模拟增温改变青藏高原植物繁殖物候及植株高度

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0450

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 995-1004.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0450 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2021.0450

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；青藏高原植物生态学：生态系统生态学；青藏高原植物生态学：种群生态学

模拟增温改变青藏高原植物繁殖物候及植株高度

魏瑶¹^,⁴, 马志远², 周佳颖³, 张振华¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海海北高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 西宁 810008
²北京大学城市与环境学院, 地表过程分析与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100871
³青海大学生态环境工程学院, 西宁 810016
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-12-06 接受日期:2022-04-20 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-10-19
作者简介:*张振华:ORCID:0000-0002-1862-0473(zhenhua@nwipb.cas.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31971467);国家自然科学基金(31630009);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302)

Experimental warming changed reproductive phenology and height of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau

WEI Yao¹^,⁴, MA Zhi-Yuan², ZHOU Jia-Ying³, ZHANG Zhen-Hua¹^,^*()

¹Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
²Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
³College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-12-06 Accepted:2022-04-20 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-10-19
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971467);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630009);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program of China(2019QZKK0302)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化显著影响了高寒植物物候期及生长模式, 从而改变了高寒生态系统功能。而高寒植物物候期和生长状况对气候变化的响应程度, 与其自身资源分配策略有关。为了更好地探究气候变化下高寒植物繁殖物候及生长的规律, 该研究以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象, 按生物量从高到低选取15种常见植物, 其生物量之和占样地总生物量80%以上, 采用红外辐射器模拟增温的方法, 利用同质园实验, 观测无种间竞争条件下, 增温2年间植物返青、现蕾、开花以及结实物候, 并监测了植株高度。研究结果表明: (1)在功能群水平上, 增温使豆科类植物的返青、现蕾和开花时间分别显著提前了(8.21 ± 1.81)、(9.14 ± 2.41)和(10.14 ± 2.05) d, 使其开花持续时间显著延长了(6.14 ± 1.52) d, 而增温对其他功能群物候事件无显著影响。增温对高寒植物物候的影响存在种间及年际间差异, 但总体上增温使大多数高寒植物繁殖物候提前并且开花持续时间延长, 将更多的资源更多地分配到繁殖生长上。(2)增温显著降低了杂类草植物的植株高度(平均降低(3.58 ± 0.96) cm), 但对豆科类、禾草类及莎草类功能群植株高度没有显著影响。增温对高寒植物植株高度的影响存在显著的种间差异以及年际差异。综上所述, 未来气候变暖背景下, 青藏高原高寒植物群落可能更早进入繁殖阶段, 从而降低在营养生长上的资源分配。另外, 由于各物种繁殖能力和营养生长对温度变化响应的差异, 气候变暖将导致高寒植物群落中各物种盖度的变化, 进而改变群落物种组成, 从而影响高寒生态系统的功能。

关键词: 高寒植物, 气候变化, 红外加热, 繁殖物候, 营养生长, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims Climate change is significantly altering the phenology and growth pattern of alpine plants related to their resource allocation strategies, thereby changing the functioning of alpine ecosystems. The aim of this study is to explore responses of reproductive phenology and vegetative growth of alpine plants to climate warming on the Qingzang Plateau.

Methods Experimental warming was achieved using infrared heating. From 2017 to 2018, we measured the reproductive phenology (leaf out, flower bud, flower and fruit time) and maximum height of 15 common alpine plants (account more than 80% of the total above biomass) under non-competitive condition via common garden experiment.

Important findings Our results showed that: (1) Experimental warming significantly advanced the leaf out, flower bud and first flowering day of legumes by (8.21 ± 1.81), (9.14 ± 2.41) and (10.14 ± 2.05) d, respectively. In addition, warming significantly prolonged the flowering duration of legumes by (6.14 ± 1.52) d. This result implied that different functional groups showed different responses under warming. The reproductive phenology of most alpine plants advanced, and the flowering duration was prolonged under warming, suggesting that more resources was allocated to reproductive growth. (2) In addition, experimental warming significantly reduced the height of forbs by (3.58 ± 0.96) cm, but not of other functional groups. Different species have differential responses to warming in different year. In summary, the alpine plant community on the Qingzang Plateau may start the reproductive stage earlier, hence reducing the resource allocation for vegetative growth under future warming conditions. In addition, due to different responses of the reproductive capacity and vegetative growth of various species to temperature change, climate warming may change the coverage of various species, and then alter the composition of species in the community, and then change the function of alpine ecosystem.

Key words: alpine plant, climate change, infrared heating, reproductive phenology, vegetative growth, Qingzang Plateau

魏瑶, 马志远, 周佳颖, 张振华. 模拟增温改变青藏高原植物繁殖物候及植株高度. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(9): 995-1004. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0450

WEI Yao, MA Zhi-Yuan, ZHOU Jia-Ying, ZHANG Zhen-Hua. Experimental warming changed reproductive phenology and height of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(9): 995-1004. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0450

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0450

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I9/995

图/表 4

表1 增温后青藏高原不同功能群高寒植物物候期及高度变化(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Changes of phenological period and height among alpine plants of different functional groups under warming condition on the Qingzang Plateau (mean ± SE)

