秋季水位波动频率对喜旱莲子草、粉绿狐尾藻和水龙的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水位波动对水生植物的生长有显著影响。该文通过设置0次(对照)、1次、2次和4次水位波动频率, 研究了入侵种喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、外来种粉绿狐尾藻(又称聚叶狐尾藻, Myriophyllum aquaticum)和乡土种水龙(Ludwigia adscendens = Jussiaea reppens)对水位波动的形态和生理响应策略。结果显示: 水位波动对喜旱莲子草的分枝数、根冠比和最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)无明显影响, 但明显增加了株高(水位波动1次除外), 降低了生物量和叶绿素含量; 粉绿狐尾藻的分枝数和F_v/F_m在不同水位波动下无明显变化, 但株高在2次水位波动下明显增加, 根冠比在1次和4次水位波动下明显增加, 生物量和叶绿素含量(4次水位波动除外)在水位波动后明显降低; 水位波动明显降低了水龙的分枝数(2次水位波动除外)、株高(1次和2次水位波动除外)、总生物量(2次水位波动除外)和叶绿素含量, 但对水龙的根冠比和F_v/F_m无明显影响。水龙的分枝数、株高、总生物量、叶绿素含量和F_v/F_m在绝大部分水位波动处理下都明显大于喜旱莲子草和粉绿狐尾藻, 而且后二者间没有显著区别。以上结果说明在秋季这3个物种的生长都受到水位波动的抑制, 喜旱莲子草和粉绿狐尾藻在秋季水位波动生境中并不能表现出较强的生长能力, 但对水位波动具有较强的耐受性和可塑性, 这与入侵种较强的入侵性有关。应加强防范外来种粉绿狐尾藻的入侵。

关键词: 水位波动, 喜旱莲子草, 粉绿狐尾藻, 水龙, 形态, 生理

Abstract: Aims

In wetlands, water levels can fluctuate, which often disturbs local organisms, such as aquatic plants. The responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, and Ludwigia adscendens to water level fluctuations of different frequencies were examined here.

Methods

Water level fluctuations were simulated at four frequencies: static (0 frequency), one cycle (1 frequency), two cycles (2 frequency), and four cycles (4 frequency), and with fluctuation amplitudes (± 25 cm) during a 60 day experiment. Morphological and physiological traits of plants, including branching number, shoot length, total biomass, shoot root ratio, chlorophyll content, and maximum PSII quantum efficiency(F_v/F_m) were assessed.

Important findings

Water level fluctuation was found to have no significant impact on branching number, root shoot ratio, or F_v/F_m of A. philoxeroides,but all scenarios except 1 frequency were significantly associated with longer shoots and lower total biomass and chlorophyll content. The traits of M. aquaticumshowed different responses to water level fluctuation: branching number and F_v/F_m showed no changes, but shoot length (2 frequency) and root shoot ratio (1 and 4 frequency) increased significantly, and total biomass and chlorophyll content (expect 4 frequency) decreased. In L. adscendens, water level fluctuation was associated with lower branching number in all scenarios except 2 frequency, shoot length in all scenarios except 1 and 2 frequency, total biomass in all scenarios except 2 frequency, and chlorophyll content but had no significant effects on root shoot ratio or F_v/F_m. Under most water level fluctuation conditions, the branching number, shoot length, total biomass, chlorophyll content, and F_v/F_m of L. adscendens were significant higher than those of A. philoxeroides and M. aquaticum, and the latter two had no significant differences.

Results

suggested that water level fluctuations were the limiting factor for the growth of three species in autumn. Alternanthera philoxeroides and M. aquaticumdid not show higher invasiveness in environments in which the water level fluctuated in autumn but did show higher tolerance and plasticity in response to water level fluctuations in general. This was related to the invasiveness of introduced species.

Results

also indicated that preventive efforts focusing on potential invasion by M. aquaticum should be strengthened.

Key words: water level fluctuation, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Ludwigia adscendens, morphology, physiology

陈修文, 于丹, 刘春花. 秋季水位波动频率对喜旱莲子草、粉绿狐尾藻和水龙的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(5): 493-501. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

Xiu-Wen CHEN, Dan YU, Chun-Hua LIU. Effect of water level fluctuation frequency on Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens in autumn. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(5): 493-501. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I5/493

图/表 4

图1 水位波动频率示意图。

Fig. 1 Diagram of different frequency water-level fluctuation.

