盐碱耐受型和敏感型花生生长发育及根际土壤特性对丛枝菌根真菌的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0260

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐碱地是解决中国耕地紧缺的重要现实和潜在农业资源, 高效利用盐碱地资源, 实现盐碱地花生(Arachis hypogaea)绿色高效种植是当前保障花生生产的迫切需求。在盐碱胁迫生境下, 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)能够有效发挥宿主植物在盐碱土壤中的生产潜力, 提高植物耐盐性。尽管AMF提高盐胁迫下花生耐盐性已得到证实, 但有关盐碱耐受型和敏感型花生的生长发育对AMF的响应机制还不清楚。该研究以耐盐花生品种‘花育25’ (‘HY25’)和盐敏感品种‘花育22’ (‘HY22’)为试验材料, 在非盐碱地和盐碱地2种土壤环境下设置AMF花生种子包衣处理, 分析不同耐盐程度花生生长发育和根际土壤环境对AMF的响应机制, 为AMF在盐碱地花生高效生产中的应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明: 在2种土壤环境下盐耐受型花生和敏感型花生的生长发育和根际土壤特性对AMF的响应机制不同。2种土壤环境下, AMF改善‘HY25’植株地上部分农艺性状, 优化光合参数, 显著增加荚果产量; AMF虽对非盐碱地上‘HY22’地上部分农艺性状有部分抑制作用, 但能增强叶片光合性能, 提高荚果产量和品质。2个品种根系的生长发育对AMF的响应差异显著: 1)在非盐碱地上, AMF对‘HY25’根系生长的促进作用始于花针期, 且促进效果持续至成熟期; 在盐碱环境下AMF主要增加荚果期‘HY25’的根系总长、总表面积和总体积; 2) ‘HY22’根系对AMF的接种更为敏感, 2种土壤环境下, AMF对花针期和/或荚果期根系均有抑制作用, 且盐碱环境下抑制作用>非盐碱地。AMF对根际土壤特性的影响表现为: 1) 2种土壤环境下, 2个品种的土壤有效磷含量显著增加; 2)盐碱环境下, 显著增加2个品种根际土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性; 3)在非盐碱地上, 对‘HY22’根际土壤酶活性有显著的抑制作用。结果表明, 相较于盐敏感型花生, 盐耐受型花生可能是AMF更为高效的共生品种, AMF能更好地促进其生长发育, 且在盐碱环境下AMF更能有效地发挥其微生物调控的协同作用。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 根系发育, 光合作用, 土壤酶活性, 土壤养分

Abstract:

Aims Saline alkali land is an important reality and potential agricultural resource to solve the shortage of arable land in China. Efficient utilization of saline alkali land resources to develop peanut (Arachis hypogaea) planting in such environments and achieve high and stable yield has become an urgent demand for ensuring peanut production. Under saline alkali stress habitat, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can effectively develop potential productivity of host plants and improve their salt resistance and tolerance. Although it has been demonstrated that AMF enhanced peanut salt tolerance under salt stress, however, there have been limited reports on the effects of AMF on the growth and development of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut.

Methods This study was investigated the response mechanisms of peanut growth and rhizosphere soil environment to AMF under saline-alkali conditions, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for AMF application in peanut production in saline alkali soils. The experiment used salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ as experimental materials, with AMF seed coating treatment applied under saline alkali and normal soil conditions.

Important findings Under two soil conditions, salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars demonstrated differential response mechanisms to AMF inoculation. Under both soil environments, AMF improved the agronomic characteristics in ‘HY25’, optimized photosynthetic parameters, and significantly increased pod yield. While AMF exhibited partial inhibitory effects on agronomic traits in ‘HY22’ in normal soil, it notably improved leaf photosynthetic performance and elevated both pod yield and quality. Significant differences were found in the response of root growth of two cultivars to AMF including: 1) In normal soil, the promoting effect of AMF on the growth of ‘HY25’ root system initiated during the flowering-pegging stage and continued to until maturation stage. Under saline-alkaline soil, AMF significantly increased total root length, root surface area, and root volume in ‘HY25’ at pod-setting stage. 2) Salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ exhibited greater sensitive to AMF inoculation. Under both normal and saline-alkali soils, AMF demonstrated inhibitory effects on root growth in ‘HY22’ during flowering-pegging and/or pod-setting stages, with significantly stronger inhibition observed under saline-alkali soil than normal soil. Moreover, AMF effects on rhizosphere soil properties included: 1) significant elevation in available phosphorus contents in both cultivars under two soil conditions; 2) increased soil catalase, phosphatase, and invertase activities in both cultivars in saline alkali soil; whereas 3) significant inhibition of soil enzymatic activities in ‘HY22’ under normal soil. These results indicated that compared to salt-sensitive cultivar, salt-tolerant cultivar might serve as more efficient symbiotic partner for AMF. AMF might demonstrate superior growth promotion in salt-tolerant cultivar, effectively exerting the synergistic effect of microbial regulation under saline-alkali soil.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, root development, photosynthesis, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrients

