长期凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0291

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 1078-1088.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0291 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0291

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

长期凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

彭思瑞¹, 张慧玲¹, 孙兆林², 赵学超², 田鹏², 陈迪马¹, 王清奎², 刘圣恩³^,^*()

¹三峡大学生物与制药学院, 湖北宜昌 443002
²安徽农业大学林学与园林学院, 合肥 230036
³福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002

收稿日期:2023-10-13 接受日期:2024-02-08 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-04-24
通讯作者: *刘圣恩(liu_iae@163.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32101491);国家自然科学基金(32171752);中国博士后科学基金(2022T150375);中国博士后科学基金(2021M701968)

Effects of long-term litter removal on soil organic carbon and multiple components in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest

PENG Si-Rui¹, ZHANG Hui-Ling¹, SUN Zhao-Lin², ZHAO Xue-Chao², TIAN Peng², CHEN Di-Ma¹, WANG Qing-Kui², LIU Sheng-En³^,^*()

¹College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
²School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
³College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received:2023-10-13 Accepted:2024-02-08 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-04-24
Contact: *LIU Sheng-En(liu_iae@163.com)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101491);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171752);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022T150375);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701968)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落叶和根系输入是土壤有机碳(SOC)的重要植物来源, 探讨凋落叶和根系去除对SOC及其组分的影响有利于深入理解森林生态系统SOC的积累机制。该研究依托中国科学院湖南会同森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站长达12年的凋落物去除实验(对照、凋落叶去除、根系去除、凋落叶和根系同时去除), 比较了亚热带杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林凋落叶和根系对SOC及其组分和各组分对总有机碳碳库相对贡献的影响及季节动态。结果表明: 凋落叶和根系去除均会降低SOC含量, 且不同凋落物去除对碳组分的相对影响各不相同。具体表现为: 凋落叶去除对SOC、土壤矿质结合态有机碳(MAOC)和重组分有机碳(HFOC)含量的负效应显著大于根系去除, 而根系去除对土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)含量的负效应显著大于凋落叶去除, 凋落叶和根系同时去除对轻组分有机碳(LFOC)含量的负效应大于其他处理。相关性分析和冗余分析表明: 碳组分含量与土壤全氮含量、碳氮比均呈正相关关系。此外, 季节对POC和LFOC含量以及不同碳组分对总有机碳碳库的贡献有显著影响。夏季土壤碳组分含量与全磷含量和碳磷比的相关性明显高于冬季。该研究为长期凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林SOC及其组分的影响提供了证据, 有助于探究SOC的积累机制对凋落物去除的响应。

关键词: 凋落叶去除, 根系去除, 土壤有机碳, 碳组分, 季节动态, 杉木林

Abstract:

Aims Leaf litter and root input are two major resource of soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. Quantifying the effects of leaf litter and root removal on SOC pool and its multiple components has implication for understanding the mechanisms of SOC stabilization in forest ecosystem.

Methods Based on a long-term (12 years) litter removal experiment including control (CK), leaf litter removal (NL), root removal (NR), and both leaf litter and root removal (NLR) that conducted in Hunan Huitong Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, we compared the relative importance of leaf litter and root removal on multiple components of SOC pool in a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in different season.

Important findings Although leaf litter and root removal both reduced SOC content, the relative contribution of leaf litter and root removal on multiple SOC components were different. Specifically, the NL reduced more SOC, soil mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) contents than NR and NLR. While, the NR decreased more soil particulate organic carbon (POC) content than NL and NR. In contrast, the NLR had more negative effect on light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) content than other two treatments. Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis showed that SOC components contents were positively correlated with soil total nitrogen content and carbon to nitrogen ratio. Besides, seasonal variability had significant effects on POC, LFOC contents, and their contribution of multiple carbon components to SOC. Moreover, the correlation between SOC component contents and total phosphorus content and carbon to phosphorus ratio was enhanced in winter compared with summer. Taken together, our study provides new evidence for the long-term effects of long-term litter removal on SOC and its multiple components in Chinese fir plantation, which has implications for predicting the response and feedback of SOC accumulation to global changes.

