雷竹和青皮竹导管结构的轴向变化

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着植株高度增加, 水分运输路径加长, 水分运输阻力增大。双子叶植物可以通过向下拓宽的木质部管道来补偿随着高度增加而增加的水分运输阻力。而单子叶植物无次生生长, 需终生使用同一套导管系统运输水分, 这会对其个体生长过程中维持木质部水力传输效率产生极大的限制。因此, 探明单子叶植物水力结构的轴向变化对于探讨该类物种的水分运输效率维持机制及其在自然界中能够广泛分布的原因显得尤为重要。该研究以树状单子叶植物雷竹(Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’)和青皮竹(Bambusa textilis)为研究对象, 测定了植株茎干不同位置(即距茎尖不同距离)的导管大小、导管数量以及茎干外径等参数, 并进一步计算水力加权导管直径(D_h)、平均导管面积、导管密度、导管面积/导管密度等指标, 采用标准化主轴估计(SMA)的方法, 对各性状沿茎干轴向的变化规律及性状间的协变关系进行分析。研究结果显示, 雷竹和青皮竹从茎干顶端到基部, (1) D_h逐渐加宽、平均导管面积增大; (2)导管密度减小, 导管面积/导管密度增大; (3)导管密度与导管大小之间呈显著负相关关系。表明竹子从茎干顶部向基部, 导管大小逐渐拓宽, 单位木质部横截面积内的导管数量逐渐减少, 导管的大小与数量的变化是相互权衡的。

关键词: 水力限制, 轴向变化, 竹子, 导管大小, 导管密度, 权衡

Abstract:

Aims As a plant gets taller, the distance of water flow becomes longer and hydraulic resistance becomes bigger. Dicotyledons have evolved special xylem structure to compensate for the increase of hydraulic resistance to water transport with height growth by widening conduits downwards. However, monocots have no secondary growth and thus will limit the maintenance of xylem hydraulic efficiency during ontogeny. Therefore, it is important to figure out the axial changes of the hydraulic architecture of monocots, and investigate the maintenance mechanism of water transport efficiency of these plants and the reason for their wide distribution in nature.
Methods The vessel lumen size, vessel number, stem diameter, hydraulically weighted mean vessel diameter (D_h), mean vessel area, vessel density, vessel area/vessel density parameters at different heights along the stem of two arborescent bamboos, Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’ and Bambusa textilis from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province were studied. Standardized major axis estimation (SMA) was used to analyze the changes of traits along the axis of stem, and the covariant relationship among the traits.
Important findings In both species, hydraulic diameter increased, vessel density decreased, and the ratio of vessel area to vessel density increased accordingly from the stem apex to the base. There was a significantly negative correlation between vessel density and vessel size. These results indicated that the size of vessels in bamboo gradually widens from the stem apex to the base, and the number of vessels in the unit cross sectional area of xylem gradually decreases. It is characterized by trade-off between changes in the size and number of vessels within stem. The results show insight on the growth adaptation strategies of monocotyledonous plants.

Key words: hydraulic limitation, axial variation, bamboo, vessel size, vessel density, trade-off

王小林, 周维, 赵梅, 丁钰桐, 杨冬梅, 张吟霜, 尹梦琪, 庄悦, 彭国全. 雷竹和青皮竹导管结构的轴向变化. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(7): 915-929. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0100

WANG Xiao-Lin, ZHOU Wei, ZHAO Mei, DING Yu-Tong, YANG Dong-Mei, ZHANG Yin-Shuang, YIN Meng-Qi, ZHUANG Yue, PENG Guo-Quan. Axial variations in vessel structure of bamboos Phyllostachys violascens ‘Prevernalis’ and Bambusa textilis. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(7): 915-929. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0100

