南亚热带纯林和混交林根系分泌物代谢组学分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0047

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 188-201.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0047

南亚热带纯林和混交林根系分泌物代谢组学分析

夏琦, 聂秀青, 陈轶群, 刘世荣^*()

中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所, 国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2025-02-09 接受日期:2025-05-01 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-02-13
通讯作者: *刘世荣(liusr@caf.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31930078);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200405)

Metabolomics analysis of root exudates in southern subtropical pure and mixed stands

XIA Qi, NIE Xiu-Qing, CHEN Yi-Qun, LIU Shi-Rong^*()

Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Forest Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2025-02-09 Accepted:2025-05-01 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-02-13
Contact: *LIU Shi-Rong (liusr@caf.ac.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31930078);National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2200405)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为植物根系、土壤及微生物的关键纽带, 根系分泌物不仅是信息传递的重要桥梁, 还是能量输入的核心载体, 在植物响应环境变化的过程中起重要作用。然而, 混交对根系分泌物代谢产物的影响尚不清楚。该研究以我国南亚热带马尾松(Pinus massoniana)纯林、格木(Erythrophleum fordii)纯林、马尾松格木混交林为研究对象, 通过野外原位收集法分别获取了马尾松和格木在纯林和混交林中的根系分泌物, 利用组合型四极杆Orbitrap质谱仪(LC-MS/MS)检测根系分泌物代谢产物。结果表明: (1)马尾松和格木根系分泌物代谢产物中脂类、有机杂环类、有机酸类和有机氧类化合物的相对定量值均表现为纯林显著高于混交林; (2)通过比较分析纯林与混交林树种根系分泌差异代谢物发现, 马尾松有208个差异代谢物, 其中甘油磷脂在马尾松纯林中表现为显著上调, 格木有106个差异代谢物, 其中4-烯丙基苯酚、紫苏醛、异丁酸和双碘毒素在格木纯林中表现为显著上调; (3) KEGG注释及富集分析发现, 相较于混交林, 马尾松和格木纯林的脂质代谢途径均表现为显著上调, 该代谢与植物防御策略相关。

关键词: 根系分泌物, 代谢产物, 纯林, 混交林, 南亚热带, 马尾松, 格木

Abstract:

Aims As a crucial coupling agent linking plant roots, soil, and microorganisms, root exudates serve not only as an important vector for information transformation, but also as the core carrier for energy input, playing a significant role in shaping responses of plants to environmental changes. However, the effects of mixed-species on the metabolite compositions of root exudates remain unclear. Our objective is to explore the differences in metabolite compositions of root exudates between mixed stands and corresponding pure stands, and the implications on sustainable management of subtropical plantations.

Methods In this study, we used in-situ collection devices to sample root exudates of Pinus massoniana and Erythrophleum fordii in their pure and mixed (P. massoniana× E. fordii) stands in southern subtropial China. The metabolite compositions of root exudates of each species were analyzed using LC-MS/MS.

Important findings (1) The relative quantitative values of lipids, organic heterocyclic compounds, organic acids and organic oxygen compounds of root exudates of P. massoniana and E. fordii were significantly higher in pure stands than in mixed stands. (2) Comparative analysis of differential metabolites between pure and mixed forests, we revealed that P. massoniana had 208 differential metabolites, with glycerophospholipids exhibiting significant up-regulation in the P. massonianapure forest, and E. fordii had 106 differential metabolites, with p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol, chavicol, isobutyric acid and diplodiatoxin exhibiting significant up-regulation in the E. fordiipure forest. (3) KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis showed that lipid metabolism pathways were significantly up-regulated in both P. massoniana and E. fordiipure forests compared to their mixed forest, and the lipid metabolism was correlated with plant defense strategies.

Key words: root exudate, metabolite composition, pure stand, mixed stand, southern subtropical China, Pinus massoniana, Erythrophleum fordii

夏琦, 聂秀青, 陈轶群, 刘世荣. 南亚热带纯林和混交林根系分泌物代谢组学分析. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 188-201. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0047

XIA Qi, NIE Xiu-Qing, CHEN Yi-Qun, LIU Shi-Rong. Metabolomics analysis of root exudates in southern subtropical pure and mixed stands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(1): 188-201. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0047

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0047

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I1/188

图/表 8

表1 南亚热带纯林和混交林树种特性及林分特征(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Tree species properties and stand characteristics of southern subtropical pure and mixed stands (mean ± SE)

指标 Indicator	马尾松纯林 Pinus massoniana stands	格木纯林 Erythrophleum fordii stands	马尾松×格木混交林 P. massoniana × E. fordii mixed stands
树种特性 Tree species properties	速生、针叶 Fast-growing, coniferous	固氮、阔叶 Nitrogen-fixing, broadleaf	速生、针叶(马尾松) 固氮、阔叶(格木) Fast-growing, coniferous (Pinus massoniana ) Nitrogen-fixing, broadleaf (Erythrophleum fordii)
林龄 Stand age (a)	22	22	20
生长阶段 Growth stage	近熟林 Near-mature	近熟林 Near-mature	近熟林 Near-mature
土壤类型 Soil type	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil
林分密度 Stand density (Ind.·hm^-2)	1 615 ± 115	1 633 ± 236	1 575 ± 148
胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	17.53 ± 3.40	13.52 ± 3.69	17.37 ± 3.12
树高 Tree height (m)	15.94 ± 1.12	13.67 ± 2.19	15.42 ± 1.11
海拔 Altitude (m)	274 ± 6	246 ± 4	216 ± 4
坡度 Slope (°)	12 ± 2	13 ± 1	10 ± 2