表1 实验期间水体物理化学指标(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 The physical and chemical index of the water during the experiment (means ± SE)

温度 Temperature (℃)	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg·L^-1)	电导率 Conductivity (ms·m^-1)	溶解性固体总量 Total dissolved solids (mg·L^-1)	盐度 Salinity (%)	pH值 pH value	水面光照 Light intensity on water surface (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
29.36 ± 2.86	5.06 ± 1.18	192.26 ± 16.52	115.32 ± 7.86	0.008 0 ± 0.000 6	8.79 ± 0.14	851.54 ± 322.38

表2 水位波动和物种对形态特征和生理特征影响的方差分析

Table 2 F and p values for two-way ANOVA of water level and species analysis for morphological and physiological traits

方差来源 Source of variation	处理 Treatment	物种 Species	处理×物种 Treatment × species
分枝数 Branching number	46.496^***	57.285^***	110.719^***
株高 Shoot length	11.593^**	116.742^***	136.719^***
总生物量 Total biomass	35.962^***	74.402^***	122.205^***
根冠比 Root shoot ratio	0.946^ns	0.932^ns	8.460^***
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	19.405^***	16.379^***	45.39^***
最大光化学量子产量 Maximum PSII quantum efficiency	6.934^ns	93.935^***	106.524^***

图2 喜旱莲子草、粉绿狐尾藻和水龙的分枝数(A)、株高(B)、总生物量(C)、根冠比(D)、叶绿素含量(E)和最大光化学量子产量(F)在不同水位波动频率下的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 20)。相同的字母表示处理间无显著差异(p > 0.05); 不同的字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Branching number (A), shoot length (B), total biomass (C), root shoot ratio (D), content of chlorophyll (E) and maximum PSII quantum efficiency (F) of Alternanthern philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens subjected to the different frequency of water-level fluctuation (mean ± SE, n = 20). Bars sharing the same letters indicate no significant differences among treatments (p > 0.05) and the different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

