臭氧胁迫下叶片与细根凋落物分解的生态化学计量特征差异

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0229

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 268-278.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0229 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0229

臭氧胁迫下叶片与细根凋落物分解的生态化学计量特征差异

侯霄帆(), 马辰涵, 孙语倩, 高钰涵, 李品^**()()

北京林业大学林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室, 森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 干旱半干旱地区森林培育及生态系统研究国家林草局重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-06-18 接受日期:2025-12-17 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-04-01
通讯作者: **李品 (lipin@bjfu.edu.cn)
作者简介:第一联系人：^* 同等贡献
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32271673)

Differential ecological stoichiometry of leaf and fine root litter decomposition under ozone stress

HOU Xiao-Fan(), MA Chen-Han, SUN Yu-Qian, GAO Yu-Han, LI Pin^**()()

State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources of Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid and Semi-Arid Region of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-06-18 Accepted:2025-12-17 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-04-01
Contact: **LI Pin (lipin@bjfu.edu.cn)
About author:First author contact:^* Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271673)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大气臭氧(O₃)浓度升高显著影响植物元素分配, 进而调控凋落物分解过程, 但叶片与细根凋落物的生态化学计量特征如何响应O₃胁迫仍不清楚。该研究旨在揭示O₃升高对叶片与细根凋落物分解过程中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)计量特征的影响及其调控机制。依托北京延庆O₃-FACE平台, 以栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)和茶树(Camellia sinensis)为研究对象, 设置环境空气(NF)和加O₃处理(NF60, 环境空气+60 nmol·mol^-1 O₃), 开展为期12个月的凋落物分解实验, 测定不同分解阶段(0、1、3、12个月)凋落物C、N、P含量及其计量比(C:N、C:P、N:P)的动态变化。O₃处理显著改变了凋落物初始化学计量特征及分解残留特征。NF60处理下, 栾树凋落叶初始C:N升高7.6%, N:P下降17.7%, 分解12个月后残留率增加10.3%; 而茶树细根P含量上升11.1%, C:P下降14.5%, 表现出器官—物种特异的计量偏移。凋落物残留率与C:N、C:P、N:P显著相关。分解过程中, 两树种的凋落叶N:P均显著升高(栾树: 43.6%-68.0%, 茶树: 52.9%-59.3%), 提示后期P限制增强; 细根亦出现器官特异的N:P上升, 但幅度与处理效果依赖于树种, 与微生物生长速率假说一致。O₃改变了凋落物的化学计量特征, 尤其是C:P平衡, 这可能进一步影响微生物养分获取并减缓碳周转过程; 同时, 凋落叶与细根表现出明显不同的响应模式。栾树凋落叶分解受P限制更明显, 而茶树细根通过P重分配维持较高分解效率。研究揭示了植物器官对O₃胁迫的差异化适应策略, 为全球变化背景下凋落物分解的化学计量调控机制提供了新见解。

关键词: 生态化学计量, 凋落物分解, 臭氧胁迫, C:N:P, 叶片, 细根

Abstract:

Aims Elevated atmospheric ozone (O₃) concentrations significantly affect plant nutrient allocation, thereby regulating litter decomposition. However, the stoichiometric responses of leaf and fine root litters to O₃ stress remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate how elevated O₃ influenced the dynamics and regulatory mechanisms of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry during the decomposition of leaf and fine root litter.

Methods A 12-month decomposition experiment was conducted using Koelreuteria paniculata and Camellia sinensis at the O₃-FACE platform in Yanqing, Beijing. We applied two treatments i.e., ambient air (NF) and elevated O₃ (NF60, ambient air + 60 nmol·mol^-1 O₃). At four decomposition stages (0, 1, 3, and 12 month), we measured litter C, N, and P concentrations and stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P).

Important findings Elevated O₃ concentration significantly altered the initial stoichiometric structure and residual characteristics of the litter. Under NF60, the initial C:N ratio of K. paniculata leaves increased by 7.6%, while N:P decreased by 17.7%, leading to a 10.3% increase in mass remaining after 12 months. In C. sinensis fine root litter, phosphorus (P) concentration increased by 11.1% and the C:P ratio decreased by 14.5%, showing organ- and species-specific stoichiometric shifts. Litter mass remaining (%) was significantly correlated with C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios. During decomposition, the N:P ratio of leaf litter increased significantly in both species (K. paniculata: 43.6%-68.0%; C. sinensis: 52.9%-59.3%), indicating enhanced P limitation in the later stages. Consistent with the microbial growth rate hypothesis, fine root litter also exhibited organ-specific increases in N:P, but the magnitude and treatment effects depended on species. O₃ altered litter stoichiometric characteristics, particularly C:P balance, which may have influenced microbial nutrient acquisition and contributed to slower carbon turnover; moreover, leaf litter and fine roots showed distinct response patterns. Leaves and fine roots exhibited contrasting responses: K. paniculata leaves were more constrained by P availability, while C. sinensis fine roots maintained higher decomposition efficiency through enhanced P redistribution. These findings highlight organ-specific adaptive strategies under O₃ stress and provide novel insights into stoichiometric regulation of litter decomposition under global change.

