不同地下水埋深条件下胡杨和多枝柽柳的径向生长对气候变化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0192

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 1890-1906.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0192 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0192

所属专题：虚拟专辑 | 干旱响应与适应 | 整合生物学期刊集群跨刊组建

不同地下水埋深条件下胡杨和多枝柽柳的径向生长对气候变化的响应

鲁浩斐¹^,³^,⁴, 戴岳²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), 安外尔·阿卜杜热伊木¹^,³^,⁴, 叶转兄¹^,³^,⁴

¹新疆大学生态与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046
²新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院乌鲁木齐 830046
³塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地绿洲过程新疆野外科学观测研究站, 新疆于田 848400
⁴新疆绿洲生态自治区重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2024-06-11 接受日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-20
通讯作者: *戴岳(daiyue@xju.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32160260);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”科技创新领军人才(2024TSYCLJ0006)

Radial growth of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in response to climate change at different groundwater depths at the hinterland of Taklamakan Desert, China

LU Hao-Fei¹^,³^,⁴, DAI Yue²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), Anwaier ABUDUREYIMU¹^,³^,⁴, YE Zhuan-Xiong¹^,³^,⁴

¹College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China
²College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China
³Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for the Oasisization Process in the Hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert, Yutian, Xinjiang 848400, China
⁴Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ürümqi 830046, China

Received:2024-06-11 Accepted:2025-01-09 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160260);“Tianshan Talents” Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024TSYCLJ0006)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 位于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲的胡杨(Populus euphratica)和多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)是该地区的优势物种, 随着中国西北地区的气候暖湿化, 该地区胡杨和多枝柽柳的径向生长与气候变化的关系并不明确。为确定不同地下水埋深条件下胡杨和多枝柽柳径向生长的限制因素, 并研究其生长-气候关系在气候暖湿化条件下的敏感性, 该研究在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的达理雅博依绿洲两个不同的地下水埋深采样点(1.0、4.4 m)对胡杨和多枝柽柳的年轮样本进行取样, 并建立标准年表。通过分析这两个树种的树轮宽度指数和径流量以及气候因子(气温、降水量和帕尔默干旱指数(PDSI))的相关关系, 探讨了胡杨和多枝柽柳对气候变化的响应特征。结果表明: 不同地下水埋深条件下, 胡杨和多枝柽柳对气候因子的响应不同。地下水埋深1.0 m条件下, 胡杨径向生长与上一年4月和当年4月的降水量显著正相关; 多枝柽柳径向生长与上一年6月的径流量和当年2月降水量显著正相关, 与上一年12月气温显著负相关。地下水埋深4.4 m条件下, 胡杨径向生长与上一年1月和当年1月的气温显著正相关, 与上一年1月至当年6月和当年8-9月的PDSI显著正相关; 多枝柽柳径向生长与上一年6月径流量、9月气温和12月降水量显著正相关, 与当年4月气温显著正相关。滑动相关分析表明, 塔克拉玛干沙漠的气候暖湿化背景下, 地下水埋深1.0 m条件下的胡杨径向生长与径流量(1-3月)的正响应减弱; 多枝柽柳对上一年4月的降水量和上一年1-2月径流量正响应增强。在地下水埋深4.4 m条件下, 胡杨的径向生长对上一年4-5月、7-8月以及当年4-5月、7-8月气温的响应从正相关转变为显著负相关, 对PDSI的响应从显著正相关转变为不显著相关; 多枝柽柳径向生长对降水量和PDSI的响应由负相关转变为正相关。胡杨在地下水埋深4.4 m环境中更依赖于长期气候因子, 而多枝柽柳则对短期水文因子表现出较高的敏感性。该研究在西北地区气候暖湿化的背景下, 通过研究胡杨和多枝柽柳径向生长对不同气候因子的响应, 为塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲的生态保护与历史气候重建研究提供参考。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 树木年轮, 帕尔默干旱指数, 径流, 绿洲

Abstract:

Aims Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima are two dominant species in the Daliyaboyi oasis, located at the tail of the Keriya River in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert. Against the backdrop of a warming and wetting climate trend in Northwest China, the relationship between the radial growth of these two species and climate change remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the limiting factors for the radial growth of P. euphraticaand T. ramosissima and to examine the characteristics of their growth-climate relationships in the conditions of a warming and wetting climate.