参考文献 41

1	Bailey-Serres J, Voesenek LACJ (2008). Flooding stress: Acclimations and genetic diversity.Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 313-339. DOI URL PMID
2	Barrat-Segretain MH (2001). Biomass allocation in three macrophyte species in relation to the disturbance level of their habitat.Freshwater Biology, 46, 935-945. DOI URL
3	Bj?rkman O, Demmig B (1987). Photon yield of O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta, 170, 489-504.
4	Chen HJ, Qualls RG, Blank RR (2005). Effects of soil flooding on photosynthesis, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the invasive exoticLepidium latifolium. Aquatic Botany, 82, 250-268.
5	Crawford RMM, Br?ndle R (1996). Oxygen deprivation stress in a changing environment.Journal of Experimental Botany, 47, 145-159. DOI URL
6	Fan SF, Yu HH, Liu CH, Yu D, Han YQ, Wang LG (2015). The effects of complete submergence on the morphological and biomass allocation response of the invasive plantAlternanthera philoxeroides. Hydrobiologia, 746, 159-169. DOI URL
7	Fang JY (2000). Global Ecology: Climate Change and Ecological Response. Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)[方精云 (2000). 全球生态学: 气候变化与生态响应. 高等教育出版社, 北京.]
8	Gasith A, Gafny S (1990). Effects of water level fluctuation on the structure and function of the littoral zone. In: Tilzer MM, Serruya C eds. Large Lakes: Ecological Structure and Function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 156-171.
9	Guo SL, Li YH (1998). Study on weed ecological relationships in autumn-harvested dry crop fields in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 16(1), 39-46. (in Chinese with English abstract)[郭水良, 李扬汉 (1998). 金华地区秋旱作物田杂草生态相似关系研究. 武汉植物学研究, 16, 39-46.]
10	Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X (2001). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis Cambridge University Press, Cambridge The Scientific Basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 1-881.
11	Hussner A, Meyer C, Busch J (2009). The influence of water level and nutrient availability on growth and root system development ofMyriophyllum aquaticum. Weed Research, 49, 73-80. DOI URL
12	Jing BH, Yuan LY (2015). Photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of five dominant submerged macrophytes in Honghu Lake.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 35, 344-349. (in Chinese with English abstract)[经博翰, 袁龙义 (2015). 洪湖5种优势沉水植物光合荧光特性比较研究. 西北植物学报, 35, 344-349.] DOI URL
13	Li M, Zhang LJ, Tao L, Li W (2008). Ecophysiological responses of Jussiaea repens to cadmium exposure.Aquatic Botany, 88, 347-352.
14	Li ZY, Hsieh CF (1996). New materials of the genus Myriophyllum L. (Haloragaceae) in Taiwan.Taiwania, 41, 322-328.
15	Lichtenthaler HK (1987). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.Methods in Enzymology, 148, 350-382.
16	Luo FL, Wang L, Zeng B, Ye XQ, Chen T, Liu D, Zhang YH (2006). Photosynthetic responses of the riparian plant Arundinella anomala Steud. in Three Gorges reservoir region as affected by simulated flooding.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26, 3602-3609. (in Chinese with English abstract)[罗芳丽, 王玲, 曾波, 叶小齐, 陈婷, 刘巅, 张艳红 (2006). 三峡库区岸生植物野古草(Arundinella anomala Steud.)光合作用对水淹的响应. 生态学报, 26, 3602-3609.]
17	Magnuson JJ, Webster KE, Assel RA, Bowser CJ, Dillon PJ, Eaton JG, Evans HE, Fee EJ, Hall RI, Mortsch LR (1997). Potential effects of climate changes on aquatic systems: Laurentian Great Lakes and Precambrian Shield Region.Hydrological Processes, 11, 825-871. DOI URL
18	Maucham A, Blanch S, Grillas P (2001). Effects of submergence on the growth of Phragmites australis seedlings.Aquatic Botany, 69, 147-164.
19	McConnaughay KDM, Coleman JS (1999). Biomass allocation in plants: Ontogeny or optimality? A test along three resource gradients.Ecology, 80, 2581-2593. DOI URL
20	McDowell SCL (2002). Photosynthetic characteristics of invasive and noninvasive species of Rubus (Rosaceae). American Journal of Botany, 89, 1431-1438. DOI URL PMID
21	Mommer L, Visser EJW (2005). Underwater photosynthesis in flooded terrestrial plants: A matter of leaf plasticity.Annals of Botany, 96, 581-589.
22	Pan XY, Geng YP, Zhang WJ, Li B, Chen JK (2006). Cover shift and morphological plasticity of invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides along a riparian zone in South China. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 30, 835-843. (in Chinese with English abstract)[潘晓云, 耿宇鹏, 张文驹, 李博, 陈家宽 (2006). 喜旱莲子草沿河岸带不同生境的盖度变化及形态可塑性. 植物生态学报, 30, 835-843.]
23	Schreiber U, Bilger W, Neubauer C (1995). Chlorophyll fluorescence as a nonintrusive indicator for rapid assessment of in vivo photosynthesis. Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis, 100, 49-70. DOI URL
24	Sobrino E, Sanz Elorza M, Dana ED (2002). Invasibility of a coastal strip in NE Spain by alien plants.Journal of Vegetation Science, 13, 585-594. DOI URL
25	Song YZ, Huang J, Qin BQ (2010). Effects of epiphyte on the rapid light curves of two submerged macrophytes in Lake Taihu.Journal of Lake Sciences, 22, 935-940. (in Chinese with English abstract)[宋玉芝, 黄瑾, 秦伯强 (2010). 附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响. 湖泊科学, 22, 935-940.] DOI URL
26	Strand JA, Weisner SEB (2001). Morphological plastic responses to water depth and wave exposure in an aquatic plant (Myriophyllum spicatum).Journal of Ecology, 89, 166-175.
27	Sutton DL, Bingham SW (1973). Anatomy of emersed parrotfeather.Hyacinth Control Journal, 11, 49-54.
28	Vartapetian BB, Jackson MB (1997). Plant adaptations to anaerobic stress.Annals of Botany, 79, 3-20. DOI URL
29	Wang SM, Dou HS (1998). Lakes in China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)[王苏民, 窦鸿身 (1998). 中国湖泊志. 科学出版社, 北京.]
30	Wang WG, Su XH, Tang XY, Hou YQ, Hu QC (2013). Environmental risk assessment and management of exotic wetland plants used for treatment of rural domestic sewage.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 29, 191-196. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王文国, 苏小红, 汤晓玉, 侯远青, 胡启春 (2013). 用于农村生活污水处理的常见外来湿地植物的环境风险评估与管理. 生态与农村环境学报, 29, 191-196.]
31	Wang XH, Ji MS (2013). Photosynthetic characteristics of an invasive plant Conyza canadensis and its associated plants.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 71-77. (in Chinese with English abstract)[王晓红, 纪明山 (2013). 入侵植物小飞蓬及其伴生植物的光合特性. 应用生态学报, 24, 71-77.]
32	Wei H, Cheng SP, Wu ZB (2010). Effects of hydrological characteristics on aquatic plants. Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 7, 13-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)[魏华, 成水平, 吴振斌 (2010). 水文特征对水生植物的影响. 现代农业科技, 7, 13-16.]
33	Wright SD, McConnaughay KDM (2002). Interpreting phenotypic plasticity: The importance of ontogeny.Plant Species Biology, 17(2-3), 119-131. DOI URL
34	Wu C, Chang XX, Dong HJ, Li DF, Liu JY (2008). Allelopathic inhibitory effect of Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. on Microcystis aeruginosa and its physiological mechanism. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28, 2595-2603. (in Chinese with English abstract)[吴程, 常学秀, 董红娟, 李地福, 刘军燕 (2008). 粉绿狐尾藻((Myriophyllum aquaticum)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的化感抑制效应及其生理机制. 生态学报, 28, 2595-2603.]
35	Yang YQ (2003). Effects of water level fluctuation on the growth of aquatic plants (an experimental ecological study). Master degree dissertation, Wuhan University, Wuhan. (in Chinese with English abstract)[杨永清 (2003). 水位波动对水生植物生长影响的实验生态学研究. 硕士学位论文, 武汉大学, 武汉.]
36	You WH, Fan SF, Yu D, Xie D, Liu CH (2014). An invasive clonal plant benefits from clonal integration more than a co-occurring native plant in nutrient-patchy and competitive environments.PLoS ONE, 9, e97246. DOI URL PMID
37	Yu LF, Yu D (2009). Responses of the threatened aquatic plant Ottelia alismoides to water level fluctuations. Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 174, 295-300. DOI URL
38	Yu LF, Yu D (2011). Differential responses of the floating- leaved aquatic plant Nymphoides peltata to gradual versus rapid increases in water levels.Aquatic Botany, 94, 71-76. DOI URL
39	Yuan L, Zhang LQ, Gu ZQ (2010). Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence of an invasive plant Spartina alterniflora to continuous waterlogging.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 30, 882-889. (in Chinese with English abstract)[袁琳, 张利权, 古志钦 (2010). 入侵植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)叶绿素荧光对淹水胁迫的响应. 环境科学学报, 30, 882-889.]
40	Zheng L, Feng YL (2005). The effects of ecophysiological traits on carbon gain in invasive plants.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 1430-1437. (in Chinese with English abstract)[郑丽, 冯玉龙 (2005). 入侵植物的生理生态特性对碳积累的影响. 生态学报, 25, 1430-1437.]
41	Zohary T, Ostrovsky I (2011). Ecological impacts of excessive water level fluctuations in stratified freshwater lakes. Inland Waters, 1, 47-59. DOI URL

