科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤真菌-细菌共现模式

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0362

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 1556-1568.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0362 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0362

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤真菌-细菌共现模式

滕安萍¹, 刘明慧¹, 高广磊¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), 丁国栋¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, 张英¹^,⁴^,⁵, 李启研¹

¹北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
²林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
³宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 宁夏盐池 751500
⁴林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心, 北京 100083
⁵水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-10-20 接受日期:2025-08-25 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-23
通讯作者: ^*高广磊: ORCID: 0000-0002-0486-1532 (gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32371962)

Soil fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in Horqin Desert

TENG An-Ping¹, LIU Ming-Hui¹, GAO Guang-Lei¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,⁵^,^*()(), DING Guo-Dong¹^,³^,⁴^,⁵, ZHANG Ying¹^,⁴^,⁵, LI Qi-Yan¹

¹School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
³Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert, Yanchi, Ningxia 751500, China
⁴Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
⁵Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-10-20 Accepted:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-23
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371962)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤真菌-细菌群落的相互作用对于维持微生境平衡至关重要。然而, 目前对于真菌-细菌群落共现模式的主要调控因素尚不清楚。为揭示科尔沁沙地樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)人工林土壤真菌-细菌群落间相互作用, 以中龄、近熟和成熟樟子松人工林土壤为研究对象, 以沙质草地为对照, 基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术, 采用分子生态网络分析法比较分析樟子松人工林土壤真菌-细菌网络特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明: (1)随林龄增加, 土壤真菌-细菌网络复杂性降低。中龄林真菌-细菌群落交互最密集, 网络抗干扰能力最强, 稳定性最高。与樟子松人工林相比, 沙质草地土壤真菌-细菌网络更复杂。人工林和沙质草地均以细菌群落间的协同关系为主, 表明细菌群落间的相互作用更加密集。(2)关键节点在不同林龄土壤真菌-细菌网络中存在差异且均为细菌运算分类单元(OTU)。中龄林网络关键节点最多, 其中变形菌门的关键节点占比最大。酸杆菌门在中龄林和近熟林共生网络中均为关键节点, 表明变形菌门和酸杆菌门在维持真菌-细菌网络稳定中起关键作用, 而沙质草地未识别到关键节点。(3)人工林土壤真菌-细菌网络复杂性主要受土壤速效磷含量和土壤含水量的影响, 网络稳定性与土壤有机质和速效磷含量显著相关。研究结果有助于深入理解科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤真菌-细菌共现网络特征, 服务樟子松人工林的可持续经营管理。

关键词: 樟子松, 微生物, 共现网络, 土壤, 林龄

Abstract:

Aims The interactions between soil fungal and bacterial communities are crucial for maintaining microhabitat balance. However, the key factors regulating their co-occurrence patterns remain poorly understood. The study aims to reveal the interactions between fungal and bacterial communities in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in Horqin Desert. Soil samples were collected from plantations of different stand ages (half-mature, near-mature, and mature forest) with a reference sandy grassland as control.
Methods Based on the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, molecular ecological network analysis was conducted to investigate the characteristics and driving factors of soil fungal-bacterial networks in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations.
Important findings The results revealed that: (1) as stand age increased, the complexity of soil fungal-bacterial network decreased. The half-mature forest exhibited the most intense fungal-bacterial interactions, with the highest stability and resistance to disturbance. In contrast, the sandy grassland displayed a more complex network overall. The synergistic relationships predominated among bacterial communities in both the plantation and sandy grassland, indicating a more intensive interaction within bacterial communities. (2) Key nodes of the soil fungal-bacterial network varied across different stand ages, with all identified key nodes being bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The half-mature forest exhibited the highest number of key nodes, with Proteobacteria representing the largest proportion. Acidobacteria were identified as key nodes in the co-occurrence networks of both the half-mature and near-mature forests. These results suggest that Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria play crucial roles in maintaining the stability of the fungal-bacterial network, while no key nodes were identified in the sandy grassland. (3) The complexity of soil fungal-bacterial network was primarily influenced by soil available phosphorus and water content, while the network’s stability was significantly correlated with soil organic matter and available phosphorus content. These findings enhance our understanding of the soil fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network and provide valuable insights for the sustainable management of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantations.

Key words: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, microorganisms, co-occurrence network, soil, stand age

滕安萍, 刘明慧, 高广磊, 丁国栋, 张英, 李启研. 科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤真菌-细菌共现模式. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(9): 1556-1568. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0362

TENG An-Ping, LIU Ming-Hui, GAO Guang-Lei, DING Guo-Dong, ZHANG Ying, LI Qi-Yan. Soil fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in Horqin Desert. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(9): 1556-1568. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0362

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I9/1556

图/表 10

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样地 Plot	林龄 Stand age (a)	平均树高 Average height (m)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	林分密度 Stand density (plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density
HQh	26	10.26 ± 1.47	16.93 ± 2.81	1 650	0.72
HQn	33	10.61 ± 1.03	14.06 ± 2.44	1 650	0.75
HQm	43	11.12 ± 1.74	21.07 ± 1.02	1 650	0.68
HQG	-	-	-	-	0.75

样地 Plot	林龄 Stand age (a)	平均树高 Average height (m)	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	林分密度 Stand density (plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density
HQh	26	10.26 ± 1.47	16.93 ± 2.81	1 650	0.72
HQn	33	10.61 ± 1.03	14.06 ± 2.44	1 650	0.75
HQm	43	11.12 ± 1.74	21.07 ± 1.02	1 650	0.68
HQG	-	-	-	-	0.75

