北京东灵山2种典型灌丛碳密度分配特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0300

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌丛是陆地生态系统碳密度估算中不可或缺的部分, 其面积增加引起的植被碳储量增加被认为是我国陆地生态系统碳储量增加的一个重要原因, 也是我国生态系统碳汇研究中最不确定因素之一。为了估算华北地区常见灌丛生态系统碳密度及其分配规律, 该研究采用野外调查和异速生长方程法, 对北京东灵山鬼箭锦鸡儿(Caragana jubata)和鹅耳枥(Carpinus turczaninowii)灌丛生态系统碳密度和分布特征进行了探究。研究结果表明: 鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛碳密度(427.59 t·hm^-2)显著高于鹅耳枥灌丛(178.19 t·hm^-2), 其中土壤碳密度占绝对优势(98.53%和81.31%), 分别为421.29和144.89 t·hm^-2。土壤有机碳富集在0-50 cm土层中, 且土壤有机碳密度随土层深度的增加而递减。鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛各土层有机碳密度均高于鹅耳枥灌丛, 这可能是由于前者分布区域气温较低和坡度较小, 有利于积累有机物。灌木层和乔灌层对整个生态系统碳密度贡献较小(1.27%和17.77%), 分别为5.44和31.69 t·hm^-2, 其中乔木层各器官碳密度排序为树干>根>枝>叶, 2类灌丛灌木层碳密度排序均为: 枝>根>叶, 且鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛灌木层各器官碳密度均显著高于鹅耳枥灌丛。草本层和凋落物层对灌丛的碳密度贡献最小(0.20%和0.91%), 分别为0.86和1.62 t·hm^-2, 其中鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛草本层碳密度(0.55 t·hm^-2)显著高于鹅耳枥灌丛(0.35 t·hm^-2), 且鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛草本层地上和地下部分碳密度相近, 而鹅耳枥灌丛草本层地上碳密度显著低于地下部分, 鹅耳枥灌丛凋落物层碳密度(1.27 t·hm^-2)显著高于鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛(0.31 t·hm^-2)。

关键词: 灌丛, 碳密度, 生态系统, 碳汇, 东灵山

Abstract:

Aims Shrublands is an indispensable part of estimating carbon density in terrestrial ecosystems, and the expansion of shrublands is considered as one of the key drivers leading to the increase of carbon density in terrestrial ecosystems in China, but there are great uncertainties in the carbon sink capacities of shrublands. We aimed to estimate the carbon density and distribution characteristics of common shrublands in North China.
Methods The carbon density and distribution characteristics of two typical shrublands (Caragana jubata and Carpinus turczaninowii shrublands) in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, were measured based on the field investigation data and by employing allometric approach.
Important findings The results showed that the carbon density (427.59 t·hm^-2) of Caragana jubata shrubland was significantly higher than that of the Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland (178.19 t·hm^-2), in which the carbon storage of soil layer was the largest (98.53% and 81.31%), and the carbon storage were 421.29 t·hm^-2 and 144.89 t·hm^-2, respectively. Soil organic carbon was enriched in the 0-50 cm soil layer, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth. The organic carbon density in different soil layers of the Caragana jubata shrubland is higher than that of the Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland, mainly due to the lower temperature and smaller slope in the distribution area of Caragana jubata shrubland, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter. The contribution of the shrub layer and the arbor-shrub layer to the carbon density of the entire ecosystem were relatively small (1.27% and 17.77%), with values of 5.44 and 31.69 t·hm^-2, respectively. The carbon density of different organs in the arbor layer was in the order of trunk > root > branch > leaf, while the order of carbon density in the shrub layer was branch > root > leaf in both shrublands. Moreover, the carbon density of each organ in the shrub layer of Caragana jubata shrubland was significantly lower than that in the Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland. The herbaceous layer and litter layer contributed the least to the total carbon density of Caragana jubata and Carpinus turczaninowii shrublands (0.20% and 0.91%), with values of 0.86 and 1.62 t·hm^-2, respectively. The carbon density of the herbaceous layer (0.55 t·hm^-2) in Caragana jubata shrubland was significantly higher than that (0.35 t·hm^-2) in Carpinus turczaninowii shrublands. Moreover, carbon density of the aboveground and underground parts of the herbaceous layer in Caragana jubata shrubland was similar, while in Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland, the aboveground carbon density was significantly lower than that of the underground part. The carbon density of the litter layer (1.27 t·hm^-2) in Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland was significantly higher than that (0.31 t·hm^-2) in Caragana jubata shrubland.

