川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶生产与分解

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0306

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 1733-1743.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0306

川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶生产与分解

陈诚智¹, 高钰森¹, 罗力嘉¹, 王东¹^,²^,^*()

¹西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 四川南充 637009
²中国科学院成都生物研究所山地生态恢复与生物多样性保护四川省重点实验室, 成都 610213

收稿日期:2024-09-11 接受日期:2025-01-27 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-01-27
通讯作者: *王东(dongwang1108@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(U24A20352);国家自然科学基金(31901193);国家自然科学基金(32501512);四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1737);四川省自然科学基金(2023YFG0348)

Twig and leaf litter production and decomposition in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan, China

CHEN Cheng-Zhi¹, GAO Yu-Sen¹, LUO Li-Jia¹, WANG Dong¹^,²^,^*()

¹College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
²Mountain Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China

Received:2024-09-11 Accepted:2025-01-27 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-01-27
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20352);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901193);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32501512);The Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1737);The Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023YFG0348)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高寒灌丛因其较高的土壤碳储量及对全球变化的敏感性, 已成为全球碳循环研究的热点区域。凋落枝和凋落叶在陆地生态系统物质循环中起着重要作用, 但有关二者生产与分解的对比研究还十分缺乏, 难以准确评估其对土壤碳和养分循环的影响差异。基于此, 该研究以青藏高原东部的优势灌丛——窄叶鲜卑花(Sibiraea angustata)为研究对象, 连续4年(2012-2015)监测了凋落枝和凋落叶的生产与分解, 并量化其碳氮残留量。结果表明: (1)凋落叶具有较高的生产量, 其年产量平均为凋落枝的4.41倍, 分别为138.94和31.48 g∙m^-2∙a^-1; (2)凋落枝的分解速率显著低于凋落叶, 二者的分解常数分别为0.356·a^-1和0.522·a^-1, 且凋落枝分解的最终残留比例(0.287)为凋落叶(0.059)的4.86倍; (3)在4年的分解过程中, 凋落叶中的氮动态表现为净释放模式, 而凋落枝则为“富集—稳定—释放”模式; (4)凋落枝和凋落叶的碳残留量较为接近(3.85和3.72 g∙m^-2∙a^-1), 但凋落叶的氮残留量更高(0.06和0.11 g∙m^-2∙a^-1)。该研究明确了凋落枝慢速分解在高寒灌丛碳储量累积中的关键作用, 以及凋落叶快速氮释放和高效氮归还对缓解土壤氮限制的重要性, 为准确评估凋落枝和凋落叶对土壤碳氮循环的贡献提供了重要依据。

关键词: 凋落物生产, 凋落物分解, 碳氮归还, 青藏高原, 高寒灌丛

Abstract:

Aims Alpine shrublands are crucial for global carbon cycle due to their substantial soil carbon storage and sensitivity to global changes. Twig and leaf litter play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling; however, less is known about their production and decomposition. Such a knowledge gap hinders accurate assessments of their contributions to soil carbon and nutrient cycling.
Methods This study investigated the annual production, decomposition rates, and carbon and nitrogen retention of twig and leaf litter in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland ecosystem on the eastern margin of the Qingzang Plateau of China over a four-year period.
Important findings Results showed that: (1) Leaf litter production (138.94 g·m^-2·a^-1) was 4.41 times higher than twig litter production (31.48 g·m^-2·a^-1). (2) Decomposition rate of twig litter (K = 0.356·a^-1) was significantly slower than that of leaf litter (K = 0.522·a^-1). The proportion of recalcitrant fraction of twig litter during decomposition was 4.86 times higher than that of leaf litter (0.287 vs. 0.059, respectively). (3) Nitrogen release patterns differed between twig and leaf litter: leaf litter exhibited a net nitrogen release, while twig litter followed a pattern of “enrichment—stabilization— release”. (4) After four years of decomposition, the estimated annual carbon retention of twig and leaf litter was similar (3.85 g∙m^-2∙a^-1 for twig litter and 3.72 g∙m^-2∙a^-1 for leaf litter). However, leaf litter retained significantly more nitrogen than twig litter (0.11 g∙m^-2∙a^-1 vs. 0.06 g∙m^-2∙a^-1). This study highlights the complementary roles of twig litter in promoting carbon accumulation in alpine shrubland due to its slower decomposition. In contrast, leaf litter plays a more crucial role in alleviating soil nitrogen limitation due to its faster nitrogen release and higher nitrogen return. Our results provide valuable foundation for accurately assessing the contributions of twig and leaf litter to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling.

