植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 513-525.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0024  cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0024

• 综述 •    下一篇

陆地植物排放氧化亚氮的研究进展

蒋晓玉1,2, 于欣淼1,2, 廖琴1, 张金伟3, 吴雪峰4, 王旭1, 潘俊彤1, 王俊锋1,2, 穆春生1,2, 石玉杰1,2,*()()   

  1. 1东北师范大学植被生态科学教育部重点实验室, 东北师范大学生命科学学院, 长春 130022
    2吉林松嫩草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 吉林松原 131500
    3东北农业大学动物科学技术学院, 哈尔滨 150006
    4重庆市质量和标准化研究院, 重庆 400023
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-24 接受日期:2024-10-09 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-04-18
  • 通讯作者: * (shiyj455@nenu.edu.cn)
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省自然科学基金(20240101027JJ);国家自然科学基金(32201365)

Studies on the emission of nitrous oxide from terrestrial plants

JIANG Xiao-Yu1,2, YU Xin-Miao1,2, LIAO Qin1, ZHANG Jin-Wei3, WU Xue-Feng4, WANG Xu1, PAN Jun-Tong1, WANG Jun-Feng1,2, MU Chun-Sheng1,2, SHI Yu-Jie1,2,*()()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecological Science, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130022, China
    2Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Songyuan, Jilin 131500, China
    3College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, China
    4Chongqing Institute of Quality and Standardization, Chongqing 400023, China
  • Received:2024-01-24 Accepted:2024-10-09 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-04-18
  • Contact: * (shiyj455@nenu.edu.cn)
  • Supported by:
    Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20240101027JJ);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201365)

摘要:

氧化亚氮(N2O)是具有强增温效应的温室气体, 也是破坏大气臭氧层的主要物质, 对气候变化有强烈的反馈作用。植物是陆地生态系统中除土壤外另一重要的N2O排放源, 近年来受到广泛关注。该文基于国内外现有研究成果, 综述了陆地植物排放N2O相关研究方法、机制及影响因素。现有研究主要通过原位和离体采集两种方法测定植物N2O排放量变化。陆地植物排放N2O有如下潜在机制: 1)植物体在氮代谢过程中产生N2O; 2)植物体内或体表微生物活动产生N2O; 3)植物作为土壤N2O通道, 在气体交换过程中充当媒介作用。植物排放N2O与自身因素和外界因素有关, 自身因素包括植物物种、同一植物的不同器官和不同发育时期等; 外界因素包括光照、温度、水分、养分和微生物等。但当前仍缺少关于其具体机制的深入剖析。因此, 结合宏基因组技术测定不同土壤环境条件下的植物微生物基因组, 分析其微生物群落结构, 阐释植物排放N2O在不同生境间差异的微生物机理; 结合宏转录组技术测定植物组织中的总RNA, 分析N2O排放相关基因在不同环境条件下的表达变化; 并利用同位素标记技术追踪植物体氮代谢过程, 进一步揭示植物N2O通量变化的机理, 这对补充和完善全球气候变化“Ecosys”等N2O预测模型有重要意义, 并为温室气体减排措施的制定提供理论参考。

关键词: 温室气体, 植物N2O通量, 排放机制, 影响因素, 研究方法

Abstract:

As a greenhouse gas with a strong warming effect, nitrous oxide (N2O) is also one of the main substances which destroy the atmospheric ozone layer, with a strong feedback effect on climate change. Plants are another important source of N2O emissions in terrestrial ecosystems besides soil, and related studies have received extensive attention in recent years. Based on the existing research results, the related research methods, mechanisms and their influencing factors on N2O emissions from terrestrial plants are summarized in this study. Existing studies have mainly determined the changes in N2O emission from plants by in situ and in vitro methods. The potential mechanisms for N2O emission from terrestrial plants are as follows: 1) the plant produces N2O during nitrogen metabolism; 2) microbial activities in or on the surface of the plant produce N2O; and 3) the plant acts as a soil N2O channel during the gas exchange process. The N2O emissions from plant are related to internal and external factors. The internal factors include plant species, different organs of the same plant and different developmental periods, etc.; external factors include light, temperature, water, nutrients and microorganisms. However, there is still a lack of in-depth analysis on the specific mechanisms. Therefore, combining metagenomic technology to determine plant microbial genomes under different soil environmental conditions, and analyzing their microbial community structure were applied to elucidate the microbial mechanisms underlying the flux differences of N2O emissions from plants in different habitats. The metatranscriptome technology was used to determine total RNA in plant tissues and analyze the expression abundance changes of N2O emission related genes under different environmental conditions. And isotope labeling technology was further used to track the nitrogen metabolism process of plants and reveal the mechanism of N2O flux changes in plants. These results are of great significance for supplementing and improving N2O prediction models such as “Ecosys” for global climate change, which provide theoretical reference for the formulation of greenhouse gas emission reduction measures.

Key words: greenhouse gases, plants N2O flux, emission mechanisms, influencing factors, research method