Key words: ecological stoichiometry, litter decomposition, ozone stress, C:N:P, leaf, fine root

侯霄帆, 马辰涵, 孙语倩, 高钰涵, 李品. 臭氧胁迫下叶片与细根凋落物分解的生态化学计量特征差异. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(2): 268-278. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0229

HOU Xiao-Fan, MA Chen-Han, SUN Yu-Qian, GAO Yu-Han, LI Pin. Differential ecological stoichiometry of leaf and fine root litter decomposition under ozone stress. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(2): 268-278. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0229

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0229

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I2/268

图/表 6

图1 不同O3处理对两个树种叶片和细根凋落物在分解1、3和12个月时的质量残留率影响(平均值±标准误)。A, 自然分解环境; E, O3升高的分解环境; NF, 环境空气下的分解底物; NF60, 经60 nmol·mol-1 O3预处理的分解底物。在同一分解时间内, 不同处理间若标注不同的小写字母, 表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of ozone treatments on the mass remaining (%) of leaf and fine root litter from two tree species after 1, 3, and 12 months of decomposition (mean ± SE). A, the ambient decomposition environment; E, the elevated ozone environment; NF, litter derived from plants grown under ambient air; NF60, litter derived from plants exposed to ambient air + 60 nmol·mol-1 O3. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same decomposition stage (p < 0.05).

图2 不同分解阶段凋落叶中碳(C) (A-D)、氮(N) (E-H)和磷(P) (I-L)含量的变化(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。T0、T1、T3和T12分别表示分解0、1、3和12个月。CS, 茶树; LS, 栾树。相同分解阶段下, 不同处理间若标注不同小写字母, 表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。采用双因素方差分析检验处理(T)、树种(S)及其交互作用(T × S)对化学组分的影响: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, 差异不显著。

Fig. 2 Changes in carbon (C) (A-D), nitrogen (N) (E-H), and phosphorus (P) (I-L) contents in leaf litter across different decomposition stages (mean ± SE, n = 3). T0, T1, T3 and T12 denote decomposition times of 0, 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. CS, Camellia sinensis; LS, Koelreuteria paniculata. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same decomposition stage (p < 0.05). A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the effects of treatment (T), species (S), and their interaction (T × S) on the chemical components: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, no significant difference.

图3 不同分解阶段细根中碳(C) (A-D)、氮(N) (E-H)和磷(P) (I-L)含量的变化。CS, 茶树; LS, 栾树。T0、T1、T3和T12分别表示分解0、1、3和12个月。相同分解阶段下, 不同处理间若标注不同小写字母, 表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。采用双因素方差分析检验处理(T)、树种(S)及其交互作用(T × S)对化学组分的影响: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, 差异不显著。

Fig. 3 Changes in carbon (C) (A-D), nitrogen (N) (E-H), and phosphorus (P) (I-L) contents in fine roots across different decomposition stages. T0, T1, T3 and T12 denote decomposition times of 0, 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. CS, Camellia sinensis; LS, Koelreuteria paniculata. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same decomposition stage (p < 0.05). A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the effects of treatment (T), species (S), and their interaction (T × S) on the chemical components: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, no significant difference.

图4 不同分解阶段凋落叶中化学计量比的变化。C, 碳; N, 氮; P, 磷。CS, 茶树; LS, 栾树。T0、T1、T3和T12分别表示分解0、1、3和12个月。相同分解阶段下, 不同处理间若标注不同小写字母, 表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。采用双因素方差分析检验处理(T)、树种(S)及其交互作用(T × S)对化学组分的影响: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, 差异不显著。

Fig. 4 Changes in stoichiometric ratios in leaf litter across different decomposition stages. T0, T1, T3 and T12 denote decomposition times of 0, 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus. CS, Camellia sinensis; LS, Koelreuteria paniculata. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same decomposition stage (p < 0.05). A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the effects of treatment (T), species (S), and their interaction (T × S) on the chemical components: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, no significant difference.

图5 不同分解阶段细根中化学计量比的变化。T0、T1、T3和T12分别表示分解0、1、3和12个月。C, 碳; N, 氮; P, 磷。CS, 茶树; LS, 栾树。相同分解阶段下, 不同处理间若标注不同小写字母, 表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。采用双因素方差分析检验处理(T)、树种(S)及其交互作用(T × S)对化学组分的影响: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, 差异不显著。

Fig. 5 Changes in stoichiometric ratios in fine roots across different decomposition stages. T0, T1, T3 and T12 denote decomposition times of 0, 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus. CS, Camellia sinensis; LS, Koelreuteria paniculata. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same decomposition stage (p < 0.05). A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the effects of treatment (T), species (S), and their interaction (T × S) on the chemical components: *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns, no significant difference.

图6 凋落叶(A-C)与细根(D-F)残留率(Mr)与碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征之间的相关性分析。A, 自然分解环境; E, O3升高的分解环境; NF, 环境空气下的分解底物; NF60, 经60 nmol·mol-1 O3预处理的分解底物。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 6 Correlations among the mass remaining of leaf litter (A-C) and fine roots (D-F) and their stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P. A, natural decomposition environment; E, elevated O3 decomposition environment; NF, decomposition substrate under ambient air; NF60, decomposition substrate pretreated with 60 nmol·mol-1 O3. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

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臭氧胁迫下叶片与细根凋落物分解的生态化学计量特征差异

Differential ecological stoichiometry of leaf and fine root litter decomposition under ozone stress

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