不同林型下杜香生理生化特性与适应性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0137

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为全面探讨杜香在不同林型下的生理生态特性及适应性, 该研究探讨了4种林型(白桦(Betula platyphylla)林、落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林、白桦与落叶松的针阔混交林以及偃松(Pinus pumila)林)下杜香(Rhododendron tomentosum)的生理生化特性及其适应性, 并对各林型下杜香进行模糊综合评价。结果表明, 不同林型对杜香的光合生理特性具有显著影响。在白桦林下, 杜香表现出较强的光合能力, 其光合色素含量高, 同时具有较高的抗氧化酶活性, 总多酚及总黄酮含量相对较高, 体现出强大的光合生长和抗逆能力, 说明该林型下杜香适应性较强。针阔混交林和落叶松林下杜香具有较高的挥发油含量, 其余指标处于适中水平, 其适应性适中。而在偃松林中, 杜香的光合能力弱, 抗氧化酶活性低, 但其总多酚和总黄酮及花青素含量高, 对高寒环境表现出一定的适应能力。该研究为深入了解杜香在不同林型下的生长规律和适应性机制提供了理论基础, 同时也为杜香的生态保护、资源利用和林业生产等方面提供理论支持和实践指导。

关键词: 杜香, 林型, 生理生化特性, 相关性分析, 适应性

Abstract:

Aims To comprehensively explore the physiological and ecological characteristics and adaptability of Rhododendron tomentosum in different forest types.
Methods This study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics and adaptability of R. tomentosum in four forest types (Betula platyphyllaforest, Larix gmeliniiforest, Pinus pumila forest and mixed coniferous broadleaf forest of B. platyphylla and L. gmelinii), and conducted a fuzzy evaluation for each forest type.
Important findings The results showed that different forest types had significant effects on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of R. tomentosum. In B. platyphylla forest, R. tomentosum showed strong photosynthetic ability, high photosynthetic pigment content, high antioxidant enzyme activity, relatively high total polyphenols and total flavonoids content, and strong photosynthetic growth and stress resistance, indicating that R. tomentosum was better adapted to this forest type. In mixed coniferous broadleaf forest and L. gmelini forest, R. tomentosum had high volatile oil content, and the rest of the indexes were in the moderate level, and the thus adaptability was moderate. However, in P. pumila forest, the photosynthetic capacity of R. tomentosum was weak, the antioxidant enzyme activity was low, but its total polyphenols and total flavonoids and anthocyanins contents were high, which showed a certain degree of adaptability to adapt to the high alpine environment. This study provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of the growth pattern and adaptive mechanism of R. tomentosum under different forest types, and also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the ecological protection, resource utilization and forestry production of R. tomentosum.

Key words: Rhododendron tomentosum, forest type, physiological and biochemical properties, correlation analysis, adaptability

邱志濠, 赵亭亭, 张庆芬, 刘佳怡, 苑晓彤, 杨逢建. 不同林型下杜香生理生化特性与适应性. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(7): 1144-1155. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0137

QIU Zhi-Hao, ZHAO Ting-Ting, ZHANG Qing-Fen, LIU Jia-Yi, YUAN Xiao-Tong, YANG Feng-Jian. Physiological and biochemical properties of Rhododendron tomentosum under different forest types and its adaptability. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(7): 1144-1155. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0137

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0137

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I7/1144

图/表 9

表1 大兴安岭呼中区杜香样地基本信息

Table 1 Basic information about Rhododendron tomentosum site in Huzhong district of Da Hinggan Ling region

