降水与CO2浓度协同作用对短花针茅光合特性的 影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00597

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降水变化与CO₂浓度升高将严重影响陆地生态系统尤其是草地生态系统, 阐明干旱半干旱区草原优势植物对降水与CO₂浓度变化的联合响应有助于理解和准确评估未来气候变化对草地生态系统的影响。基于开顶式生长箱(OTC), 模拟研究了降水变化(-30%、-15%、0、+15%、+30% (以1978-2007年月降水平均值为基准))、CO₂浓度变化(对照、450 μmol·mol^-1、550 μmol·mol ^-1)及其协同作用对荒漠草原优势物种短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)光合特性的影响。结果表明: 降水变化和CO₂浓度升高对短花针茅光合参数影响显著, 表现出显著的交互作用。随着CO₂浓度升高, 短花针茅叶片净光合速率(P_n)呈增加趋势, 但随着时间延长(8月份)显示出光合适应现象; 气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)则呈下降趋势, 水分利用效率(WUE)显著增加。随着降水增加, 短花针茅的P_n、G_s和T_r均呈增加趋势, P_n增加速率小于T_r, 使得WUE降低。高浓度CO₂和降水增加15%的协同作用可以显著提高短花针茅的P_n、G_s和T_r, 但P_n增加速率接近于T_r, 导致WUE变化不显著。这表明, 在干旱半干旱地区, CO₂浓度升高可在一定程度上提高短花针茅的抗旱能力, 增强短花针茅对暖干化气候情景的适应性。

关键词: 降水变化, 气候变化, 荒漠草原, CO₂浓度升高, 光合参数, 短花针茅

Abstract:

Aims Stipa breviflora, which is a dominant species of desert steppe in the arid region of China, would be seriously affected by changes of precipitation and atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Our objective is to determine the interactive effects of changing precipitation and elevated CO₂ concentration on photosynthetic parameters of S. breviflora, in order to evaluate the effects of future climate change on the desert steppe.

Methods Open top chambers (OTCs) were used to simulate the elevated CO₂ concentration (control, 450, and 550 µmol·mol^-1) and changing precipitation (-30%, -15%, 0, +15% and +30%, based on the average monthly precipitation during 1978-2007). The photosynthetic parameters of S. breviflora were measured by a LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system.

Important findings The responses of photosynthetic parameters of S. breviflora to changes of CO₂ concentration and precipitation were significant, and interactive effects were observed. With increased CO₂, leaf net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of S. breviflora increased, and photosynthetic acclimation occurred during August. Stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (T_r) decreased, and the increase of P_n was more than T_r. As a result, its water use efficiency (WUE) increased. With increased precipitation, P_n, G_s and T_r increased, and the increase of P_n was less than T_r, resulting in a decrease in WUE. Under higher CO₂ and 15% increase in precipitation, P_n, G_s and T_r of S. breviflora increased greatly, the increase of P_n was close to T_r, and consequently WUE did not change significantly.

Key words: changing precipitation, climatic change, desert steppe, elevated CO₂ concentration, photosynthetic parameter, Stipa breviflora

王慧, 周广胜, 蒋延玲, 石耀辉, 许振柱. 降水与CO₂浓度协同作用对短花针茅光合特性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(7): 597-606. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00597

WANG Hui, ZHOU Guang-Sheng, JIANG Yan-Ling, SHI Yao-Hui, XU Zhen-Zhu. Interactive effects of changing precipitation and elevated CO₂ concentration on photosynthetic parameters of Stipa breviflora. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(7): 597-606. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00597

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00597

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图/表 7

表1 1978-2007年(30年)月平均降水量及每次灌水量

Table 1 Average monthly precipitation during 1978-2007 (30 years) and the irrigation amount every time

月份 Month	降水量 Precipitation (mm)	灌水量 Irrigation amount (mL)
月份 Month	降水量 Precipitation (mm)	-30%	-15%	对照 Control	+15%	+30%
6月 June	55.50	36	44	52	60	67
7月 July	92.73	55	67	79	90	102
8月 August	67.58	44	54	63	72	82

图1 CO2浓度和降水交互作用下短花针茅叶片净光合速率(Pn)的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。不同小写字母表示同一CO2浓度下不同降水处理与对照相比有显著差异(p < 0.05); *表示同一降水处理下CO2浓度升高与对照相比有显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Changes in leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of Stipa breviflora under interactive CO2 concentration and precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 3). Different lowercases indicate significant difference between different precipitation treatments within the same CO2 concentration compared with control (p < 0.05); * indicates significant difference between higher CO2 concentration and ambient CO2 level within the same precipitation (p < 0.05).

表2 2011年6月不同CO2浓度和降水处理下短花针茅叶片光合参数的方差分析

Table 2 Variance analysis of photosynthetic parameters of Stipa breviflora between different CO2 concentration and precipitation treatment in June, 2011

变量 Variable	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration			降水量 Precipitation			交互作用 Interaction
变量 Variable	df	F	p	df	F	p	df	F	p
P_n	2	132.930	0.000	4	839.619	0.000	8	12.612	0.000
G_s	2	317.042	0.000	4	1 019.000	0.000	8	21.581	0.000
T_r	2	114.211	0.000	4	2 197.000	0.000	8	10.999	0.000
WUE	2	287.879	0.000	4	45.431	0.000	8	5.361	0.000

表3 2011年8月不同CO2浓度和降水处理下短花针茅叶片光合参数的方差分析

Table 3 Variance analysis of photosynthetic parameters of Stipa breviflora between different CO2 concentration and precipitation treatment in August, 2011

变量 Variable	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration			降水量 Precipitation			交互作用 Interaction
变量 Variable	df	F	p	df	F	p	df	F	p
P_n	2	129.269	0.000	4	1 004.000	0.000	8	23.829	0.000
G_s	2	123.647	0.000	4	692.882	0.000	8	10.718	0.000
T_r	2	24.938	0.000	4	219.511	0.000	8	2.495	0.033
WUE	2	6.809	0.004	4	39.515	0.000	8	8.595	0.000

图2 大气CO2浓度和降水交互作用下短花针茅叶片气孔导度(Gs)的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。图注同图1。

Fig. 2 Changes in leaf stomatal conductance (Gs) of Stipa breviflora under interactive atmospheric CO2 concentration and precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 3). Notes see Fig. 1.

图3 CO2浓度和降水交互作用下短花针茅叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。图注同图1。

Fig. 3 Changes in leaf transpiration rate (Tr) of Stipa breviflora under interactive atmospheric CO2 concentration and precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 3). Notes see Fig. 1.

图4 大空CO2浓度和降水交互作用下短花针茅叶片水分利用效率(WUE)的变化(平均值±标准差, n = 3)。+, 增加; -, 减少。图注同图1。

Fig. 4 Change in leaf water use efficiency (WUE) of Stipa breviflora under interactive atmospheric CO2 concentration and precipitation (mean ± SE, n = 3). +, increase; -, decrease. Notes see Fig.1.

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降水与CO₂浓度协同作用对短花针茅光合特性的影响

Interactive effects of changing precipitation and elevated CO₂ concentration on photosynthetic parameters of Stipa breviflora

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