秦斐斐, 唐朝辉, 司彤, 慈敦伟. 盐碱耐受型和敏感型花生生长发育及根际土壤特性对丛枝菌根真菌的响应. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 742-759. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0260

QIN Fei-Fei, TANG Zhao-Hui, SI Tong, CI Dun-Wei. Response mechanisms of growth and rhizosphere soil properties in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(3): 742-759. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0260

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0260

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I3/742

图/表 13

表1 莱西和广饶试验基地土壤基本特性

Table 1 Physiochemical properties of soil in Laixi and Guangrao experimental sites

	有机质含量 Organic matters content (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Hydrolyzable nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷(P₂O₅)含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾(K₂O)含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	交换性钙含量 Exchangeable calcium content (g·kg^-1)	盐含量 Soil salt content (g·kg^-1)	pH
莱西非盐碱地 Laixi normal soil	16.7	89.3	49.6	93.6	2.36	0.8	6.7
广饶盐碱地 Guangrao saline alkali soil	6.6	39.5	24.2	123.0	7.52	2.6	8.8

图1 非盐碱地和盐碱地耐盐型和敏感型花生品种接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)后菌根侵染率(平均值±标准差)。FC, 品种间的F值; FS, 土壤间F值; **, 处理间差异极显著(p < 0.01)。

Fig. 1 Colonization rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars under normal and saline alkali soil environments (mean ± SD). FC, F value between cultivar; FS, F value between soils; **, significant differences at p < 0.01 level.

表2 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对非盐碱地和盐碱地盐耐受型和敏感型花生品种农艺性状的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)

Table 2 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on agronomic characteristics of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars in normal and saline alkali soils (mean ± SD, n = 3)

土壤 Soil (A)	品种 Cultivar (B)	处理 Treatment (C)	主茎高 Stem height (cm)	侧枝长 Lateral branch length (cm)	一次分枝数 Primary branches number	二次分枝数 Secondary branches number	主茎叶数 Stem leaf number	第一侧枝基部10 cm节数 Nodes number of the 10 cm base of lateral branches
非盐碱地 Normal soil	‘HY25’	CK	31.5 ± 3.2	32.8 ± 2.9	5.2 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.1	14.3 ± 0.1	4.7 ± 0.1
		AMF	27.7 ± 2.3^*	24.1 ± 2.2^**	5.2 ± 0.3^ns	4.3 ± 0.3^*	14.2 ± 0.1^ns	6.0 ± 0.2^**
	‘HY22’	CK	47.9 ± 1.9	47.5 ± 2.0	4.7 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.0	18.3 ± 1.0	6.0 ± 0.1
		AMF	35.5 ± 1.4^**	39.3 ± 1.7^**	5.2 ± 0.3^*	3.8 ± 0.1^ns	15.8 ± 0.7^**	6.5 ± 0.1^*
盐碱地 Saline alkali soil	‘HY25’	CK	21.3 ± 2.1	24.3 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.3	12.7 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 0.1
		AMF	32.9 ± 3.2^**	39.2 ± 1.5^**	5.2 ± 0.2^*	4.2 ± 0.1^*	14.8 ± 1.0^**	6.3 ± 0.1^*
	‘HY22’	CK	34.0 ± 1.8	37.6 ± 0.8	5.5 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 0.1	16.0 ± 0.6	6.3 ± 0.1
		AMF	30.7 ± 2.9^*	36.3 ± 1.2^ns	5.5 ± 0.1^ns	4.7 ± 0.0^*	15.2 ± 0.9^*	7.0 ± 0.0^*
A			**	ns	ns	ns	*	*
B			**	**	ns	ns	**	**
C			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
A × B			**	**	*	ns	ns	ns
A × C			**	**	ns	ns	*	ns
B × C			**	**	ns	ns	**	ns
A × B × C			ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns

表3 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对非盐碱地和盐碱地盐耐受型和敏感型花生品种叶片光合作用的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 6)

Table 3 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on leaf photosynthesis of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars in normal and saline alkali soils (mean ± SD, n = 6)