	引物 Primer	引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence (5′-3′)	目标基因 Target genes	目标区 Target area
细菌 Bacteria	338F	CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG	16S	V3-V4
细菌 Bacteria	806R	ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGG	16S	V3-V4
真菌 Fungi	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGACGAAGTAA	ITS	ITS1
真菌 Fungi	ITS2	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	ITS	ITS1

	引物 Primer	引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence (5′-3′)	目标基因 Target genes	目标区 Target area
细菌 Bacteria	338F	CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG	16S	V3-V4
细菌 Bacteria	806R	ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGG	16S	V3-V4
真菌 Fungi	ITS1F	CTTGGTCATTTAGACGAAGTAA	ITS	ITS1
真菌 Fungi	ITS2	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC	ITS	ITS1

拓扑参数 Topological parameter		HQG	HQh	HQn	HQm
经验网络 Empirical networks	节点 Node	757	1 369	1 200	873
	边 Edge	6 551	9 901	3 169	2 275
	正相关 Positive (%)	99.69	99.23	99.18	99.16
	负相关 Negative (%)	0.31	0.77	0.82	0.84
	平均度 Average degree	17.308	14.465	5.282	5.212
	图直径 Graph diameter	44	37	29	18
	图密度 Graph density	0.023	0.011	0.004	0.006
	平均路径长度 Average path distance	14.746	14.512	9.020	4.574
	聚类系数 Clustering coefficient	0.771	0.745	0.596	0.700
	模块化 Modularity	0.801	0.647	0.865	0.813
随机网络 Random networks	平均路径长度 Average path distance	2.640	2.967	4.452	4.275
	平均聚类系数 Average clustering coefficient	0.022	0.011	0.004	0.007
	模块化 Modularity	0.200	0.220	0.426	0.427

科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤真菌-细菌共现模式

Soil fungal-bacterial co-occurrence network of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in Horqin Desert

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样地 Plot	细菌间正相关 Positive correlation between bacteria	细菌与真菌正相关 Positive correlation between bacteria and fungi	真菌间正相关 Positive correlation between fungi	细菌间负相关 Negative correlation between bacteria	细菌与真菌负相关 Negative correlation between bacteria and fungi	真菌间负相关 Negative correlation between fungi
HQG	3 658	2 312	561	15	5	0
HQh	6 402	2 805	618	66	10	0
HQn	2 465	416	262	25	1	0
HQm	1 567	486	203	8	9	2

样地 Plot	OTU	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	功能类型 Functional type
HQG	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
HQh	OTU 1191	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	δ变形菌纲 Deltaproteobacteria	SAR324_ cladeMarine_ group_B	-	-	未知 Unassigned
	OTU 1432	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	δ变形菌纲 Deltaproteobacteria	硫还原菌目 Desulfurellales	硫还原菌科 Desulfurellaceae	G55	硫呼吸, 硫化物的呼吸 Sulfur respiration, respiration of sulfur compounds
	OTU 2119	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	δ变形菌纲 Deltaproteobacteria	黏球菌目 Myxococcales	海藻科 Haliangiaceae	黏细菌属 Haliangium	捕食型或寄生型 Predatory or exoparasitic
	OTU 218	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	γ变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria	黄单胞菌目 Xanthomonadales	黄色单胞菌科 Xanthomonadaceae	-	未知 Unassigned
	OTU 232	蓝藻门 Cyanobacteria	黑水仙菌纲 Melainabacteria	红色杆菌目 Obscuribacterales	-	-	非光合蓝藻 Non-photosynthetic cyanobacteria
	OTU 74	变形菌门 Proteobacteria	γ变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria	黄单胞菌目 Xanthomonadales	黄单胞菌科 Xanthomonadaceae	砂单胞菌属 Arenimonas	好氧化能异养, 化能异养 Aerobic chemoheterotrophy, chemoheterotrophy
	OTU 895	单糖菌门 Saccharibacteria	-	-	-	-	未知 Unassigned
	OTU 903	酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	索利氏菌纲 Solibacteres	土菌目 Solibacterales	Solibacteraceae_ Subgroup_3	-	未知 Unassigned
HQn	OTU 1623	酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria	Subgroup_6	-	-	-	未知 Unassigned
HQm	OTU 1095	匿杆菌门 Latescibacteria	-	-	-	-	未知 Unassigned

土壤因子 Soil factor	HQG	HQh	HQn	HQm
含水量 Water content (%)	6.13 ± 1.18^b	7.37 ± 0.99^a	6.75 ± 0.91^ab	5.79 ± 0.35^b
pH	6.54 ± 1.11^a	6.46 ± 0.35^a	6.65 ± 0.78^a	6.16 ± 0.47^a
全氮含量 Total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	0.60 ± 0.11^a	0.61 ± 0.06^a	0.64 ± 0.11^a	0.27 ± 0.17^b
全磷含量 Total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	0.09 ± 0.02^a	0.08 ± 0.03^a	0.11 ± 0.05^a	0.12 ± 0.03^a
有机质含量 Organic matter content (g·kg^-1)	1.69 ± 0.39^c	3.63 ± 1.74^bc	6.00 ± 3.33^ab	7.49 ± 3.45^a
铵态氮含量 Ammonia nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	4.98 ± 0.74^a	4.72 ± 1.24^a	4.32 ± 0.74^a	4.41 ± 0.58^a
硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	3.60 ± 1.72^b	3.77 ± 0.77^b	3.78 ± 0.45^b	6.59 ± 2.89^a
速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	12.49 ± 1.22^a	2.31 ± 0.48^b	2.15 ± 0.60^b	2.73 ± 1.78^b
速效钾含量 Available kalium content (mg·kg^-1)	60.96 ± 31.92^a	67.33 ± 7.68^a	30.76 ± 11.89^b	29.23 ± 5.58^b

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