浙江普陀山岛森林凋落物动态与微气候的关联性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0157

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1154-1163.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0157

所属专题：凋落物

浙江普陀山岛森林凋落物动态与微气候的关联性

宋彦君^1,^2,³, 田文斌⁴, 刘翔宇^1,^2,³, 尹芳^1,^2,³, 程浚洋^1,^2,³, 朱丹妮^1,^2,³, AliARSHAD^1,^2,³, 阎恩荣^1,^2,^3,^*()

¹华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
²浙江普陀山森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 浙江舟山 316100
³浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 浙江宁波 315114
⁴普陀山园林管理中心, 浙江舟山 316100

收稿日期:2016-05-05 接受日期:2016-09-21 出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-25
通讯作者: 阎恩荣
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31270475和31070383)

Associations between litterfall dynamics and micro-climate in forests of Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang, China

Yan-Jun SONG^1,^2,³, Wen-Bin TIAN⁴, Xiang-Yu LIU^1,^2,³, Fang YIN^1,^2,³, Jun-Yang CHENG^1,^2,³, Dan-Ni ZHU^1,^2,³, ARSHAD Ali^1,^2,³, En-Rong YAN^1,^2,^3,^*()

¹School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

²Putuo Forest Ecosystem Research and Observation Station, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316100, China

³Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315114, China
and
⁴Center of Garden Management in Putuoshan, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316100, China

Received:2016-05-05 Accepted:2016-09-21 Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-25
Contact: En-Rong YAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林凋落物动态是森林生态系统过程中的重要组成部分, 探索森林凋落物动态特征与微气候间的关系, 对深入了解生态系统变化过程运行机理具有重要意义。该研究以浙江普陀山岛典型森林类型枫香(Liquidambar formosana)林、天竺桂(Cinnamomum japonicum)+红楠(Machilus thunbergii)林、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林、青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)林、台湾蚊母树(Distylium gracile)林为研究对象, 探究森林凋落量与微气候的关系。结果表明: 1)森林年凋落量介于3.45-5.36 t·hm^-2·a^-1, 年凋落量各组分比例表现出不同的组成特征, 森林类型与森林月凋落量无关。2)森林月凋落量动态模式主要呈双峰型和三峰型, 凋落峰值和风速峰值趋势相一致, 主要集中在台风干扰较大的4、7、12月份。3)冗余分析结果表明, 影响不同组分月凋落量的微气候因子不同: 月总凋落量、叶凋落量、果凋落量和碎屑凋落量的主要控制因素均为空气温度, 随空气温度的升高而增大; 枝凋落量的主要影响因素是森林上层风速, 同样起着显著的正向作用; 花凋落量与空气湿度之间呈负相关关系。森林年凋落量各组分所占比例存在差异, 森林月凋落量和森林类型无关, 主要与空气温度、空气湿度、森林上层风速等微气候因子有关。

关键词: 普陀山岛, 凋落量, 凋落物动态, 冗余分析, 微气候

Abstract:

Aims Seasonal litterfall production plays an important role in the carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. This study examines the effects of micro-environmental factors on seasonal litterfall dynamics in the forests of Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang Province of eastern China.
Methods The study covers five forest types, including Liquidambar formosana forest, Cinnamomum japonicum and Machilus thunbergii forest, Pinus massoniana forest, Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest, and Distylium gracile forest, in Putuoshan Island. We collected micro-meteorological data, and measured monthly litterfall in stands of the five forest types over one year. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to determine the effects of micro-climatic factors on litterfall production．
Important findings The average annual litterfall production ranged from 3.45 to 5.36 t·hm^-2·a^-1across five types of forests, albeit no effect of forest types on the litterfall production. The partitioning of litterfall components differed among the five forest types. The seasonal litterfall production exhibited two contrasting patterns, i.e. double climax curve and triple peaks, and varied significantly among the five forest types. Moreover, the peak in the litterfall production mostly occurred in the windy months of the year, such as in April, July and December, which was consistent with the dynamics of wind speed. RDA results showed that components of litterfall production in different months were controlled by different micro-climatic factors. The total, leaves, fruits, and miscellaneous litterfall productions were directly and positively affected by air temperature. Twig litterfall production was positively affected by the overstory wind velocity. Flower litterfall production was negatively affected by air humidity. In summary, forest types had no effects on litterfall production. However, variations in litterfall productions were explained by air temperature, air humidity, and overstory wind velocity in the forests studied.