Key words: litterfall production, litter decomposition, carbon and nitrogen inputs, Qingzang Plateau, alpine shrubland

陈诚智, 高钰森, 罗力嘉, 王东. 川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶生产与分解. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(10): 1733-1743. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0306

CHEN Cheng-Zhi, GAO Yu-Sen, LUO Li-Jia, WANG Dong. Twig and leaf litter production and decomposition in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(10): 1733-1743. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0306

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I10/1733

图/表 6

表1 川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶的初始化学属性(平均值±标准误, n = 3)

Table 1 Initial chemical properties of twig litter and leaf litter in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan, China (mean ± SE, n = 3)

凋落物 Litter	碳含量 Carbon (C) content (%)	氮含量 Nitrogen (N) content (%)	碳:氮 C:N	木质素含量 Lignin content (%)	木质素:N Lignin:N
凋落枝 Twig litter	48.23 ± 0.38^**	0.73 ± 0.04	66.09 ± 3.40^**	59.50 ± 2.21^**	81.75 ± 6.37^**
凋落叶 Leaf litter	40.43 ± 0.71	1.46 ± 0.11^*	27.94 ± 1.60	11.04 ± 1.95	7.66 ± 1.02

图1 川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶的年产量和碳氮归还量(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。

Fig. 1 Annual production of mass and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from twig and leaf litter in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan, China (mean ± SE, n = 3).

表2 凋落物类型(LT)和采样时间(ST)及二者的交互作用(LT × ST)对川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落物的年生产量和碳氮归还量的影响

Table 2 Effects of litter types (LT) and sampling time (ST) and their interaction (LT × ST) on annual production of mass, carbon and nitrogen from litter in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan, China

变量 Variable	变异 Variance	自由度 Degrees of freedom (df)	方差 Sum of squares (SS)	均方差 Mean square (MS)	F	p
生产量 Mass production	LT	1,16	69 287	69 287	229.00	<0.001^**
	ST	3,16	559	186	0.62	0.615
	LT × ST	3,16	4 892	1 631	5.38	0.009^**
碳归还量 Carbon production	LT	1,16	13 676	13 676	241.00	<0.001^**
	ST	3,16	250	83.50	1.47	0.261
	LT × ST	3,16	1 548	515.8	9.07	<0.001^**
氮归还量 Nitrogen production	LT	1,16	17.18	17.18	171.00	<0.001^**
	ST	3,16	0.06	0.02	0.20	0.897
	LT × ST	3,16	0.18	0.06	0.58	0.636

表3 川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶分解模型的比较

Table 3 Comparison of decomposition models between twig litter and leaf litter in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan

凋落物 Litter	模型名称 Model name	模型方程 Model equation	R²	赤池信息准则 AIC	95%分解期 Time for 95% mass loss (a)
凋落枝 Twig litter	渐近线 Asymptote model	Y = 0.287 + 0.713e^-0.727^t	0.975	-42.41
凋落枝 Twig litter	单指数 Single exponential model	Y = e^-0.356^t	0.928	-59.33	8.41
凋落叶 Leaf litter	渐近线 Asymptote model	Y = 0.059 + 0.941e^-0.594^t	0.978	-54.89
凋落叶 Leaf litter	单指数 Single exponential model	Y = e^-0.522^t	0.977	-54.22	5.74

图2 川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶分解过程中的质量残留率和碳氮残留率(平均值±标准误, n = 3)。

Fig. 2 Remaining mass and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) (% of initial) of leaf and twig litter during four years of decomposition in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan, China (mean ± SE, n = 3).

图3 川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落叶和凋落枝的碳氮归还量及残留量。窄叶鲜卑花图案改自《中国植物志》第36卷 (中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会, 1990)。RF为凋落物渐近线模型中的“渐进值”。

Fig. 3 Annual return amount and retention of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in leaf and twig litter of S. angustata alpine shrubland. The images of S. angustata was modified from Flora of China (Flora of China Editorial Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1990). RF represents recalcitrant fraction of litter during decomposition.

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川西高寒窄叶鲜卑花灌丛凋落枝和凋落叶生产与分解

Twig and leaf litter production and decomposition in an alpine Sibiraea angustata shrubland of western Sichuan, China

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