Methods Tree-ring samples of P. euphraticaand T. ramosissima were collected from two sites with different groundwater depths (1.0 m and 4.4 m) at the Daliyaboyi oasis. Standard chronologies were established for the two species, and the relationships between tree-ring width index and runoff and climatic factors for both species were analyzed. The differences in the climate responses of these two species were also explored.

Important findings The results indicated that P. euphratica and T. ramosissima with different groundwater depths have different responses to climate factors. With a groundwater depth of 1.0 m, the radial growth of P. euphratica was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation in April of the previous year and April of the current year. Meanwhile, the radial growth of T. ramosissima was significantly and positively correlated with runoff in June of the previous year and precipitation in February of the current year, and was significantly and negatively correlated with air temperature in December of the previous year. With a groundwater depth of 4.4 m, the radial growth of P. euphratica was significantly and positively correlated with air temperatures in January of the previous year and January of the current year, as well as with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from January of the previous year to June of the current year and from August to September of the current year. Meanwhile, the radial growth of T. ramosissima was significantly and positively correlated with runoff in June of the previous year, temperatures in September of the previous year, and precipitation in December of the previous year, as well as with temperatures in April of the current year. Sliding correlation analysis suggested that, under the influence of climate warming and wetting in the Taklamakan Desert, the positive response of P. euphratica radial growth to runoff factors (January to March) weakened at a groundwater depth of 1.0 m. In contrast, T. ramosissima showed an increased positive response to precipitation in April of the previous year and runoff from January to February of the previous year. With a groundwater depth of 4.4 m, the radial growth of P. euphratica showed a shift from a positive to a significant negative correlation with air temperature during April to May and July to August of the previous year, as well as during April to May and July to August of the current year, and the relationship between radial growth of P. euphratica to PDSI changed from significant positive correlation to non-significant correlation. The relationship between radial growth of T. ramosissima and precipitation and PDSI changed from negative correlation to positive correlation. In conclusion, P. euphratica demonstrates greater dependence on long-term climate factors at the deep groundwater depth, while T. ramosissima is more sensitive to short-term hydrological factors.

Key words: Taklamakan Desert, tree ring, Palmer Drought Severity Index, runoff, oasis

鲁浩斐, 戴岳, 安外尔·阿卜杜热伊木, 叶转兄. 不同地下水埋深条件下胡杨和多枝柽柳的径向生长对气候变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(11): 1890-1906. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0192

LU Hao-Fei, DAI Yue, Anwaier ABUDUREYIMU, YE Zhuan-Xiong. Radial growth of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in response to climate change at different groundwater depths at the hinterland of Taklamakan Desert, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(11): 1890-1906. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0192

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0192

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I11/1890

图/表 14

图1 达理雅博依绿洲影像图(A)及采样点分布。B, 地下水埋深1.0 m样地照片。C, 地下水埋深4.4 m样地照片。

Fig. 1 Image of the Daliyaboyi Oasis (A) and distribution of the sampling sites. B, Photograph of the sampling site with a groundwater depth of 1.0 m. C, Photograph of the sampling site with a groundwater depth of 4.4 m.

图2 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地达理雅博依绿洲1960-2021年平均月降水量和气温。

Fig. 2 Monthly average precipitation and temperature from 1960 to 2021 at the Daliyaboyi Oasis, in the hinterland of the Taklamakan Desert, Xinjiang, China

表1 胡杨和多枝柽柳年轮采样点信息

Table 1 Vegetation inventory characteristics for the Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima community at two sample sites with different groundwater depth

地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	林分类型 Stands type	树种组成(胡杨 /多枝柽柳) Tree (P. euphratica/ T. ramosissima) (%)	胡杨胸径 Average DBH of Populus euphratica (cm)	树高(胡杨/多枝柽柳) Average height (P. euphratica/ T. ramosissima) (m)	冠径(胡杨/多枝柽柳) Average crown width (P. euphratica/ T. ramosissima) (m)
1.0	38.42° N 81.93° E	1 176	胡杨×多枝柽柳 P. euphratica × T. ramosissima	30/70	33.9	8.0/3.1	4.7/3.5
4.4	38.42° N 81.90° E	1 181	胡杨×多枝柽柳 P. euphratica × T. ramosissima	37/63	27.5	8.7/2.5	4.9/3.0

图3 达理雅博依绿洲1960-2021年平均径流量和气候因子的突变检验。APDSI, 年平均帕尔默干旱指数; APRE, 平均年降水量; ARO, 年径流量; ATEMP, 年平均气温; Breakpoint line, pettitt检验突变点年份; maxTEMP, 年最高气温; minTEMP, 年最低气温; Main Sequence, 标准化气候数据的主序列。

Fig. 3 Abrupt change in the detection of annual average runoff and climate factors in the Daliyaboyi Oasis from 1960-2021. APDSI, annual average Palmer Drought Severity Index; APRE, annual average precipitation; ARO, annual runoff; ATEMP, annual average temperature; Breakpoint line, year of breakpoint detected by a Pettitt’s test; maxTEMP, annual maximum temperature; minTEMP, annual minimum temperature; Main Sequence, main sequence of standardized climate data.

