林木树干呼吸变化及其影响因素研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树干呼吸是森林生态系统碳平衡的重要组成部分,它每年消耗碳同化总量(NPP)的11%~33%。受测定技术所限,过去对树干呼吸的研究未能引起足够的重视。近十几年来,由于大气CO₂温室气体浓度的持续升高,树干呼吸已成为研究的热点。测定树干呼吸的方法较多,早期一般采用气体交换法和密闭方法,最近利用便携式光合测定系统(Li-Cor6400)或土壤碳通量测量系统(Li-8100)对树干呼吸采用开路系统测定方法。大量研究结果表明: 1)树干呼吸的日变化呈双峰型曲线,即从早晨开始,树干呼吸速率随温度的上升而增加,到午间有所降低,之后逐渐增加,达到峰值后又逐渐降低。2)树干呼吸的季节动态为:生长季的树干呼吸速率明显高于非生长季,即从春季到夏季树干呼吸速率呈持续升高态势,高峰值出现在7或8月,尔后逐渐下降。树干呼吸活动是一个复杂的生物学过程,其影响因子较多。直接影响因子有气象因子(如温度、湿度和CO₂浓度)和生物因子(如树种、树龄、径阶、边材积和树干氮含量等);而纬度、海拔和地形因子通过影响气象因子或生物因子而间接影响树干呼吸。诸多因子中,树干温度对树干呼吸的贡献最大(Q₁₀可描述树干呼吸对温度升高的敏感性)。树干呼吸机理及其影响因子乃是今后研究的主要内容,一方面要采用统一的测量方法和技术,另一方面要综合考虑影响树干呼吸的内外因素,建立树干呼吸的相关模型,为构建森林生态系统碳循环模型、了解森林生态系统碳收支状况及其对大气CO₂浓度变化的贡献和对全球变化的响应提供理论依据。

关键词: 树干呼吸, 树干温度, CO₂浓度, 影响因子, 呼吸通量

Abstract:

Stem respiration is an important part of the annual carbon balance of forest ecosystems and consumes ca. 11%-33% of total net daytime carbon assimilation. Because of difficulties in measurement, little attention was paid to stem respiration studies in the past. However, with increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration, studies of stem respiration have become popular. Several methods were applied in earlier studies, including gas exchange measurements and closed method. An open flow system is employed in recent studies. Results from recent research show that the diurnal pattern of stem respiration is bimodal with a midday depression and that rates are the greatest in the growing season. Controlling factors include meteorological factors (e.g., stem temperature, CO₂ concentration and humidity) and biological factors (tree species, tree age, diameter at breast height, sapwood size and nitrogen content in stem). Latitude, altitude and topographic factors indirectly influence respiration rates through meteorological or biological factors, in particular stem temperature. Stem respiration rate is positively correlated with stem temperature. The mechanism of stem respiration and its controlling factors will continue to be subjects of future research. Integration of meteorological and biological factors into models of stem respiration will provide insight into contribution of stem respiration to the carbon balance of forest ecosystems, role of forest ecosystems in reducing CO₂ concentration elevation in the atmosphere, response of forest ecosystems to global changes, and development of carbon cycle models of forest ecosystems. These issues and measurement techniques remain challenging and fruitful areas for future research.

Key words: stem respiration, stem temperature, CO₂ concentration, controlling factor, respiration efflux

马玉娥, 项文化, 雷丕锋. 林木树干呼吸变化及其影响因素研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 403-412. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0049

MA Yu-E, XIANG Wen-Hua, LEI Pi-Feng. STEM RESPIRATION AND ITS CONTROLLING FACTORS IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 403-412. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0049