表2 南亚热带纯林和混交林研究样地的土壤理化性质(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Soil properties of experimental plots of southern subtropical pure and mixed stands (mean ± SE)

指标 Indicator	马尾松纯林 Pinus massoniana stands	格木纯林 Erythrophleum fordii stands	马尾松×格木混交林 P. massoniana × E. fordii mixed stands
pH	3.56 ± 0.02^b	3.68 ± 0.04^a	3.62 ± 0.03^a
含水量 Water content (%)	31.67 ± 1.74^a	30.46 ± 2.50^a	31.21 ± 1.29^a
容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	1.26 ± 0.02^a	1.21 ± 0.03^a	1.28 ± 0.01^a
粉粒含量 Silt content (%)	20.30 ± 1.83^a	5.79 ± 0.76^b	16.73 ± 2.50^a
黏粒含量 Clay content (%)	25.48 ± 1.22^a	7.43 ± 0.79^b	21.95 ± 3.70^a
有机碳含量 Organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	15.08 ± 1.11^b	21.06 ± 1.03^a	14.76 ± 0.43^b
全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	1.33 ± 0.05^b	1.60 ± 0.07^a	1.50 ± 0.17^a
有效氮含量 Available nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	120.33 ± 9.85^a	139.79 ± 5.27^a	139.43 ± 3.09^a
全磷含量 Total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.22 ± 0.04^a	0.27 ± 0.03^a	0.30 ± 0.01^a
碳氮比 Ratio of carbon to nitrogen	11.40 ± 0.87^b	13.20 ± 0.62^a	10.09 ± 0.72^b
氮磷比 Ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus	6.59 ± 0.42^a	6.12 ± 0.66^ab	5.15 ± 0.18^b
微生物生物量碳含量 Microbial biomass carbon content (mg·kg^-1)	599.71 ± 73.98^b	1 526.31 ± 150.64^a	849.13 ± 43.81^b
微生物生物量氮含量 Microbial biomass nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	49.14 ± 5.66^c	140.25 ± 9.52^a	96.72 ± 3.25^b
微生物量碳氮比 Ratio of microbial biomass carbon to microbial biomass nitrogen	12.21 ± 0.44^a	10.80 ± 0.40^a	8.81 ± 0.35^b

图1 所有检出根系分泌物代谢产物的主成分(PC)分析得分散点图。每个散点代表一个样本, 散点的颜色和形状表示不同的分组。

Fig. 1 Score scatter plot of principal component (PC) analysis model for all detected root exudation metabolites. Each scatter represents a sample, differ color and shape indicate different groupings.

图2 不同林分马尾松和格木根系分泌物代谢产物的相对定量值(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示不同树种之间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。M-E, 混交林格木; M-P, 混交林马尾松; P-E, 纯林格木; P-P, 纯林马尾松。

Fig. 2 Relative quantitative values of metabolite composition in root exudates of Pinus massoniana and Erythrophleum fordii among forest stands (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between tree species (p < 0.05). M-E, E. fordii in mixed stand; M-P, P. massoniana in mixed stand; P-E, E. fordii in pure stand; P-P, P. massoniana in pure stand.

表3 纯林和混交林中马尾松和格木树种根系分泌差异代谢物数量表

Table 3 Differential metabolite quantities of Pinus massoniana and Erythrophleum fordii in pure and mixed plantations

差异代谢物状态 Differential metabolite status	马尾松纯林-混交林对比 P. massoniana pure-mixed stand comparison	格木纯林-混交林对比 E. fordii pure-mixed stand comparison
上调 Up-regulated	199	103
下调 Down-regulated	9	3

图3 纯林和混交林中马尾松(A)和格木(B)变量投影重要度(VIP)值排名前10的差异代谢物火柴杆图分析。化合物中文名称以[HMDB二级分类-HMDB三级分类]化合物名称表示; 点颜色深浅代表VIP值大小。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 3 Matchstick analysis for top 10 differential metabolites variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of Pinus massoniana (A) and Erythrophleum fordii (B) in pure and mixed plantations. Chinese name of compounds is expressed as [HMDB class-HMDB subclass]MS2 names. Dot color represents the value of VIP value. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图4 纯林和混交林中马尾松(A)和格木(B)排名前10的差异代谢物KEGG通路富集图。KEGG, 京都基因与基因组百科全书。圆点大小表示该通路中富集到的差异代谢物数量; 颜色表示p值大小, p值越小、颜色越偏红, 表示富集程度越显著。

Fig. 4 KEGG pathway enrichment for top 10 differential metabolites of Pinus massoniana (A) and Erythrophleum fordii (B) in pure and mixed plantations. KEGG, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Dot size, the amount of differential metabolites enriched in KEGG pathway; color, the size of the p-value, with smaller p-values and redder colors indicating more significant enrichment.

图5 纯林和混交林中马尾松(A)和格木(B)差异丰度得分图。KEGG, 京都基因与基因组百科全书。差异丰度得分反映代谢通路所有代谢物的整体变化, 得分1表示上调, 得分-1表示下调。圆点的大小表示该通路中注释到的差异代谢物数量, 圆点越大表示数量越多, 圆点越小表示数量越少。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 5 Differential abundance score for Pinus massoniana (A) and Erythrophleum fordii (B) in pure and mixed plantations. KEGG, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Differential abundance score represents the overall changes in all metabolites of the KEGG pathway, 1 indicates up-regulated, -1 indicates down-regulated. Dot size indicates the number of differential metabolites noted in the KEGG pathway, larger dot means more metabolites, smaller dot means less metabolites. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

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南亚热带纯林和混交林根系分泌物代谢组学分析

Metabolomics analysis of root exudates in southern subtropical pure and mixed stands

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