	林分 Forest stand		地形 Topography				土壤类型 Soil type
		林龄 Forest age (a)	郁闭度 Canopy closure	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡位 Slope position	坡向 Aspect	土壤类型 Soil type	坡度 Slope (°)
落叶松林 Larix gmelinii forest	90-120	0.50	580	谷底 Valley floor	东北 Northeast	7	表潜棕色针叶林土 Surface-gleyed brown coniferous forest soils
针阔混交林 Mixed coniferous broadleaf forest	90-120	0.52	532	山腰 Mountain side	东北 Northeast	4	典型棕色针叶林土 Brown coniferous forest soils
白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	60-90	0.40	565	山顶 Mountain top	东北 Northeast	11	典型棕色针叶林土 Brown coniferous forest soils
偃松林 Pinus pumila forest	60-90	0.50	1 400	山顶 Mountain top	东北 Northeast	9	漂灰土 Bleached podzolic soils

图1 各林型样地杜香生物量(A)与根冠比(B) (平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示林型间差异显著(p < 0.05)。BLR, 白桦与落叶松针阔混交林; BR, 白桦林; LR, 落叶松林; PR, 偃松林。

Fig. 1 Biomass (A) and root-shoot ratio (B) of Rhododendron tomentosum under each forest type (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among forest types (p < 0.05). BLR, Betula platyphylla - Larix gmelinii mixed forest; BR, Betula platyphylla forest; LR, Larix gmelinii forest; PR, Pinus pumila forest.

图2 各林型杜香光合速率-光响应曲线(平均值±标准差)。BLR, 白桦与落叶松针阔混交林; BR, 白桦林; LR, 落叶松林; PR, 偃松林。

Fig. 2 Photosynthesis rate-light response curves of Rhododendron tomentosum in each forest type (mean ± SD). BLR, Betula platyphylla - Larix gmelinii mixed forest; BR, Betula platyphylla forest; LR, Larix gmelinii forest; PR, Pinus pumila forest.

图3 各林型杜香蒸腾速率(Tr) (A)、水分利用率(WUE) (B)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci) (C)和气孔导度(Gs) (D)的光响应曲线(平均值±标准差)。BLR, 白桦与落叶松针阔混交林; BR, 白桦林; LR, 落叶松林; PR, 偃松林。

Fig. 3 Light response curves of transpiration rate (Tr) (A), water use efficiency (WUE) (B), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (C), and stomatal conductance (Gs) (D) of Rhododendron tomentosum of each forest type (mean ± SD). BLR, Betula platyphylla - Larix gmelinii mixed forest; BR, Betula platyphylla forest; LR, Larix gmelinii forest; PR, Pinus pumila forest.

表2 不同林型下杜香光合特征参数(平均值±标准差)

Table 2 Photosynthetic characteristic parameters of Rhododendron tomentosum under different forest types (mean ± SD)

林型 Forest type	LCP (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	AQY	R_d (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	P_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
LR	11.102 ± 0.928^c	0.018 ± 0.003^b	0.300 ± 0.067^b	7.367 ± 0.435^b
BLR	39.526 ± 1.434^b	0.019 ± 0.000^b	0.319 ± 0.035^b	8.665 ± 0.626^b
BR	50.315 ± 1.067^a	0.024 ± 0.005^a	0.697 ± 0.026^a	9.476 ± 0.405^a
PR	3.764 ± 0.492^d	0.011 ± 0.002^c	0.172 ± 0.024^c	4.867 ± 0.163^c

图4 各林型杜香叶片光合色素含量(A)、色素比(B)、酶活性(C)、丙二醛(MDA)含量(D) (平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示林型间差异显著(p < 0.05)。BLR, 白桦与落叶松针阔混交林; BR, 白桦林; LR, 落叶松林; PR, 偃松林。CAT, 过氧化氢酶; POD, 过氧化物酶; SOD, 超氧化物歧化酶。

Fig. 4 Photosynthetic pigment content (A), photosynthetic pigment ratio (B), enzyme activity (C), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (D) of Rhododendron tomentosum leaves of each forest type (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between forest types (p < 0.05). BLR, Betula platyphylla - Larix gmelinii mixed forest; BR, Betula platyphylla forest; LR, Larix gmelinii forest; PR, Pinus pumila forest. CAT, catalase; POD, peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

图5 各林型下杜香总多酚、总黄酮、挥发油含量(A)及花青素含量(B) (平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示林型间差异显著(p < 0.05)。BLR, 白桦与落叶松针阔混交林; BR, 白桦林; LR, 落叶松林; PR, 偃松林。

Fig. 5 Contents of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins (A) and volatile oils (B) of Rhododendron tomentosum under each forest type (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between forest types (p < 0.05). BLR, Betula platyphylla - Larix gmelinii mixed forest; BR, Betula platyphylla forest; LR, Larix gmelinii forest; PR, Pinus pumila forest.