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0049

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I3/403

图/表 6

参考文献 51

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树种 Tree species	林龄 Age	林分密度 Stand density (tree·hm^-2)	呼吸量 Respiration (kg CO₂·hm^-2·a^-1)	测定方法 Method of measurement	呼吸量占GPP 的百分比 Respiration/GPP (%)	数据来源 Data sources
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	17	1 944	2 794	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云,1999
白桦 Betula platyphylla	-	895	1 703	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云,1999
辽东栎 Quercus liaotungensis	-	677	1 700	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云等,1995
辽东栎 Q. liaotungensis	-	677	1 600	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云,1999
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	20		9 670	活体测定 In vivo	-	肖复明等,2005
马占相思 Acacia mangium	8	1 004	10 974	离体测定 In vitro	-	曾少平等,2000
马尾松 P. massoniana	-	260	4 449	离体测定 In vitro	-	杨清培等,2001
欧洲赤松 P. sylvestris	50	1 176	760	活体测定 In vivo	8	Zha et al.,2004
巴西百木和圭亚那明夸铁青木 Simarouba amara and Minquartia guianensis	-	-	2 200	活体测定 In vivo	13	Ryan et al.,1994b

树种 Tree species	林龄 Age	林分密度 Stand density (tree·hm^-2)	呼吸量 Respiration (kg CO₂·hm^-2·a^-1)	测定方法 Method of measurement	呼吸量占GPP 的百分比 Respiration/GPP (%)	数据来源 Data sources
油松 Pinus tabulaeformis	17	1 944	2 794	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云,1999
白桦 Betula platyphylla	-	895	1 703	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云,1999
辽东栎 Quercus liaotungensis	-	677	1 700	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云等,1995
辽东栎 Q. liaotungensis	-	677	1 600	离体测定 In vitro	-	方精云,1999
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	20		9 670	活体测定 In vivo	-	肖复明等,2005
马占相思 Acacia mangium	8	1 004	10 974	离体测定 In vitro	-	曾少平等,2000
马尾松 P. massoniana	-	260	4 449	离体测定 In vitro	-	杨清培等,2001
欧洲赤松 P. sylvestris	50	1 176	760	活体测定 In vivo	8	Zha et al.,2004
巴西百木和圭亚那明夸铁青木 Simarouba amara and Minquartia guianensis	-	-	2 200	活体测定 In vivo	13	Ryan et al.,1994b

树种 Tree species	直径 Diameter (cm)	树龄 Tree age	测定时间 Time for measurement	最大呼吸出现时间 Time of maximum respiration	数据来源 Data sources
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	-	20	0:00~24:00	12:00~16:00, 22:00~24:00	肖复明等, 2005
兴安落叶松 Larix gmelinii	18~20	33	6:00~18:00	12:00,16:00	Wang et al., 2003
红松 Pinus koraiensis			0:00~24:00	16:00~20:00	王淼等, 2005
美国红枫 Acer rubrum	40~75	21~52	6:00~22:00	18:00	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
白栎 Quercus alba	40~75	20~65	6:00~22:00	18:00	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
橡栎 Q. prinus	40~75	21~62	6:00~22:00	18:00	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
一球悬铃木 Platanus occidentalis	-	10.2	0:00~24:00	12:00	Mcguire & Teskey, 2004
美国枫香 Liquidambar styraciflua	-	14.3	0:00~24:00	15:00	Mcguire & Teskey, 2004
美国水青冈 Fagus grandifolia	-	15.1	0:00~24:00	12:00	Mcguire & Teskey, 2004
白栎 Q. alba	-	15~70	0:00~24:00	2:00	Teskey & Mcguire, 2002
欧洲赤松 Pinus sylvestris	-	50	0:00~24:00	16:00	Zha et al., 2004
美国枫香 Liquidambar styraciflua	14.3	15	0:00~24:00	23:00	Edwards et al., 2002