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I7/915

图/表 6

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物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²	斜率 Slope	95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h- distance from the stem tip	83	0.893	0.305	(0.284, 0.328)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h- stem outside diameter	83	0.845	0.422	(0.387, 0.460)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.895	0.574	(0.535, 0.617)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	83	0.848	0.794	(0.729, 0.865)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	83	0.967	0.724	(0.695, 0.753)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.974	1.257	(1.213, 1.302)
青皮竹 B. textilis	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h - distance from the stem tip	78	0.908	0.299	(0.279, 0.320)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h - stem outside diameter	78	0.895	0.393	(0.365, 0.424)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.923	0.573	(0.538, 0.611)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	78	0.907	0.755	(0.704, 0.809)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	78	0.956	0.759	(0.724, 0.797)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.963	1.343	(1.286, 1.403)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²	斜率 Slope	95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h- distance from the stem tip	83	0.893	0.305	(0.284, 0.328)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h- stem outside diameter	83	0.845	0.422	(0.387, 0.460)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.895	0.574	(0.535, 0.617)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	83	0.848	0.794	(0.729, 0.865)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	83	0.967	0.724	(0.695, 0.753)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	83	0.974	1.257	(1.213, 1.302)
青皮竹 B. textilis	水力加权导管直径-距茎尖距离 D_h - distance from the stem tip	78	0.908	0.299	(0.279, 0.320)
	水力加权导管直径-茎干外径 D_h - stem outside diameter	78	0.895	0.393	(0.365, 0.424)
	平均导管面积-距茎尖距离 Mean vessel area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.923	0.573	(0.538, 0.611)
	平均导管面积-茎干外径 Mean vessel area - stem outside diameter	78	0.907	0.755	(0.704, 0.809)
	茎干外径-距茎尖距离 Stem outside diameter - distance from the stem tip	78	0.956	0.759	(0.724, 0.797)
	茎木质部横截面积-距茎尖距离 Xylem cross-sectional area - distance from the stem tip	78	0.963	1.343	(1.286, 1.403)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²		95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	83	0.946	0.805	(0.764, 0.847)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	83	0.989	1.112	(1.087, 1.138)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	83	0.949	-0.471	(-0.495, -0.448)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	83	0.935	-0.650	(-0.688, -0.615)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	83	0.942	1.032	(0.979, 1.089)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	83	0.908	1.427	(1.334, 1.526)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	78	0.939	0.692	(0.654, 0.732)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	78	0.981	0.911	(0.883, 0.940)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	78	0.937	-0.669	(-0.709, -0.632)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	78	0.956	-0.881	(-0.924, -0.840)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	78	0.947	1.232	(1.168, 1.298)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	78	0.950	1.622	(1.541, 1.707)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²		95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	83	0.946	0.805	(0.764, 0.847)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	83	0.989	1.112	(1.087, 1.138)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	83	0.949	-0.471	(-0.495, -0.448)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	83	0.935	-0.650	(-0.688, -0.615)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	83	0.942	1.032	(0.979, 1.089)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	83	0.908	1.427	(1.334, 1.526)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管数量-距茎尖距离 Vessel number - distance from the stem tip	78	0.939	0.692	(0.654, 0.732)
	导管数量-茎干外径 Vessel number - stem outside diameter	78	0.981	0.911	(0.883, 0.940)
	导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel density - distance from the stem tip	78	0.937	-0.669	(-0.709, -0.632)
	导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel density - stem outside diameter	78	0.956	-0.881	(-0.924, -0.840)
	导管面积/导管密度-距茎尖距离 Vessel area to density ratio - distance from the stem tip	78	0.947	1.232	(1.168, 1.298)
	导管面积/导管密度-茎干外径 Vessel area to density ratio - stem outside diameter	78	0.950	1.622	(1.541, 1.707)

物种 Species	指标(y轴-x轴) Index (y-axis - x-axis)	N	R²	斜率 Slope	95%置信区间 95% CI
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管密度-水力加权导管直径 Vessel density - D_h	83	0.900	-1.541	(-1.653, -1.437)
雷竹 P. violascens ‘Prevernalis’	导管密度-平均导管面积 Vessel density - mean vessel area	83	0.906	-0.819	(-0.877, -0.765)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管密度-水力加权导管直径 Vessel density - D_h	78	0.909	-2.241	(-2.400, -2.091)
青皮竹 B. textilis	导管密度-平均导管面积 Vessel density - mean vessel area	78	0.932	-1.168	(-1.240, -1.100)