[1]	马建辉, 童鑫, 张思榕, 毛子昆, 秦俊, 马克平. 菌根真菌生理生态功能研究进展及展望[J]. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 498-514.
[2]	邹纪开, 吴佳怡, 谷云懿, 陈宝明. 不同形态氮添加与丛枝菌根真菌对外来入侵植物白花鬼针草竞争力的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(3): 722-730.
[3]	李沁, 贺鹏程, 叶清. 华南国家植物园24种植物花与叶片功能性状变异[J]. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(2): 474-488.
[4]	李月琪, 麻仲花, 刘威帆, 苏明, 万猛虎, 李清云, 张丹, 刘吉利, 吴娜. 垂直深旋耕配施有机肥对盐碱地玉米叶片衰老特性及产量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 222-236.
[5]	梁天豪, 吴帆, 黄锦学, 景陈鸿, 傅贺菁, 杨智杰, 熊德成. 增温对中亚热带格氏栲天然林细根生长量及形态特征的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(1): 94-106.
[6]	邱志濠, 赵亭亭, 张庆芬, 刘佳怡, 苑晓彤, 杨逢建. 不同林型下杜香生理生化特性与适应性[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(7): 1144-1155.
[7]	上官瑶瑶, 苏世平, 顾雪丹, 张正中, 赵祜, 李毅, 魏星宇. 红砂幼苗对光周期和光质配比的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(5): 788-800.
[8]	王贝贝, 吴苏, 王苗苗, 胡锦涛. 日光诱导叶绿素荧光不同组分在作物总初级生产力估算中的贡献比例: 多时间尺度分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(4): 562-572.
[9]	陆珍, 谢光杰, Qaisar KHAN, 覃英, 黄毓燕, 郭道君, 杨婷婷, 杨丽涛, 邢永秀, 李杨瑞, 王震. 伯克霍尔德菌通过改善生理适应性及调节铝响应基因的表达增强甘蔗对铝胁迫的耐受性[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(3): 475-487.
[10]	田奥, 李苇洁, 曹洋, 贾真真, 曾松. 马缨杜鹃幼苗生长对土壤水分胁迫的响应及其生理机制[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(3): 488-501.
[11]	韩大勇, 李海燕, 张维, 杨允菲. 东北碱化草甸芦苇匍匐型分株超速生长过程及生理机制[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(2): 320-330.
[12]	徐波, 杨子松, 李波, 石福孙. 海拔对暗紫贝母功能性状及鳞茎药用成分含量的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2137-2148.
[13]	王惺琪, 范宇阳, 张维琛, 王博杰. 基于生态系统服务和景观形态的浑善达克沙地生态安全格局[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(12): 2030-2042.
[14]	焦荟颖, 刘立强, 杨佳鑫, 秦伟, 王睿哲. 新疆野苹果自然种群根际固氮菌、解磷菌及解钾菌对叶片养分和生理指标的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(7): 930-942.
[15]	邓蓓, 王晓锋, 廖君. 环境胁迫影响三峡库区消落带草本和木本植物生理生态特征的meta分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(5): 623-637.