冻融作用对亚高山森林土壤有机碳组分中不同凋落物源碳贡献的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0278

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 1422-1433.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0278 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0278

冻融作用对亚高山森林土壤有机碳组分中不同凋落物源碳贡献的影响

张玉, 杜婷, 陈玉莲, 朱和萌, 谭波, 游成铭, 张丽, 徐振锋, 李晗^*()

四川农业大学林学院, 长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室, 成都 611130

收稿日期:2023-09-27 接受日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-04-09
通讯作者: *李晗(hannahlisc@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31901295);中国博士后科学基金(2023M732500);中国博士后科学基金(2022M722297);四川省自然科学基金(2024NSFSC0354)

Contribution of litter-derived carbon to soil organic carbon fractions and its response to freezing-thaw cycling in a subalpine forest

ZHANG Yu, DU Ting, CHEN Yu-Lian, ZHU He-Meng, TAN Bo, YOU Cheng-Ming, ZHANG Li, XU Zhen-Feng, LI Han^*()

Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2023-09-27 Accepted:2024-04-08 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-04-09
Contact: *LI Han (hannahlisc@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901295);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732500);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722297);Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0354)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球变暖对高海拔地区土壤冻融循环作用的影响日益加剧, 而凋落物碳作为森林土壤有机碳的主要来源, 其对土壤各有机碳组分的贡献及如何响应冻融循环作用尚不清晰。该研究通过室内模拟冻融循环实验和稳定同位素示踪技术, 利用¹³C标记云杉(Picea asperata)凋落物(根、枝、叶), 探究了冻融作用下亚高山森林凋落物源碳对土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、腐殖质碳(HC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和矿质结合有机碳(MAOC)的贡献。培养30天后, 凋落物碳对土壤POC和MBC的贡献率分别为13.1%和9.0%, 显著高于其他有机碳组分; 不同类型凋落物对土壤各有机碳组分的贡献差异显著, 其中根对POC、MAOC和HC的贡献率显著低于枝和叶。冻融作用显著提高了土壤DOC和MBC中凋落物源碳的贡献率, 而降低了土壤POC、MAOC和HC中凋落物碳贡献率。相关性分析结果显示, 土壤碳获取相关酶活性与凋落物源碳对土壤有机碳贡献率呈显著正相关关系。表明在亚高山森林凋落物分解初期, 冻融作用的发生有利于凋落物源碳在土壤DOC和MBC等活性有机碳组分中的积累, 但抑制了其在MAOC和HC等土壤稳定有机碳中的固存。研究结果有助于深入理解森林凋落物归还对土壤有机碳固持的贡献, 为全球气候变化背景下亚高山森林土壤碳库的经营管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 冻融作用, 凋落物分解, 土壤有机碳, δ¹³C

Abstract:

Aims The impact of global warming on soil freeze-thaw cycling in high-altitude area is increasing. However, the contribution of litter-derived carbon to various soil organic carbon fractions and its response to freeze-thaw cycling remains unclear.

Methods The study utilized an indoor simulated freeze-thaw cycling experiment and stable isotope tracing technique, using ¹³C-labeled Picea asperate litter (root, twig, leaf), to explore the contribution of litter-derived carbon to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), humus carbon (HC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) in soil under freeze-thaw cycles.

Important findings The results showed that: after 30 days of incubation, litter-derived carbon significantly contributed to soil POC and MBC, accounting for 13.1% and 9.0%, respectively. The contribution of litter to different soil organic carbon fractions varied among different organs, with roots exhibiting a significantly lower contribution rate to POC, MAOC, and HC compared to twigs and leaves. Under freeze-thaw cycles, litter carbon contributed more to soil DOC and MBC, while showing a lower contribution rate to soil POC, MAOC, and HC. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between soil carbon acquisition-related activity enzymes and the contribution of litter-derived carbon to soil organic carbon. These findings indicate that freeze-thaw processes facilitate the accumulation of litter-derived carbon in active organic carbon fractions such as soil DOC and MBC, but inhibit the sequestration of plant-derived carbon in stable soil organic carbon during the initial litter decomposition period in subalpine forests. The research findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the contribution of forest litter return to soil organic carbon fractions, providing a scientific basis for the management and operation of soil carbon pools in subalpine forests under the backdrop of climate change.

