不同配方种衣剂对高寒草地乡土草种种子生长与建植的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子包衣技术是提高极端生境幼苗建植与生长的重要措施, 但现有包衣技术多应用于经济作物。该研究针对青藏高原主要补播草种田间出苗差、建植困难等问题, 设计了养分(N)、微生物菌剂(MC)和生长调节剂(G)等不同配方种衣剂, 分别采用室内盆栽和田间实验评价了不同种衣剂处理对3种禾草种子出苗和生长的影响。室内盆栽结果表明, 养分+菌剂+生长调节剂(NMCG)处理的垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)出苗率优于其他配方, 出苗率较对照(填充剂包衣, CK3)分别提高了27%和44%。养分+菌剂(NMC)处理的垂穗披碱草地上和地下生物量均最高; 复合菌剂(MC2)处理的中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)地上生物量最高, NMC处理的中华羊茅地下生物量最高; NMCG处理的草地早熟禾地上和地下生物量最高。田间实验结果表明, 补播NMCG处理种子后, 恢复草地高度、盖度和地上、地下生物量最高; 其他配方包衣的补播恢复效果也优于原生草地(CK1); 含有微生物菌剂的种衣剂处理, 均显著提高了恢复草地优质牧草比例。综上, NMCG包衣能够显著提高高寒退化草地3种禾草草种的田间建植与表现, 为乡土草种在青藏高原高寒退化草地的高效利用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 草地恢复, 微生物菌剂, 生长调节剂, 碳粉, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims Seed coating is an effective measure to enhance seedling establishment and growth in extreme environment. Currently, seed coating is most commonly used in crops, this study designed multiple seed coating formulations to address poor field emergence and low establishment rates of major reseeding grass species on the Qingzang Plateau. Our work aims to providing technical support for efficient application of native grass species in restoring degraded alpine grasslands on the Qingzang Plateau.

Methods We designed multiple seed coating formulations using different levels of nutrients (N), microbial inoculants (MC), and growth regulators (G). We performed laboratory growth experiment and field experiments to evaluate the effects of different seed coating treatments on the seed emergence and growth of three grass species.

Important findings Emergence rates of Elymus nutans and Poa pratensis treated with microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant + growth regulator (NMCG) were higher than those treated with other formulations. Such a formulation increased the emergence rates by 27% and 44% compared with the control (filler coating, CK3), respectively. Both the aboveground and belowground biomasses of Elymus nutans treated with microbial nutrients + microbial inoculant (NMC) were the highest. The above-ground biomasses of Festuca sinensis treated with compound microbial inoculant (MC2) were the highest, and the below-ground biomasses of Festuca sinensis treated with NMC were the highest. The above-ground and below-ground biomasses of Poa pratensis treated with NMCG were the highest. The field experiment showed grasslands reseeded with seeds treated using NMCG, they had the highest height, coverage, and above-ground/below-ground biomass. The restoration effects of other formula-coated reseeding were also better than those of grassland (CK1). Finally, all coating formulation containing microbial inoculants significantly increased the proportion of high-quality forage grass species in the restored grassland.

Key words: grassland restoration, microbial agents, growth regulators, carbon powder, Qingzang Plateau

王麟, 李雪, 王愉, 王新, 胡小文, 杨梅, 朱剑霄. 不同配方种衣剂对高寒草地乡土草种种子生长与建植的影响. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 118-128. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0155

WANG Lin, LI Xue, WANG Yu, WANG Xin, HU Xiao-Wen, YANG Mei, ZHU Jian-Xiao. Effects of different coating agents on seed growth and planting of native grasses in alpine grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(1): 118-128. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0155

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0155

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/118

图/表 7

表1 添加碳粉对复合微生物菌剂有效菌活性浓度的影响(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Effect of adding carbon powder on the active concentration of effective bacteria in the compound microbial inoculant (mean ± SD)

处理方式 Treatment approach	复合微生物菌剂有效菌活性浓度 Effective active concentration of compound microbial inoculant (×10¹² cfu·mL^-1)
菌剂+养分+生长调节剂 Microbial inoculant + nutrient + growth regulator	3.0 ± 0.4^b
菌剂+养分+生长调节剂+杀菌剂 Microbial inoculant + nutrient + growth regulator + fungicide	2.0 ± 0.8^b
菌剂+碳粉+杀菌剂 Microbial inoculant + carbon powder + fungicide	4.7 ± 1.0^a
菌剂+养分+生长调节剂+碳粉 Microbial inoculant + nutrient + growth regulator + carbon powder	6.2 ± 0.6^a

图1 分层包衣种子切面图。

Fig. 1 Cross-sectional view of layered coated seed.