图6 各林型下杜香各生理生化指标相关性分析。Ant, 花青素含量; Car, 类胡萝卜素含量; CAT, 过氧化氢酶活性; Chl a, 叶绿素a含量; Chl b, 叶绿素b含量; Chl T, 总叶绿素含量; Ci, 胞间CO2浓度; Gs, 气孔导度; MDA, 丙二醛含量; Pn, 净光合速率; POD, 过氧化物酶活性; R/S, 根冠比; SOD, 超氧化物歧化酶活性; TB, 总生物量; TFC, 总黄酮含量; TPC, 总多酚含量; Tr, 蒸腾速率; Vol, 挥发油含量。

Fig. 6 Correlation analysis of physiological and biochemical indexes of Rhododendron tomentosum under each forest type. Ant, anthocyanins content; Car, carotenoid content; CAT, catalase activity; Chl a, chlorophyll a content; Chl b, chlorophyll b content; Chl T, total chlorophyll content; Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; Gs, stomatal conductance; MDA, malonyldialdehyde content; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; POD, peroxidase activity; R/S, root-shoot ratio; SOD, superoxide dismutase activity; TB, total biomass; TFC, total flavonoids content; TPC, total polyphenols content; Tr, transpiration rate; Vol, volatile oils content.

表3 各林型下杜香各指标隶属度分析

Table 3 Analysis of the affiliation degree of each index of Rhododendron tomentosum under each forest type

指标 Index	落叶松林 Betula platyphylla forest	白桦与落叶松针阔混交林 Betula platyphylla - Larix gmelinii mixed forest	白桦林 Betula platyphylla forest	偃松林 Pinus pumila forest
总生物量 Total biomass	0.320 0	1.000 0	0.961 9	0.000 0
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	0.438 6	0.6286	1.000 0	0.000 0
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	0.395 8	0.637 5	1.000 0	0.000 0
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	0.535 4	0.614 2	1.000 0	0.000 0
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	0.593 2	0.694 2	1.000 0	0.000 0
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	0.342 5	0.797 7	1.000 0	0.000 0
总叶绿素含量 Total chlorophyll content	0.173 8	0.171 1	1.000 0	0.000 0
叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content	0.157 3	0.124 4	1.000 0	0.000 0
叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content	0.227 2	0.326 2	1.000 0	0.000 0
类胡萝卜含量 Carotenoid content	0.074 0	0.146 1	1.000 0	0.000 0
花青素含量 Anthocyanins content	0.333 3	1.000 0	0.454 5	0.000 0
过氧化物酶活性 Peroxidase activity	0.106 1	0.578 0	1.000 0	0.000 0
超氧化物歧化酶活性 Superoxide dismutase activity	0.226 6	1.000 0	0.521 5	0.000 0
过氧化氢酶活性 Catalase activity	0.000 0	0.831 6	1.000 0	0.253 0
丙二醛含量 Malonyldialdehyde content	0.896 3	1.000 0	0.812 0	0.000 0
总多酚含量 Total polyphenols content	1.000 0	0.336 0	0.380 4	0.000 0
总黄酮含量 Total flavonoids content	1.000 0	0.368 5	0.894 7	0.000 0
挥发油含量 Volatile oils content	0.184 8	0.000 0	1.000 0	0.438 8
隶属度均值 Mean value of affiliation	0.390 8	0.543 1	0.916 9	0.038 4
综合排序 Aggregate ranking	3	2	1	4

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