Key words: leaf litter removal, root removal, soil organic carbon, carbon component, seasonal variability, Chinese fir plantation

彭思瑞, 张慧玲, 孙兆林, 赵学超, 田鹏, 陈迪马, 王清奎, 刘圣恩. 长期凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳及其组分的影响. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(8): 1078-1088. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0291

PENG Si-Rui, ZHANG Hui-Ling, SUN Zhao-Lin, ZHAO Xue-Chao, TIAN Peng, CHEN Di-Ma, WANG Qing-Kui, LIU Sheng-En. Effects of long-term litter removal on soil organic carbon and multiple components in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(8): 1078-1088. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0291

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0291

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I8/1078

图/表 6

表1 会同杉木林凋落物去除处理描述

Table 1 Description of the litter removal treatment at the Huitong Cunninghamia lanceolata forest

处理 Treatment	描述 Description
对照 Control (CK)	不做任何处理, 保留凋落物原始状态输入 Retain the original litter input without any processing
凋落叶去除 Leaf litter removal (NL)	首先彻底清除地上凋落物, 之后在实验小区边缘及中心插入9根PVC管露出地面0.5 m, 在其上放置孔径为1 mm的筛网用以阻绝凋落枝叶, 每月清理筛网 The original aboveground litter was carefully removed at the beginning, and then 9 PVC pipes were inserted at the edge and center of the experimental plot to expose 0.5 m to the ground, and a screen with an aperture of 1 mm was placed on it to prevent the falling litter. The screen was cleaned monthly
根系去除 Root removal (NR)	在实验小区四周挖60 cm的深沟, 之后插入0.35 mm厚的聚乙烯板以防止其他根部生长到实验小区内 Trenching the perimeter to 60 cm, inserting a 0.35 mm-thick polyethylene sheet along the bottom and sides of the trench to prevent other roots from growing into the experimental plot
凋落叶和根系同时去除 Leaf litter and root removal (NLR)	NL和NR处理组合, 凋落叶和根系输入均去除 NL and NR treatments were combined to remove both leaf litter and root input

表2 不同季节凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林壤理化性质的影响(平均值+标准误)

Table 2 Effects of litter removal on soil properties in different seasons in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (mean土SE)

图1 不同季节凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳及其组分的影响及多因素方差分析(平均值±标准误)。不同小写、大写字母分别表示夏季、冬季不同处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。CK, 对照; NL, 凋落叶去除; NLR, 凋落叶和根系同时去除; NR, 根系去除。Season, 季节。

Fig. 1 Multi-factor analysis reveal the effect of litter removal on soil organic carbon and multiple components in different seasons in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (mean ± SE). Different lowercase or uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments in summer or winter (p < 0.05). *, p <0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. CK, control; NL, leaf litter removal; NLR, leaf litter and root removal; NR, root removal.

表3 不同季节凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳组分占总有机碳比例的影响及多因素方差分析(平均值±标准误)

Table 3 Multi-factor analysis of variance reveal the effect of litter removal on ratios of carbon components to soil organic carbon in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (mean ± SE)