Key words: freeze-thaw cycle, litter decomposition, soil organic carbon, δ¹³C

张玉, 杜婷, 陈玉莲, 朱和萌, 谭波, 游成铭, 张丽, 徐振锋, 李晗. 冻融作用对亚高山森林土壤有机碳组分中不同凋落物源碳贡献的影响. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(11): 1422-1433. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0278

ZHANG Yu, DU Ting, CHEN Yu-Lian, ZHU He-Meng, TAN Bo, YOU Cheng-Ming, ZHANG Li, XU Zhen-Feng, LI Han. Contribution of litter-derived carbon to soil organic carbon fractions and its response to freezing-thaw cycling in a subalpine forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(11): 1422-1433. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0278

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0278

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I11/1422

图/表 7

表1 土壤胞外酶酶底物浓度

Table 1 Substrate concentration of soil extracellular enzymes

分类 Classification	胞外酶 Extracellular enzyme	酶底物浓度 Enzyme substrate concentration
水解酶 Hydrolase	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	5 mmol·L^-1 pNP-phosphate
	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	5 mmol·L^-1 pNP-β-glucopyranoside
	纤维二糖水解酶 Cellobiohydrolase	5 mmol·L^-1 pNP-cellobioside
	β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase	5 mmol·L^-1 pNP-β-N-acetylglucosaminide
	亮氨酸氨基肽酶 Leucine aminopeptidase	5 mmol·L^-1 Leucine p-nitroanilide
氧化酶 Oxidase	多酚氧化酶 Polyphenol oxidase	5 mmol·L^-1 Dihydroxy-phenylalanine
氧化酶 Oxidase	过氧化物酶 Peroxidase	5 mmol·L^-1 Dihydroxy-phenylalanine + 0.3% H₂O₂

表2 冻融作用、凋落物器官和培养时间对亚高山森林土壤各有机碳组分碳同位素比值(δ13C)的影响

Table 2 Effects of freeze-thaw cycle, litter organ and decomposition period on δ13C of various soil organic carbon fractions in a subalpine forest

变异来源 Source of variance	δ¹³C-DOC (‰)		δ¹³C-MBC (‰)		δ¹³C-POC (‰)		δ¹³C-MAOC (‰)		δ¹³C-HC (‰)
变异来源 Source of variance	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
冻融 Freeze-thaw	2 076.98	0.000	79.32	0.000	4.97	0.035	6.82	0.015	16.67	0.000
器官 Organ	1 156.73	0.000	286.93	0.000	1.39	0.267	0.32	0.728	1.58	0.226
培养时间 Period	0.38	0.542	1.24	0.277	27.79	0.000	3.83	0.062	59.67	0.000
冻融×器官 Freeze-thaw × organ	674.11	0.000	10.36	0.001	4.10	0.029	14.55	0.000	12.85	0.000
冻融×培养时间 Freeze-thaw × period	1 460.01	0.000	85.15	0.000	1.26	0.273	95.91	0.000	2.62	0.119
器官×培养时间 Organ × period	636.85	0.000	22.63	0.000	1.24	0.306	21.60	0.000	2.78	0.082
冻融×器官×培养时间 Freeze-thaw × organ × period	353.77	0.000	14.85	0.000	1.76	0.194	2.61	0.094	0.34	0.716

图1 亚高山森林土壤各有机碳组分碳同位素比值(δ13C) (平均值±标准误)。DOC, 可溶性有机碳; HC, 腐殖质碳; MAOC, 矿质结合有机碳; MBC, 微生物生物量碳; POC, 颗粒有机碳。*, 冻融作用与对照间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Carbon isotopic ratio (δ13C) of various soil organic carbon fractions in a subalpine forest (mean ± SE). DOC, dissolved organic carbon; HC, humus carbon; MAOC, mineral associated organic carbon; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; POC, particulate organic carbon. * indicates significant differences between freeze-thaw cycle and control (p < 0.05).