功能群 Functional group	返青时间 Leaf out time (d)	现蕾时间 Flower bud time (d)	开花时间 Flower time (d)	结实时间 Fruit time (d)	开花持续时间 Flowering time (d)	高度 Height (cm)
豆科类 Legumes	-8.21 ± 1.81^*	-9.14 ± 2.41^*	-10.14 ± 2.05^*	-4.72 ± 1.96	6.14 ± 1.52^*	0.92 ± 0.66
禾草类 Grasses	-1.67 ± 1.59	-6.07 ± 2.18	-0.30 ± 3.17	-0.40 ± 0.99	-0.10 ± 3.71	-1.95 ± 2.05
莎草类 Sedges	1.58 ± 2.25	-4.99 ± 5.02	-7.95 ± 5.74	0.56 ± 3.50	9.72 ± 3.89	0.70 ± 1.86
杂类草 Forbs	-1.08 ± 0.92	-5.25 ± 3.70	-3.04 ± 4.22	-4.64 ± 4.96	-1.31 ± 1.42	-3.58 ± 0.96^*

图1 增温下2017和2018年青藏高原高寒植物各物种返青(A、B)、现蕾(C、D)、开花(E、F)、结实(G、H)时间的变化(平均值±标准误)。图中正、负值分别表示与对照相比推迟、提前的天数; *表示增温处理与对照相比差异显著(p < 0.05)。Cp, 红棕薹草; En, 垂穗披碱草; Gf, 线叶龙胆; Gs, 麻花艽; Ht, 藏异燕麦; Kc, 线叶嵩草; Kh, 矮生嵩草; Mr, 花苜蓿; Ok, 甘肃棘豆; Pp, 草地早熟禾; Pf, 金露梅; Pv, 珠芽蓼; Sa, 异针茅; Sp, 美丽风毛菊; Th, 高山豆。

Fig. 1 Changes of leaf out time (A, B), flower bud time (C, D), flower time (E, F) and fruit time (G, H) among each species of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau in 2017 and 2018 under warming condition (mean ± SE). A positive value indicates later than the control; a negative value indicates earlier than the control. * indicates significant difference between treatment and the control (p < 0.05). Cp, Carex przewalskii; En, Elymus nutans; Gf, Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri; Gs, Gentiana straminea; Ht, Helictotrichon tibeticum; Kc, Kobresia capillifolia; Kh, Kobresia humilis; Mr, Medicago ruthenica; Ok, Oxytropis kansuensis; Pp, Poa pratensis; Pf, Potentilla fruticosa; Pv, Polygonum viviparum; Sa, Stipa aliena; Sp, Saussurea pulchra; Th, Tibetia himalaica.

图2 增温下2017 (A)和2018 (B)年青藏高原高寒植物各物种开花持续时间变化(平均值±标准误)。图中正、负值分别表示与对照相比延长、缩短的天数。*表示增温处理与对照相比差异显著(p < 0.05)。Cp, 红棕薹草; En, 垂穗披碱草; Gf, 线叶龙胆; Gs, 麻花艽; Ht, 藏异燕麦; Kc, 线叶嵩草; Kh, 矮生嵩草; Mr, 花苜蓿; Ok, 甘肃棘豆; Pp, 草地早熟禾; Pf, 金露梅; Pv, 珠芽蓼; Sa, 异针茅; Sp, 美丽风毛菊; Th, 高山豆。

Fig. 2 Changes of flowering time among each species of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau in 2017 (A) and 2018 (B) under warming condition (mean ± SE). A positive value indicates longer flowering time than the control; a negative value indicates shorter flowering time than the control. * indicates significant difference between treatment and the control (p < 0.05). Cp, Carex przewalskii; En, Elymus nutans; Gf, Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri; Gs, Gentiana straminea; Ht, Helictotrichon tibeticum; Kc, Kobresia capillifolia; Kh, Kobresia humilis; Mr, Medicago ruthenica; Ok, Oxytropis kansuensis; Pp, Poa pratensis; Pf, Potentilla fruticosa; Pv, Polygonum viviparum; Sa, Stipa aliena; Sp, Saussurea pulchra; Th, Tibetia himalaica.

图3 增温下2017 (A)和2018 (B)年青藏高原高寒植物各物种植株高度变化(平均值±标准误)。图中正、负值分别表示与对照相比升高、降低的高度。*表示增温处理与对照相比差异显著(p < 0.05)。Cp, 红棕薹草; En, 垂穗披碱草; Gf, 线叶龙胆; Gs, 麻花艽; Ht, 藏异燕麦; Kc, 线叶嵩草; Kh, 矮生嵩草; Mr, 花苜蓿; Ok, 甘肃棘豆; Pp, 草地早熟禾; Pf, 金露梅; Pv, 珠芽蓼; Sa, 异针茅; Sp, 美丽风毛菊; Th, 高山豆。

Fig. 3 Changes of height among each species of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau in 2017 (A) and 2018 (B) under warming condition (mean ± SE). A positive value indicates higher height than the control; a negative value indicates lower height than the control. * indicates significant difference between treatment and the control (p < 0.05). Cp, Carex przewalskii; En, Elymus nutans; Gf, Gentiana lawrencei var. farreri; Gs, Gentiana straminea; Ht, Helictotrichon tibeticum; Kc, Kobresia capillifolia; Kh, Kobresia humilis; Mr, Medicago ruthenica; Ok, Oxytropis kansuensis; Pp, Poa pratensis; Pf, Potentilla fruticosa; Pv, Polygonum viviparum; Sa, Stipa aliena; Sp, Saussurea pulchra; Th, Tibetia himalaica.

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[39]	Zhu JT (2016). Effects of experimental warming on plant reproductive phenology in Xizang alpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 40, 1028-1036. DOI URL
	[朱军涛 (2016). 实验增温对藏北高寒草甸植物繁殖物候的影响. 植物生态学报, 40, 1028-1036.] DOI

模拟增温改变青藏高原植物繁殖物候及植株高度

Experimental warming changed reproductive phenology and height of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau

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