季节 Season	处理 Treatment	HFOC (%)	LFOC (%)	POC (%)	MAOC (%)	ROC (%)	NROC (%)	DOC (%)	MBC (%)
夏季 Summer	CK	87.0 ± 0.2^b	13.0 ± 0.2^b	18.2 ± 1.1^ab	81.8 ± 1.1^ab	27.4 ± 0.8^b	72.6 ± 0.8^a	1.6 ± 0.0^a	0.5 ± 0.2^a
	NL	84.8 ± 0.2^c	15.2 ± 0.2^a	20.4 ± 0.7^a	79.6 ± 0.7^b	29.0 ± 0.7^b	71.0 ± 0.7^a	1.8 ± 0.1^a	0.8 ± 0.2^a
	NR	88.4 ± 0.6^ab	11.6 ± 0.6^bc	15.6 ± 0.7^b	84.4 ± 0.7^a	47.3 ± 3.5^a	52.7 ± 3.5^b	1.8 ± 0.0^a	0.7 ± 0.2^a
	NLR	90.0 ± 1.1^a	9.9 ± 1.1^c	18.3 ± 0.7^a	81.7 ± 0.7^b	38.0 ± 5.9^a	56.0 ± 2.4^b	1.7 ± 0.1^a	0.9 ± 0.2^a
冬季 Winter	CK	89.5 ± 0.8^A	10.5 ± 0.8^A	15.2 ± 0.8^A	84.8 ± 0.8^B	38.2 ± 2.8^A	56.0 ± 4.9^B	1.7 ± 0.0^A	1.2 ± 0.0^A
	NL	90.0 ± 0.7^A	10.0 ± 0.7^A	15.5 ± 0.8^A	84.5 ± 0.8^B	27.8 ± 4.0^B	66.8 ± 2.3^A	1.9 ± 0.0^A	1.4 ± 0.3^A
	NR	91.2 ± 0.5^A	8.7 ± 0.5^A	11.8 ± 0.2^B	88.2 ± 0.2^A	26.2 ± 0.2^B	71.9 ± 1.8^A	1.7 ± 0.0^A	1.0 ± 0.1^A
	NLR	91.5 ± 0.8^A	8.4 ± 0.8^A	15.9 ± 0.9^A	84.1 ± 0.9^B	33.3 ± 0.7^AB	63.8 ± 0.7^A	1.6 ± 0.2^A	1.2 ± 0.6^A
NL				***	**
NR		***	***	**	**	**	**
Season		**	**	***	***				*
NLR								*
NL × Season
NR × Season						***	**
NLR × Season		*	*			**	**

图2 亚热带杉木林不同季节土壤碳组分与土壤理化因子的相关关系。空心圆表示正相关, 实心圆表示负相关。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。C:N, 碳氮比; C:P, 碳磷比; DOC, 可溶性有机碳含量; DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; HFOC, 重组分有机碳含量; LFOC, 轻组分有机碳含量; MAOC, 矿质结合态有机碳含量; MBC, 微生物生物量碳含量; MBN, 微生物生物量氮含量; N:P, 氮磷比; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; NROC, 不易氧化有机碳含量; POC, 颗粒有机碳含量; ROC, 易氧化有机碳含量; SWC, 土壤含水量; TN, 全氮含量; TP, 全磷含量。

Fig. 2 Pearsonʼs correlations between soil organic carbon fractions and soil properties in different seasons in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest. Hollow circles indicate positive correlation and solid circles indicate negative correlation. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001. C:N, carbon to nitrogen ratio; C:P, carbon to phosphorus ratio; DOC, dissolved organic carbon content; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; HFOC, heavy fraction organic carbon content; LFOC, light fraction organic carbon content; MAOC, mineral-associated organic carbon content; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; N:P, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio; NH4+-N, ammonia nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; NROC, non-readily oxidizable carbon content; POC, particulate organic carbon content; ROC, readily oxidizable carbon content; SWC, soil water content content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content.

图3 亚热带杉木林不同季节凋落物去除处理土壤碳组分差异冗余分析(RDA)。C:N, 碳氮比; C:P, 碳磷比; DON, 可溶性有机氮含量; MBN, 微生物生物量氮含量; N:P, 氮磷比; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; SWC, 土壤含水量; TIN, 总无机氮含量; TN, 全氮含量; TP, 全磷含量。CK, 对照; NL, 凋落叶去除; NLR, 凋落叶和根系去除; NR, 根系去除。

Fig. 3 Redundancy analysis (RDA) reveal the potential mechanisms that litter removal affect soil carbon components by regulating soil properties in different seasons in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest. C:N, carbon to nitrogen ratio; C:P, carbon to phosphorus ratio; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen content; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen content; N:P, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio; NH4+-N, ammonia nitrogen content; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen content; SWC, soil water content; TIN, total inorganic nitrogen content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content. CK, control; NL, leaf litter removal; NLR, leaf litter and root removal; NR, root removal.

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长期凋落物去除对亚热带杉木林土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

Effects of long-term litter removal on soil organic carbon and multiple components in subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata forest

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