Key words: shrubland, carbon density, ecosystem, carbon sink, Dongling Mountain

张建华, 周晓阳, 段珊珊, 白佳妮, 徐龙超. 北京东灵山2种典型灌丛碳密度分配特征. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(10): 1721-1732. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0300

ZHANG Jian-Hua, ZHOU Xiao-Yang, DUAN Shan-Shan, BAI Jia-Ni, XU Long-Chao. Carbon density and distribution characteristics of two typical shrublands in Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(10): 1721-1732. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0300

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I10/1721

图/表 7

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项目 Item	鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛 Caragana jubata shrubland	鹅耳枥灌丛 Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland
地形特征 Topography character
海拔 Altitude (m)	2 300	1 170
坡向 Aspect	北坡 North	北坡 North
坡度 Slope (°)	9	30
表层土壤养分含量 Topsoil nutrient content
总碳含量 Total carbon content (mg·g^-1)	73.86 ± 2.15	27.79 ± 2.20
总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (mg·g^-1)	6.89 ± 0.10	2.32 ± 0.30
总磷含量 Total phosphorous content (mg·g^-1)	0.97 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.05
无机氮含量 Inorganic nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	18.90 ± 0.22	13.15 ± 2.08
速效磷含量 Available phosphorous content (mg·kg^-1)	1.22 ± 0.09	4.62 ± 0.19
群落特征 Community character
灌木高度 Shrub height (cm)	44.05 ± 7.03	382.76 ± 5.74
平均基径 Average base diameter (cm)	-	36.28 ± 0.98
灌木密度 Shrub density (stems·hm^-2)	1.7 × 10⁴	1.8 × 10⁴
灌木层优势种 Dominant species in shrub layer	鬼箭锦鸡儿 Caragana jubata	鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii
草本层优势种 Dominant species of herbaceous layer	丝柄薹草 Carex filipes var. sparsinux 返顾马先蒿 Pedicularis resupinata 橐吾 Ligularia sibirica	细叶薹草 Carex duriuscula subsp. stenophylloides

项目 Item	鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛 Caragana jubata shrubland	鹅耳枥灌丛 Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland
地形特征 Topography character
海拔 Altitude (m)	2 300	1 170
坡向 Aspect	北坡 North	北坡 North
坡度 Slope (°)	9	30
表层土壤养分含量 Topsoil nutrient content
总碳含量 Total carbon content (mg·g^-1)	73.86 ± 2.15	27.79 ± 2.20
总氮含量 Total nitrogen content (mg·g^-1)	6.89 ± 0.10	2.32 ± 0.30
总磷含量 Total phosphorous content (mg·g^-1)	0.97 ± 0.04	0.42 ± 0.05
无机氮含量 Inorganic nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	18.90 ± 0.22	13.15 ± 2.08
速效磷含量 Available phosphorous content (mg·kg^-1)	1.22 ± 0.09	4.62 ± 0.19
群落特征 Community character
灌木高度 Shrub height (cm)	44.05 ± 7.03	382.76 ± 5.74
平均基径 Average base diameter (cm)	-	36.28 ± 0.98
灌木密度 Shrub density (stems·hm^-2)	1.7 × 10⁴	1.8 × 10⁴
灌木层优势种 Dominant species in shrub layer	鬼箭锦鸡儿 Caragana jubata	鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii
草本层优势种 Dominant species of herbaceous layer	丝柄薹草 Carex filipes var. sparsinux 返顾马先蒿 Pedicularis resupinata 橐吾 Ligularia sibirica	细叶薹草 Carex duriuscula subsp. stenophylloides