表2 胡杨和多枝柽柳的标准化年表主要统计特征

Table 2 Statistical characteristics of the standardized annual rings of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima

地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	物种 Species	时段 Span	样芯间平均相关系数 Mean interseries correlation (MC)	平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity (MS)	标准差 Standard deviation (SD)	一阶自相关 First order auto-correlation (AC1)	样本总体代表性 Express population signal (EPS)	信噪比 Signal to noise ratio (SNR)
1.0	胡杨 P. euphratica	1987-2021	0.633	0.304	0.472	0.708	0.869	6.609
1.0	多枝柽柳 T. ramosissima	1935-2021	0.548	0.314	0.363	0.397	0.952	19.685
4.4	胡杨 P. euphratica	1966-2021	0.724	0.291	0.374	0.593	0.840	5.241
4.4	多枝柽柳 T. ramosissima	1969-2021	0.349	0.214	0.285	0.322	0.910	10.078

图4 地下水埋深1.0 m (A)与4.4 m (B)条件下胡杨(Pe)和多枝柽柳(Tr)的树轮宽度标准年表与样本数量。

Fig. 4 Standardized chronologies of the widths of annual rings and the sample size of Populus euphratica (Pe) and Tamarix ramosissima (Tr) under groundwater depths of 1.0 m (A) and 4.4 m (B).

图5 胡杨和多枝柽柳的树轮宽度指数和径流量及月度气候因子的相关性。A、B, 地下水埋深1.0 m条件下的胡杨和多枝柽柳。C、D, 地下水埋深4.4 m条件下的胡杨和多枝柽柳。P1-P12表示上一年的1月至12月; T1-T10表示当年1月至10月; PDSI, 帕尔默干旱指数; PRE, 月降水量; RO, 月径流量; TEMP, 月平均气温。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 5 Correlation between the tree ring indices of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima with runoff and monthly climate factors. A, P. euphratica at a groundwater depth of 1.0 m. B, T. ramosissima at a groundwater depth of 1.0 m. C, P. euphratica at a groundwater depth of 4.4 m. D, T. ramosissima at a groundwater depth of 4.4 m. P1-P12, January to December of the previous year; T1-T10, January to October of the current year; PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index; PRE, monthly precipitation; RO, monthly runoff; TEMP, monthly average temperature. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图6 不同地下水埋深条件下径流量与气候因子对胡杨(Pe)和多枝柽柳(Tr)径向生长的解释率。PDSI, 帕尔默干旱指数; PRE, 月降水量; RO, 月径流量; TEMP, 月平均气温。

Fig. 6 Contribution rate of runoff and climate factors to the radial growth of Populus euphratica (Pe) and Tamarix ramosissima (Tr) under different groundwater depths. PDSI, Palmer Drought Severity Index; PRE, monthly precipitation; RO, monthly runoff; TEMP, monthly average temperature.

表3 随机森林-XGBoost集成模型和Mann-Whitney U检验的主要统计特征

Table 3 Main statistical characteristics of the Random Forest-XGBoost ensemble model and the Mann-Whitney U test