土壤 Soil (A)	品种 Cultivar (B)	处理 Treatment (C)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	细胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (μl·L^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
非盐碱地 Normal soil	‘HY25’	CK	19.1 ± 1.6	694.3 ± 56.9	318.7 ± 5.2	2.3 ± 0.1
		AMF	21.5 ± 0.3^*	735.0 ± 34.9^*	298.2 ± 3.2^ns	3.2 ± 0.1^**
	‘HY22’	CK	22.5 ± 1.3	1 203.2 ± 25.8	320.5 ± 4.8	3.9 ± 0.0
		AMF	23.3 ± 1.3^ns	2 001.7 ± 78.4^**	310.2 ± 4.5^ns	5.2 ± 0.0^**
盐碱地 Saline alkali soil	‘HY25’	CK	16.2 ± 0.7	223.8 ± 33.9	240.5 ± 21.3	1.1 ± 0.1
		AMF	18.8 ± 0.6^*	470.3 ± 30.3^**	292.6 ± 7.6^*	2.4 ± 0.1^**
	‘HY22’	CK	20.6 ± 1.9	1 179.7 ± 23.5	326.5 ± 6.0	3.8 ± 0.1
		AMF	24.5 ± 1.0^*	1 355.3 ± 53.6^*	307.8 ± 6.0^ns	4.8 ± 0.3^*
A			*	**	**	**
B			**	**	**	**
C			**	**	ns	**
A × B			ns	ns	**	**
A × C			ns	*	*	ns
B × C			ns	**	*	ns
A × B × C			ns	**	**	ns

表4 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对非盐碱地和盐碱地盐耐受型和敏感型花生品种产量及其构成因素的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)

Table 4 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on yield and yield components of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars in normal and saline alkali soils (mean ± SD, n = 3)

土壤 Soil (A)	品种 Cultivar (B)	处理 Treatment (C)	荚果产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	总果数 Total pod number	饱果数 Full pod number	双仁果数 Number of double kernels	百果质量 100-pod mass (g)	百仁质量 100-kernel mass (g)	出仁率 Shelling rate (%)
非盐碱地 Normal soil	‘HY25’	CK	7 502.1 ± 48.6	18.7 ± 0.3	10.3 ± 0.3	14.3 ± 0.5	264.0 ± 4.2	117.6 ± 1.3	71.6 ± 0.3
	‘HY25’	AMF	8 743.6 ± 110.7^*	23.7 ± 0.5^*	15.7 ± 0.1^*	18.7 ± 0.1^*	284.0 ± 1.7^*	121.4 ± 0.6^*	72.7 ± 0.4^ns
	‘HY22’	CK	7 601.6 ± 88.0	19.2 ± 0.2	9.7 ± 0.2	15.0 ± 0.1	269.3 ± 0.7	113.2 ± 2.2	70.0 ± 0.1
	‘HY22’	AMF	8 473.4 ± 96.8^*	23.7 ± 0.3^*	14.7 ± 0.3^*	17.7 ± 0.3^*	289.3 ± 1.0^*	117.2 ± 1.4^*	71.5 ± 0.0^ns
盐碱地 Saline alkali soil	‘HY25’	CK	6 456.8 ± 62.2	15.0 ± 0.5	8.7 ± 0.5	12.7 ± 0.3	219.3 ± 1.6	93.2 ± 0.5	68.6 ± 0.4
	‘HY25’	AMF	7 870.0 ± 50.2^*	19.7 ± 0.1^*	11.3 ± 0.2^*	15.7 ± 0.2^*	248.7 ± 1.5^**	101.8 ± 0.8^*	72.0 ± 0.0^*
	‘HY22’	CK	6 317.3 ± 130.0	16.7 ± 0.2	8.3 ± 0.3	13.3 ± 0.1	218.2 ± 2.5	85.5 ± 0.9	67.4 ± 0.2
	‘HY22’	AMF	7 696.0 ± 37.7^*	20.6 ± 0.1^*	12.3 ± 0.4^*	16.7 ± 0.3^*	231.6 ± 1.1^*	93.1 ± 0.5^*	70.7 ± 0.3^*
A			**	**	**	*	**	**	*
B			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	*
C			**	**	**	**	**	*	**
A × B			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
A × C			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
B × C			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
A × B × C			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

表5 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对非盐碱地和盐碱地盐耐受型和敏感型花生品种籽仁品质的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)

Table 5 Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on kernel quality of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars in normal and saline alkali soils (mean ± SD, n = 3)