图2 亚高山森林凋落物碳对土壤各有机碳组分的贡献率(平均值±标准误)。DOC, 可溶性有机碳; HC, 腐殖质碳; MAOC, 矿质结合有机碳; MBC, 微生物生物量碳; POC, 颗粒有机碳。*, 冻融处理与对照间差异显著; 不同大写字母表示同一处理下不同凋落物器官间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Contribution of litter-derived carbon to various soil organic carbon fractions in a subalpine forest (mean ± SE). DOC, dissolved organic carbon; HC, humus carbon; MAOC, mineral associated organic carbon; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; POC, particulate organic carbon. * indicates significant differences between freeze-thaw cycle and control; different uppercase letters indicates significant differences among different litter organs in the same incubation day (p < 0.05).

图3 亚高山森林凋落物碳源平均贡献率(平均值±标准误)。A, 土壤各有机碳组分平均贡献率。B, 凋落物器官平均贡献率。DOC, 可溶性有机碳; HC, 腐殖质碳; MAOC, 矿质结合有机碳; MBC, 微生物生物量碳; POC, 颗粒有机碳。*, 冻融处理与对照间差异显著; 不同大写字母表示同一处理下不同凋落物器官、不同土壤有机碳组分间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Average contribution of litter-derived carbon in a subalpine forest (mean ± SE). A, Average contribution of various soil organic carbon fractions. B, Various litter organs average contribution. DOC, dissolved organic carbon; HC, humus carbon; MAOC, mineral associated organic carbon; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; POC, particulate organic carbon. * indicates significant difference between freeze-thaw cycle and control; different uppercase letters indicated significant differences among different litter organs and different soil organic carbon in the same incubation day (p < 0.05).

表3 冻融作用、凋落物器官和培养时间对亚高山森林土壤各有机碳组分中凋落物碳贡献率的影响

Table 3 Effects of freeze-thaw cycle, litter organ and decomposition period on contribution of litter-derived carbon to different soil organic carbon fractions in a subalpine forest

变异来源 Source of variance	DOC贡献率 Contribution to DOC (%)		MBC贡献率 Contribution to MBC (%)		POC贡献率 Contribution to POC (%)		MAOC贡献率 Contribution to MAOC (%)		HC贡献率 Contribution to HC (%)
变异来源 Source of variance	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
冻融 Freeze-thaw	5 119.84	0.000	931.05	0.000	120.60	0.000	3.76	0.132	96.44	0.000
器官 Organ	229.66	0.000	848.32	0.000	110.39	0.000	190.35	0.000	87.50	0.000
培养时间 Period	462.55	0.000	4.11	0.054	5.75	0.025	42.83	0.000	8.03	0.011
冻融×器官 Freeze-thaw × organ	940.69	0.000	77.77	0.000	23.01	0.000	44.47	0.000	56.92	0.000
冻融×培养时间 Freeze-thaw × period	7 860.27	0.000	127.08	0.000	75.22	0.000	165.64	0.000	6.56	0.006
器官×培养时间 Organ × period	1 601.80	0.000	677.13	0.000	5.60	0.010	58.45	0.000	7.67	0.003
冻融×器官×培养时间 Freeze-thaw × organ × period	57.48	0.000	133.02	0.000	24.35	0.000	26.40	0.000	2.80	0.074

图4 亚高山森林凋落物碳对土壤各有机碳组分贡献率与土壤胞外酶活性、微生物生物量元素含量的相关性分析。AP, 酸性磷酸酶; BG, β-葡萄糖苷酶; CBH, 纤维素水解酶; LAP, 亮氨酸氨基肽酶; MBC, 微生物生物量碳; MBN, 微生物生物量氮; NAG, β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶; POD, 过氧化物酶; PPO, 多酚氧化酶。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 4 Correlation analysis of contribution of litter-derived carbon to various soil organic carbon fractions with soil extracellular enzymes activity and microbial biomass in a subalpine forest. AP, acid phosphatase; BG, β-Glucosidase; CBH, cellulose hydrolase; LAP, leucine aminopeptidase; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen; NAG, β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase; POD, peroxidase; PPO, polyphenol oxidase. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

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冻融作用对亚高山森林土壤有机碳组分中不同凋落物源碳贡献的影响

Contribution of litter-derived carbon to soil organic carbon fractions and its response to freezing-thaw cycling in a subalpine forest

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