树种 Tree species	直径 Diameter (cm)	树龄 Tree age	测定时间 Time for measurement	最大呼吸出现时间 Time of maximum respiration	数据来源 Data sources
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	-	20	0:00~24:00	12:00~16:00, 22:00~24:00	肖复明等, 2005
兴安落叶松 Larix gmelinii	18~20	33	6:00~18:00	12:00,16:00	Wang et al., 2003
红松 Pinus koraiensis			0:00~24:00	16:00~20:00	王淼等, 2005
美国红枫 Acer rubrum	40~75	21~52	6:00~22:00	18:00	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
白栎 Quercus alba	40~75	20~65	6:00~22:00	18:00	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
橡栎 Q. prinus	40~75	21~62	6:00~22:00	18:00	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
一球悬铃木 Platanus occidentalis	-	10.2	0:00~24:00	12:00	Mcguire & Teskey, 2004
美国枫香 Liquidambar styraciflua	-	14.3	0:00~24:00	15:00	Mcguire & Teskey, 2004
美国水青冈 Fagus grandifolia	-	15.1	0:00~24:00	12:00	Mcguire & Teskey, 2004
白栎 Q. alba	-	15~70	0:00~24:00	2:00	Teskey & Mcguire, 2002
欧洲赤松 Pinus sylvestris	-	50	0:00~24:00	16:00	Zha et al., 2004
美国枫香 Liquidambar styraciflua	14.3	15	0:00~24:00	23:00	Edwards et al., 2002

树种 Tree species	直径 Diameter (cm)	树龄 Tree age	测定时间 Time of measurement	呼吸最大月 Month of maximum respiration	呼吸最小月 Month of minimum respiration	文献来源 Data sources
兴安落叶松 Larix gmelinii	16.4	31	5~10月 May-Oct.	7	-	Jiang et al., 2003
兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	10.2	17	5~10月 May-Oct.	8	-	Jiang et al., 2003
兴安落叶松 L. gmelinii	18~20	33	1~12月 Jan.-Dec.	7	-	Wang et al., 2003
红松 Pinus koraiensis	25, 45, 65		5~9月 May-Sept.	8	-	王淼等, 2005
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	-	20, 17	1~12月 Jan.-Dec.	7	1	肖复明等, 2005
杉木 C. lanceolata	-	13	1~12月 Jan.-Dec.	8	1	肖复明等, 2005
美国枫香 Liquidambar styraciflua	14.3	15	1~12月 Jan.-Dec.	7 或 8 7 or 8	1	Ewards et al., 2002
欧洲赤松 Pinus sylvestris	-	50	1~12月 Jan.-Dec.	7	-	Zha et al., 2004
欧洲山毛榉 Fagus sylvatica	-	25~35	4~11月 Apr.-Nov.	6 和 7 6 and 7	-	Ceschia et al., 2002
欧洲白桦 Betula pendula	-		6~10月 Jun.-Oct.	8	-	Matyssek et al., 2002
火炬松 Pinus taeda	10.92	12	1~12月 Jan.-Dec.	5	-	Maier et al., 2004
挪威云杉 Picea abies	-	14	5~9月 May-Sept.	7	-	Janou? et al., 2000
花旗松 Pseudotsuga menziesii	-	60~112	4~12月 Apr.-Dec.	5	11	Pruyn et al., 2002
瑞士五针松 Pinus cembra	-	95	10月~翌年12月 Oct.-next Dec.	6	12	Wieser & Bahn, 2004
美国红枫 Acer rubrum	40~75	21~52	2~10月 Feb.-Oct.	6	-	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
白栎 Quercus alba	40~75	20~65	2~10月 Feb.-Oct.	6或7 6 or 7	-	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
橡栎 Q. prinus	40~75	21~62	2~10月 Feb.-Oct.	6或7 6 or 7	-	Edwards & Hanson, 1995
桦木 B. ermanii	16, 38, 86	85	7月~翌年11月 Jul.-next Nov.	8	2	Gansert et al., 2002
日本山毛榉 F. crenata	50, 75	130, 140	7月~翌年11月 Jul.-next Nov.	8	2	Gansert et al., 2002