青藏高原东缘不同海拔波缘风毛菊资源分配及花部特征对种子数目和质量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00033

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过采样调查法和烘干称量法检测了青藏高原东缘不同海拔种群波缘风毛菊(Saussurea undulata)花期与果期的形态特征, 研究了其花期与果期的资源分配, 并对花期花部特征对果期种子特征的影响作出分析。结果表明: 1)波缘风毛菊在花期将更多的资源投入繁殖器官, 而在果期增加了对种子的资源投资; 2)波缘风毛菊花期部分花部特征的变异导致其果期产生的种子随海拔升高数量减少、百粒重增加, 因为波缘风毛菊需要在高寒草甸的极端环境下保证每粒种子的存活能力, 因此采取了产生更少但更大种子的生存策略。

关键词: 海拔, 繁殖, 资源, 权衡

Abstract:

Aims This paper studies the resource allocation during flowering and fruiting, as well as the relationship between variations in floral traits and seed characters in Saussurea undulata.
Methods Field sampling and measurements of dry mass were used to evaluate morphological characteristics of S. undulata distributed at different elevations in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
Important findings Saussurea undulata invested more resources in the reproductive organs during flowering, whereas it invested more resources in seed during fruiting. The variations in floral traits during flowering led to a decline in seed number and an increase in 100-seed mass in S. undulate during fruiting with increasing elevation, because the species adopted survival strategies that produce less but larger seed to ensure survival of each seed under the extreme environment of alpine meadow in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Key words: elevation, reproduction, resource, trade-off

王一峰, 岳永成. 青藏高原东缘不同海拔波缘风毛菊资源分配及花部特征对种子数目和质量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(4): 366-374. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00033

WANG Yi-Feng, YUE Yong-Cheng. Effects of resource allocation and floral traits on the number and mass of Saussurea undulata seeds from different elevations in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(4): 366-374. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00033

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00033

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I4/366

图/表 8

表1 波缘风毛菊样品

Table 1 The samples of Saussurea undulata

种群 Population	花期采集时间 Collection date during flowering	果期采集时间 Collection date during fruiting	海拔 Elevation (m)	采集地 Collection location	生境 Habitat
1	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 100	夏河 Xiahe	灌丛 Shrub
2	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 100	夏河 Xiahe	灌丛 Shrub
3	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 600	合作 Hezuo	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
4	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 600	合作 Hezuo	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
5	2011-8-25	2011-10-18	2 800	合作-卓尼 Hezuo-Jonê	山坡灌丛草地 Hillside meadow and shrub
6	2011-8-25	2011-10-19	2 800	合作-卓尼 Hezuo-Jonê	山坡灌丛草地 Hillside meadow and shrub
7	2011-8-26	2011-10-19	2 900	临潭 Lintan	灌丛 Shrub
8	2011-8-26	2011-10-19	2 900	临潭 Lintan	灌丛 Shrub
9	2011-8-28	2011-10-19	3 100	迭部 Têwo	草地 Meadow
10	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 100	迭部 Têwo	草地 Meadow
11	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 200	合作 Hezuo	灌丛 Shrub
12	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 200	合作 Hezuo	灌丛 Shrub
13	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 250	卓尼 Jonê	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
14	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 250	卓尼 Jonê	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
15	2011-8-30	2011-10-21	3 300	碌曲 Luqu	草地 Meadow
16	2011-8-30	2011-10-23	3 300	碌曲 Luqu	草地 Meadow
17	2011-8-30	2011-10-23	3 400	玛曲 Maqu	草地 Meadow
18	2011-8-30	2011-10-23	3 400	玛曲 Maqu	草地 Meadow

图1 花期波缘风毛菊繁殖投资和营养投资与海拔的线性回归关系。实心圆表示营养投资, 空心圆表示繁殖投资; 实线表示营养投资与海拔的线性关系, 虚线表示繁殖投资与海拔的线性关系。

Fig. 1 Linear regressions of reproductive and vegetative allocations with elevation in Saussurea undulata during flowering. Filled circles represent vegetative allocation, and open circles represent reproductive allocation; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between vegetative allocation and elevation, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between reproductive allocation and elevation.

图2 果期波缘风毛菊海拔与种子质量及营养器官质量的线性回归关系。实心圆表示营养器官质量, 空心圆表示种子质量; 虚线表示种子质量与海拔的线性关系。

Fig. 2 Linear regressions of elevation with vegetative biomass and seed mass in Saussurea undulata during fruiting. Filled circles represent vegetative biomass, and open circles represent seed mass; the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between seed mass and elevation.

图3 波缘风毛菊每株种子数与每株头状花序数及每个头状花序上管状小花数的线性回归关系。实心圆表示每个头状花序上管状小花数, 空心圆表示每株头状花序数; 实线表示每株头状花序数与每株种子数的线性关系, 虚线表示每个头状花序上管状小花数与每株种子数的线性关系。

Fig. 3 Linear regressions of seed number with capitulum number of each individual plant and disc floret number of each capitulum in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent disc floret number of each capitulum, and open circles represent capitulum number of each individual plant; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between capitulum number of each individual plant and seed number, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between disc floret number of each capitulum and seed number.

图4 波缘风毛菊每株种子数与花药及花丝长度的线性回归关系。实心圆表示花丝长度, 空心圆表示花药长度; 实线表示花药长度与每株种子数的线性关系, 虚线表示花丝长度与每株种子数的线性关系。

Fig. 4 Linear regressions of seed number and length of anther and filament in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent length of filament, and open circles represent length of anther; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between length of anther and seed number, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between length of filament and seed number.

图5 波缘风毛菊每株种子数与雄蕊长度及花粉数的线性回归关系。实心圆表示花粉数, 空心圆表示雄蕊长度; 实线表示雄蕊长度与每株种子数的线性关系, 虚线表示花粉数与每株种子数的线性关系。

Fig. 5 Linear regressions of seed number with length of stamen and number of pollen in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent number of pollen, and open circles represent length of stamen; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between length of stamen and seed number, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between number of pollen and seed number.

图6 波缘风毛菊每株种子数与花柱及花柱分枝长度的线性回归关系。实心圆表示花柱分枝长度, 空心圆表示花柱长度; 实线表示花柱长度与每株种子数的线性关系, 虚线表示花柱分枝长度与每株种子数的线性关系。

Fig. 6 Linear regressions of seed number with length of column and style branches in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent length of style branches, and open circles represent length of column; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between length of column and seed numbers, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between length of style branches and seed number.

图7 波缘风毛菊种子百粒重与每个头状花序质量及每朵小花重的线性回归关系。实心圆表示每朵管状小花质量, 空心圆表示每个头状花序质量; 实线表示每个头状花序质量与百粒重的线性关系, 虚线表示每朵管状小花质量与百粒重的线性关系。

Fig. 7 Linear regressions of 100-seed mass with individual capitulum mass and individual disc floret mass t in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent individual disc floret mass, and open circles represent individual capitulum mass; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between individual capitulum mass and 100-seed mass, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between individual disc floret mass and 100-seed mass.

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