土壤 Soil (A)	品种 Cultivar (B)	处理 Treatment (C)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	脂肪含量 Fat content (%)	油酸含量 Oleic acid content (%)	亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content (%)	油酸/亚油酸 O/L
非盐碱地 Normal soil	‘HY25’	CK	29.1 ± 0.7	51.7 ± 0.7	45.0 ± 2.4	36.4 ± 2.3	1.24 ± 0.14
		AMF	29.7 ± 0.4^ns	49.2 ± 0.8^ns	39.5 ± 2.1^*	40.7 ± 2.1^*	0.97 ± 0.10^**
	‘HY22’	CK	28.8 ± 0.4	51.2 ± 0.5	52.7 ± 2.6	30.1 ± 1.2	1.76 ± 0.16
		AMF	29.3 ± 0.7^ns	49.7 ± 1.0^ns	54.1 ± 3.0^*	28.9 ± 2.5^*	1.89 ± 0.28^*
盐碱地 Saline alkali soil	‘HY25’	CK	26.5 ± 1.2	49.9 ± 1.1	42.6 ± 1.2	38.1 ± 1.0	1.12 ± 0.06
		AMF	26.9 ± 0.7^ns	50.9 ± 0.6^ns	39.7 ± 4.2^*	40.6 ± 3.6^*	1.00 ± 0.20^*
	‘HY22’	CK	25.1 ± 1.4	51.8 ± 1.9	49.1 ± 2.3	33.0 ± 1.9	1.49 ± 0.15
		AMF	27.3 ± 1.3^*	51.5 ± 1.2^ns	49.3 ± 3.4^ns	32.9 ± 2.8^ns	1.52 ± 0.23^ns
A			**	ns	**	**	**
B			ns	ns	**	**	**
C			ns	ns	ns	**	**
A × B			ns	ns	ns	**	ns
A × C			ns	*	ns	ns	**
B × C			ns	ns	*	**	**
A × B × C			ns	ns	ns	*	**

图2 非盐碱环境下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对耐盐型‘HY25’和敏感型‘HY22’根系形态的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。SS, 苗期; FP, 花针期; PS, 荚果期; MS, 成熟期。ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, 对照。

Fig. 2 Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on root morphology of salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ in normal soil (mean ± SD, n = 3). SS, seedling stage; FP, flowering-pegging stage; PS, pod setting stage; MS, maturation stage. ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, control.

图3 盐碱环境下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对耐盐型‘HY25’和敏感型‘HY22’根系形态的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。SS, 苗期; FP, 花针期; PS, 荚果期; MS, 成熟期。ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, 对照。

Fig. 3 Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on root morphology of salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ in saline alkali soil (mean ± SD, n = 3). SS, seedling stage; FP, flowering-pegging stage; PS, pod setting stage; MS, maturation stage. ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, control.

图4 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对非盐碱地和盐碱地耐盐型花生‘HY25’和敏感型花生‘HY22’成熟期(MS)根际土壤pH、电导率和有机质的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。ns, p ≥ 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, 对照。

Fig. 4 Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on rhizosphere soil pH, EC and soil organic matters in salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ at mature stage (MS) in normal and saline alkalis soils (mean ± SD, n = 3). ns, p ≥ 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, control.

图5 丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对盐碱地和非盐碱地耐盐型花生‘HY25’和敏感型花生‘HY22’成熟期(MS)根际土壤养分离子的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, 对照。

Fig. 5 Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on rhizosphere soil nutrient ions in salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ at mature stage (MS) in saline alkali and normal soils (mean ± SD, n = 3). F, total calcium. ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, control.

图6 非盐碱地上丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对耐盐型‘HY25’和敏感型‘HY22’根际土壤酶活性的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。SS, 苗期; FP, 花针期; PS, 荚果期; MS, 成熟期。ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, 对照。

Fig. 6 Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on rhizosphere soil enzyme activities in salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ in normal soil (mean ± SD, n = 3). SS, seedling stage; FP, flowering-pegging stage; PS, pod setting stage; MS, maturation stage. ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, control.

图7 盐碱地上丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对耐盐型‘HY25’和敏感型‘HY22’根际土壤酶活性的影响(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。SS, 苗期; FP, 花针期; PS, 荚果期; MS, 成熟期。ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, 对照。

Fig. 7 Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on rhizosphere soil enzyme activities in salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ in saline alkali soil (mean ± SD, n = 3). SS, seedling stage; FP, flowering-pegging stage; PS, pod setting stage; MS, maturation stage. ns, p ≥ 0.05; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; CK, control.

图8 盐耐受型和盐敏感型花生品种在正常土壤(A)和盐碱环境下(B)对丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)的响应机制。MS, 成熟期; PS, 夹果期。

Fig. 8 Working model illustrating the response mechanisms of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in normal soil (A) and in saline alkali soil (B). MS, maturation stage; PS, pod setting stage.

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