照 0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl。

Fig. 1 Diurnal changes in stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves in Populus euphratica seedlings under different concentration salt stresses (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, LSD). Control, 0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl.

图2 各浓度盐胁迫处理下胡杨幼株根和茎木质部导水率(平均值±标准误差)。Ks0, 初始比导率; Ksmax, 最大比导率。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05, LSD)。Control, 对照0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl。

Fig. 2 Hydraulic conductivity of roots and stems of Populus euphratica seedlings under different concentration salt stresses (mean ± SE). Ks0, initial hydraulic conductivity per unit volume. Ksmax, maximum hydraulic conductivity. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, LSD). Control, 0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl.

图3 各浓度盐胁迫处理下胡杨根和茎木质部栓塞度脆弱性曲线(平均值±标准误差)。PLC, 导水损失率。Control, 对照0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl。

Fig. 3 Curves of xylem vulnerability to cavitation in roots and stems of Populus euphratica seedlings under different concentration salt stresses (mean ± SE). PLC, percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity. Control, 0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl.

图4 各浓度盐胁迫处理下胡杨幼株茎木质部导管显微结构特征(平均值±标准误差)。Control, 对照0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl。

Fig. 4 Anatomical structure of stem xylem vessels in Populus euphratica seedlings under different concentration salt stresses (mean ± SE). Control, 0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl.

图5 各浓度盐胁迫处理下胡杨幼株根形态生长与分布。A, 对照处理(0 mol·L-1 NaCl溶液处理水平); B, S1处理(0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl溶液处理水平); C, S2处理(0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl溶液处理水平); D, S3处理(0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl 溶液处理水平。

Fig. 5 Root morphology and distribution of Populus euphratica seedlings under different concentration salt stresses. A, control level (0 mol·L-1 NaCl solution); B, S1 level (0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl solution); C, S2 level (0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl solution); D, S3 level (0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl solution).

图6 各浓度盐胁迫处理下胡杨幼株根系特征(平均值±标准误差)。Control, 对照0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl。

Fig. 6 Root characteristics of Populus euphratica seedlings under different concentration salt stresses (mean ± SE). Control, 0 mol·L-1 NaCl; S1, 0.05 mol·L-1 NaCl; S2, 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl; S3, 0.30 mol·L-1 NaCl.

表1 根系形态与水分传导能力的Pearson相关性

Table 1 Pearson correlation between root characteristics and hydraulic conductivity

	总根长 Total root length	总根尖数 No. of total root tips	0-5 mm根长 0-5 mm root length	0-5 mm根尖数 No. of 0-5 mm root tips	5-10 mm根长 5-10 mm root length	5-10 mm根尖数 No. of 5-10 mm root tips
最大比导率 k_smax	0.567^*	0.841^*	0.631^*	0.854^*	0.604^*	0.538^*
初始比导率 k_s0	0.494	0.800^*	0.565^*	0.815^*	0.538^*	0.460

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