物种 Species	器官 Organ	方程 Equation	变量 Variable	a	b	R²	F	p
鬼箭锦鸡儿 Caragana jubata	根 Root	y = ax^b	A_c	0.000 2	1.493 7	0.89	100.51	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax + b	A_c	0.030 0	1.808 2	0.95	254.07	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax + b	A_c	0.005 8	2.116 8	0.95	260.62	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	A_c	0.016	1.141 6	0.95	257.80	<0.000 1
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.070	1.02	0.99	970.63	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.050	1.14	0.99	965.96	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.009	1.09	0.98	724.70	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.110	1.11	0.99	1 369.18	<0.000 1
山葡萄 Vitis amurensis	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.29	0.87	0.76	33.94	0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.52	0.92	0.52	13.11	0.004
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	1.31	0.71	0.27	3.98	0.07
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	1.99	0.82	0.47	9.63	0.01
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.40	0.90	0.60	40.80	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.07	1.24	0.89	217.52	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.09	0.81	0.54	31.63	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.37	1.07	0.82	126.64	<0.000 1
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.19	0.98	0.74	62.55	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.30	1.04	0.93	303.82	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.54	0.71	0.62	35.54	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.79	0.97	0.94	322.34	<0.000 1
暴马丁香 Syringa reticulata	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.10	1.08	0.81	117.10	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.33	1.02	0.92	311.34	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.43	0.75	0.80	114.20	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.71	0.98	0.92	324.16	<0.000 1
六道木 Abelia biflora	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.26	0.93	0.97	345.81	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.32	0.98	0.97	364.20	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.56	0.59	0.82	44.26	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.74	0.94	0.98	428.95	<0.000 1
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	10.956 0	0.538	0.89	50.43	0.005 7
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.236 7	0.995	0.99	2 227.54	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.000 7	1.353	0.98	388.54	0.000 3
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	2.490 4	0.805	0.98	414.18	0.000 3

物种 Species	器官 Organ	方程 Equation	变量 Variable	a	b	R²	F	p
鬼箭锦鸡儿 Caragana jubata	根 Root	y = ax^b	A_c	0.000 2	1.493 7	0.89	100.51	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax + b	A_c	0.030 0	1.808 2	0.95	254.07	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax + b	A_c	0.005 8	2.116 8	0.95	260.62	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	A_c	0.016	1.141 6	0.95	257.80	<0.000 1
鹅耳枥 Carpinus turczaninowii	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.070	1.02	0.99	970.63	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.050	1.14	0.99	965.96	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.009	1.09	0.98	724.70	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.110	1.11	0.99	1 369.18	<0.000 1
山葡萄 Vitis amurensis	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.29	0.87	0.76	33.94	0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.52	0.92	0.52	13.11	0.004
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	1.31	0.71	0.27	3.98	0.07
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	1.99	0.82	0.47	9.63	0.01
照山白 Rhododendron micranthum	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.40	0.90	0.60	40.80	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.07	1.24	0.89	217.52	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.09	0.81	0.54	31.63	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.37	1.07	0.82	126.64	<0.000 1
小花溲疏 Deutzia parviflora	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.19	0.98	0.74	62.55	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.30	1.04	0.93	303.82	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.54	0.71	0.62	35.54	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.79	0.97	0.94	322.34	<0.000 1
暴马丁香 Syringa reticulata	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.10	1.08	0.81	117.10	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.33	1.02	0.92	311.34	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.43	0.75	0.80	114.20	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.71	0.98	0.92	324.16	<0.000 1
六道木 Abelia biflora	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.26	0.93	0.97	345.81	<0.000 1
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.32	0.98	0.97	364.20	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.56	0.59	0.82	44.26	<0.000 1
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.74	0.94	0.98	428.95	<0.000 1
大叶白蜡 Fraxinus rhynchophylla	根 Root	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	10.956 0	0.538	0.89	50.43	0.005 7
	茎 Stem	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.236 7	0.995	0.99	2 227.54	<0.000 1
	叶 Leaf	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	0.000 7	1.353	0.98	388.54	0.000 3
	整体 Total	y = ax^b	(BD)²H	2.490 4	0.805	0.98	414.18	0.000 3

组分 Component	鬼箭锦鸡儿灌丛 Caragana jubata shrubland		鹅耳枥灌丛 Carpinus turczaninowii shrubland
组分 Component	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)	比例 Proportion (%)	碳密度 Carbon density (t·hm^-2)	比例 Proportion (%)
乔木层 Overstory layer	-	-	7.57 ± 3.25	4.23
灌木层 Shrub layer	5.44 ± 0.33^b	1.27	24.12 ± 2.58^a	13.54
草本层 Herb layer	0.55 ± 0.10^a	0.13	0.35 ± 0.06^b	0.20
凋落物层 Litterfall layer	0.31 ± 0.03^b	0.07	1.27 ± 0.34^a	0.71
土壤层 Soil layer	421.29 ± 21.50^a	98.53	144.89 ± 7.54^b	81.31
总计 Total	427.59^a	100.00	178.19^b	100.00