表2 田间实验各处理种衣剂配方

Table 2 Seed coating formulations for different treatments in field experiments

编号 Number	处理方式 Treatment approach	具体配方 Detailed recipe
CK1	不补播 No reseeding
CK2	不包衣、补播 No seed coating, reseeding
CK3	种子填充剂包衣 Seed coating filler	高岭土 Kaolin
N	复合肥+微肥 Compound fertilizer + microbial fertilizers	农用复合肥2.5%、微肥0.1% Agricultural compound fertilizer 2.5%, microbial fertilizers 0.1%
G	生长调节剂 Growth regulator	赤霉素+水杨酸+吲哚乙酸(等比) 1% Gibberellin + salicylic acid + 3-indoleacetic acid (equal ratio) 1%
MC1	单一微生物菌剂+碳粉 Single-strain microbial inoculant + carbon powder	蕈状芽孢杆菌5%、碳粉5% Bacillus mycelioides 5%, carbon powder 5%
MC2	复合微生物菌剂+碳粉 Compound microbial inoculant + carbon powder	复合微生物菌剂5%、碳粉5% Compound microbial inoculant 5%, carbon powder 5%
NMC	复合肥+微肥+复合微生物菌剂+碳粉 Compound fertilizer + microbial fertilizers + compound microbial agents + carbon powder	农用复合肥2.5%、微肥0.1%、复合微生物菌剂5%、碳粉5% Agricultural compound fertilizer 2.5%, microbial fertilizers 0.1%, compound microbial inoculant 5%, carbon powder 5%
NMCG	复合肥+微肥+复合微生物菌剂+生长调节剂+碳粉 Compound fertilizer + microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant + growth regulator + carbon powder	农用复合肥2.5%、微肥0.1%、赤霉素+水杨酸+吲哚乙酸(等比) 1%、复合微生物菌剂5%、碳粉5% Agricultural compound fertilizer 2.5%, microbial fertilizers 0.1%, gibberellin + salicylic acid + 3 - indoleacetic acid (equal ratio) 1%, compound microbial inoculant 5%, carbon powder 5%

图2 不同配方种衣剂处理下的3种禾草出苗率(平均值±标准差)。A, 垂穗披碱草。B, 中华羊茅。C, 草地早熟禾。不同小写字母表示14天出苗率在不同配方之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK2, 裸种; CK3, 种子填充剂包衣; G, 生长调节剂; MC1, 单一菌剂; MC2, 复合菌剂; N, 复合肥; NMC, 养分+菌剂; NMCG, 养分+菌剂+生长调节剂。

Fig. 2 Germination rates of three types of grasses under different seed dressing formulations (mean ± SD). A, Elymus nutans. B, Festuca sinensis. C, Poa pratensis. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the 14-day seedling emergence rates among different formulations (p < 0.05). CK2, no seed coating; CK3, seed coating fillers; G, growth regulator; MC1, single-strain microbial inoculant; MC2, compound microbial inoculant; N, compound fertilizer; NMC, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant; NMCG, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant + growth regulator.

图3 3种禾草地上生物量和地下生物量(平均值±标准差)。A, 垂穗披碱草。B, 中华羊茅。C, 草地早熟禾。不同小写字母表示地上/地下生物量在不同配方之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK3, 种子填充剂包衣; G, 生长调节剂; MC1, 单一菌剂; MC2, 复合菌剂; N, 复合肥; NMC, 养分+菌剂; NMCG, 养分+菌剂+生长调节剂。

Fig. 3 Aboveground and belowground biomass of three types of grasslands (mean ± SD). A, Elymus nutans. B, Festuca sinensis. C, Poa pratensis. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in aboveground/belowground biomass among different formulations (p < 0.05). CK3, seed coating fillers; G, growth regulator; MC1, single-strain microbial inoculant; MC2, compound microbial inoculant; N, compound fertilizer; NMC, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant; NMCG, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant + growth regulator.

图4 不同配方种衣剂处理后补播草地盖度、高度、地上生物量和地下生物量(平均值±标准差)。A, 高度。B, 盖度。C, 地上生物量。D, 地下生物量。不同小写字母表示各指标在不同配方之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。虚线表示均值, 实线表示中位数。CK1, 不补播; CK2, 裸种; CK3, 种子填充剂包衣; G, 生长调节剂; MC1, 单一菌剂; MC2, 复合菌剂; N, 复合肥; NMC, 养分+菌剂; NMCG, 养分+菌剂+生长调节剂。

Fig. 4 Coverage, height, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass of reseeded grassland after treatment with different seed coating formulations (mean ± SD). A, Height. B, Coverage. C, Aboveground biomass. D, Belowground biomass. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the indicators among different formulations (p < 0.05). The dotted line represents the mean, and the solid line represents the median. CK1, no reseeding; CK2, no seed coating; CK3, seed coating fillers; G, growth regulator; MC1, single-strain microbial inoculant; MC2, compound microbial inoculant; N, compound fertilizer; NMC, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant; NMCG, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant + growth regulator.

图5 不同配方种衣剂处理后补播草地各功能群盖度相对贡献。A, 菌剂作用。B, 菌剂、复合肥和生长调节剂作用。不同小写字母表示各指标在不同配方之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK1, 不补播; MC1, 单一菌剂; MC2, 复合菌剂; NMC, 养分+菌剂; NMCG, 养分+菌剂+生长调节剂。

Fig. 5 Contribution to community coverage by plant functional groups and seed coating formulations. A, Role of microbial agent. B, Roles of microbial agent, compound fertilizer and growth regulator. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in various indicators among different formulations (p < 0.05). CK1, no reseeding; MC1, single-strain microbial inoculant; MC2, compound microbial inoculant; NMC, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant; NMCG, microbial fertilizers + compound microbial inoculant + growth regulator.

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