地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	物种 Species	径流 RO	气温 TEMP	降水 PRE	干旱指数 PDSI	总解释方差 TEV (%)	决定系数 R²	均方误差 MSE
		解释方差百分比 Percentage of variance explained (%) (1960-2021)
4.4	胡杨 Pe	7.84	8.41	5.50	48.86	70.60	0.969	0.004
1.0	多枝柽柳 Tr	30.44	17.04	16.64	11.95	76.08	0.967	0.004
4.4	多枝柽柳 Tr	30.47	21.85	16.40	5.03	73.75	0.967	0.003
		解释方差百分比 Percentage of variance explained (%) (1987-2021)
1.0	胡杨 Pe	9.76	13.74	29.17	25.18	77.86	0.961	0.009
4.4	胡杨 Pe	12.17	34.77	8.54	15.53	71.00	0.970	0.004
1.0	多枝柽柳 Tr	27.08	11.05	16.11	17.71	71.95	0.968	0.004
4.4	多枝柽柳 Tr	37.51	17.43	9.18	11.52	75.64	0.965	0.002
		p (Mann-Whitney U)
4.4	胡杨 Pe	0.681 2	0.001 5	0.296 2	0.000 1	/	/	/
1.0	多枝柽柳 Tr	0.533 9	0.235 9	0.254 9	0.162 5	/	/	/
4.4	多枝柽柳 Tr	0.597 4	0.549 5	0.018 3	0.459 7	/	/	/

图7 地下水埋深1.0 m条件下胡杨的树轮宽度指数对逐年月径流量和月度气候因子的滑动响应分析。PDSI, 帕尔默干旱指数; PRE, 月降水量; RO, 月径流量; TEMP, 月平均气温。P1-P12表示上一年的1月至12月; T1-T10表示当年1月至10月。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 7 Analysis of the sliding response of the tree ring width index of Populus euphratica to the monthly runoff and climatic factors at a groundwater depth of 1.0 m. PDSI, monthly palmer drought standard index; PRE, monthly precipitation; RO, monthly runoff; TEMP, monthly mean temperature. P1-P12, January to December of the previous year; T1-T10, January to October of the current year. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图8 地下水埋深4.4 m条件下胡杨的树轮宽度指数对逐年月径流量和月度气候因子的滑动响应分析。PDSI, 帕尔默干旱指数; PRE, 月降水量; RO, 月径流量; TEMP, 月平均气温。P1-P12表示上一年的1月至12月; T1-T10表示当年1月至10月。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 8 Analysis of the sliding response of the tree ring width index of Populus euphratica to monthly runoff and climatic factors at a groundwater depth of 4.4 m. PDSI, monthly palmer drought standard index; PRE, monthly precipitation; RO, monthly runoff; TEMP, monthly mean temperature. P1-P12, January to December of the previous year; T1-T10, January to October of the current year. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图9 地下水埋深1.0 m条件下多枝柽柳的树轮宽度指数对逐年月径流量和月度气候因子的滑动响应分析。PDSI, 帕尔默干旱指数; PRE, 月降水量; RO, 月径流量; TEMP, 月平均气温。P1-P12表示上一年的1月至12月; T1-T10表示当年1月至10月。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 9 Analysis of the sliding response of the tree ring width index of Tamarix ramosissima to monthly runoff and climatic factors at a groundwater depth of 1.0 m. PDSI, monthly palmer drought standard index; PRE, monthly precipitation; RO, monthly runoff; TEMP, monthly mean temperature. P1-P12, January to December of the previous year; T1-T10, January to October of the current year. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图10 地下水埋深4.4 m条件下多枝柽柳的树轮宽度指数对逐年月径流量和月度气候因子的滑动响应分析。PDSI, 帕尔默干旱指数; PRE, 月降水量; RO, 月径流量; TEMP, 月平均气温。P1-P12表示上一年的1月至12月; T1-T10表示当年1月至10月。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 10 Analysis of the sliding response of tree ring width index of Tamarix ramosissima to monthly runoff and climatic factors at groundwater depth of 1.0 m. PDSI, monthly palmer drought standard index; PRE, monthly precipitation; RO, monthly runoff; TEMP, monthly mean temperature. P1-P12 represent January to December of the previous year; T1-T10 represent January to October of the current year. *, p < 0.05.

图11 胡杨和多枝柽柳的树轮宽度指数对径流量和气候因子的滑动响应。APDSI, 年平均帕尔默干旱指数; APRE, 年降水量; ARO, 年径流量; ATEMP, 年平均气温; maxTEMP, 年最高气温; minTEMP, 年最低气温。

Fig. 11 Sliding response of the tree ring width indices of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima to runoff and climate factors. APDSI, annual palmer drought standard index; APRE, annual precipitation; ARO, annual runoff; ATEMP, annual mean temperature; maxTEMP, annual maximum temperature; minTEMP, annual minimum temperature. GWD, ground water depth.

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不同地下水埋深条件下胡杨和多枝柽柳的径向生长对气候变化的响应

Radial growth of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima in response to climate change at different groundwater depths at the hinterland of Taklamakan Desert, China

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