Key words: Putuoshan Island, litterfall production, litterfall dynamics, redundancy analysis, micro-climate

宋彦君, 田文斌, 刘翔宇, 尹芳, 程浚洋, 朱丹妮, AliARSHAD, 阎恩荣. 浙江普陀山岛森林凋落物动态与微气候的关联性. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(11): 1154-1163. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0157

Yan-Jun SONG, Wen-Bin TIAN, Xiang-Yu LIU, Fang YIN, Jun-Yang CHENG, Dan-Ni ZHU, ARSHAD Ali, En-Rong YAN. Associations between litterfall dynamics and micro-climate in forests of Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(11): 1154-1163. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0157

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0157

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I11/1154

图/表 5

表1 浙江普陀山岛5种森林类型的样地特征

Table 1 Characteristics of the five forest types in Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang, East China

森林类型 Forest type	年龄 Age (a)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Aspect	群落高度 Community height (m)	盖度 Coverage (%)	优势树种 Dominant tree species
枫香林 Liquidambar formosana forest	50	65	19°	东南 SE	13.5	70	枫香 Liquidambar formosana 麻栎 Quercus acutissima 樟树 Cinnamomum camphora
天竺桂+红楠林 Cinnamomum japonicum+ Machilus thunbergii forest	80	70	15°	西 W	9.5	100	红楠 Machilus thunbergii 天竺桂 Cinnamomum japonicum
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	40	50	14°	东北 NE	13.5	80	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 石栎 Lithocarpus glabra 青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca
青冈林 Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest	60	153	15°	东北 NE	8.5	90	青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glauca 石栎 Lithocarpus glaber
台湾蚊母树林 Distylium gracile forest	160	241	8°	东北 NE	9.6	100	台湾蚊母树 Distylium gracile 铁冬青 Ilex rotunda 红楠 Machilus thunbergii 红山茶 Camellia longicaudata

表2 浙江普陀山岛5种森林凋落物各组分年凋落量(t·hm-2·a-1)及其占总凋落量的比例(括号中的数字为百分比, %)

Table 2 Characteristics of annual productions (t·hm-2·a-1) of different litterfall components of the five forest types in Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang, East China (Data in parentheses are percentages)

群落类型 Community type	组分凋落量及占总凋落量百分比 Component production and percentage over the total
群落类型 Community type	叶 Leaf	枝 Twig	花 Flower	果 Fruit	残体 Miscellaneous
枫香林 Liquidambar formosana forest	2.73 (68.23)	0.35 (8.62)	0.19 (4.83)	0.56 (14.05)	0.17 (4.27)
天竺桂+红楠林 Cinnamomum japonicum + Machilus thunbergii forest	2.96 (77.57)	0.28 (7.38)	0.19 (4.95)	0.18 (4.62)	0.21 (5.47)
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	3.09 (78.50)	0.15 (3.72)	0.17 (4.21)	0.18 (4.49)	0.36 (9.08)
青冈林 Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest	3.22 (82.85)	0.21 (5.48)	0.08 (2.10)	0.08 (2.17)	0.29 (7.40)
台湾蚊母树林 Distylium gracile forest	3.81 (71.08)	0.98 (18.21)	0.06 (1.08)	0.15 (2.78)	0.37 (6.85)

图1 浙江普陀山岛5种森林类型凋落物季节动态。

Fig. 1 Seasonal dynamics of litterfall production of the five forest types in Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang.

图2 浙江普陀山5种森林类型微气候月动态。

Fig. 2 Monthly dynamics of micro-climatic factors across the five forest types in Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang.

图3 浙江普陀山岛森林月总凋落量及各组分与微气候因子的冗余分析。实线向量为微气候因子, 虚线向量为森林月总凋落量及各组分。FL, FR, HA, HS, L, M, T, TA, TW, V1, V2分别代表花、果、空气温度、空气湿度、土壤湿度、叶、碎屑、总凋落量、枝、森林下层风速和森林上层风速。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 3 Redundancy analyses (RDAs) calculated from monthly litterfall production (dash line vectors) in Putuoshan Island of Zhejiang and the monthly air temperature, air humidity, overstory wind velocity (bold line vectors) over one year. FL, flower litterfall production; FR, fruit litterfall production; HA, air humidity; HS, soil humidity; L, leaf litterfall production; M, miscellaneous; T, total litterfall production; TA, air temperature; TW, twig litterfall production; V1, understory wind velocity; V2, overstory wind velocity. *, p < 0.05.

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浙江普陀山岛森林凋落物动态与微气候的关联性

Associations between litterfall dynamics and micro-climate in forests of Putuoshan Island, Zhejiang, China

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