生境斑块对比度对鹅绒委陵菜克隆内分工的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

相互连接的克隆植物分株分别处于资源互补性的不同斑块时, 将可能发生形态结构的特化, 以更有效地吸收利用所处斑块中丰富的资源, 形成分株的功能分化, 即克隆内分工。生境的斑块对比度, 作为资源或环境异质性的主要素, 在一定程度上决定克隆内分工的发生状况。该文以鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)为材料, 在自然条件下将多组分株对置于不同的斑块对比度处理下, 比较了它们克隆内分工的发生状态, 试图发现分工与斑块对比度的关系, 同时考察在克隆分工过程中分株的可塑性变化及其与分工的关系。该实验的理论假设是: 分株发生分工的程度与分株所处斑块的资源对比度成正相关。研究结果表明, 鹅绒委陵菜分株的高度和叶面积对局部光照环境产生强烈的可塑性反应, 反应的结果是增加了对匮乏的光资源的获取。从分株根冠比和我们提出的分工指数来看, 分工的程度在一定的斑块对比度范围内随斑块对比度的增强而增强, 但到达一个最大值后又迅速降低。鹅绒委陵菜分株之间的分工和结构特化往往滞后于分株对所处局部环境的适应性可塑性变化, 而后者往往在分株之间具有独立性和局部特征。克隆内分工主要依赖于生物量分配的调节而实现, 其发生状态都是分株系统在分工收益、分工代价与分工风险之间权衡的结果, 而这种结果在很大程度上取决于分株所处的斑块对比度。

关键词: 分工, 生境异质性, 斑块对比度, 鹅绒委陵菜, 根冠比

Abstract:

Aims When interconnected ramets of clonal plants grow under reciprocal patches in terms of the availabilities of different resources, they likely specialize morphologically and functionally to exploit locally abundant resource(s) more efficiently. This phenomenon is known as division of labor. Patchy contrast is a critical component that partially determines the occurrence and magnitude of division of labor. We investigate the effect of patchy contrast on intraclonal division of labor and test the hypothesis that the magnitude of division of labor is positively correlated with patchy contrast. We also examine the association between adaptive plasticity and division of labor.

Methods We subjected connected ramet pairs of Potentilla anserina to reciprocal patchy environments with four levels of patchy contrasts, which were formed by providing ambient daylight but altering soil nutrient level for one ramet within each pair and providing a high soil nutrient level but changing light regime for the other. We measured shoot height, leaf area and shoot and root biomass. To quantify the magnitude of division of labor, we proposed an index based on root/shoot ratio (R/S) of ramets, namely, the ratio of difference between ramets in R/S to the sum of them.

Important findings Shoot height and leaf area of P. anserina were highly plastic in response to local light availability, and such plasticity ultimately resulted in better ability to acquire scarce light resource, instead of abundant resource as predicted according to the rule of division of labor. This contradiction was probably due to the fact that the locally adaptive plasticity of shoot height and leaf area in response to local light environment took precedence over ramet specialization and division of labor, which was realized primarily by regulating biomass partitioning. The magnitude of division of labor peaked at the intermediate level of patch contrast and decreased both at the higher and lower levels. This pattern was likely an ultimate consequence of cost-benefit tradeoffs of ramet specialization. In conclusion, only when the benefits outweigh the costs at a certain patchy contrast, does division of labor occur, and there likely is an optimum patchy contrast that maximizes the division of labor. But under higher patchy contrast than the optimum one, division of labor may decrease as consequence of increased risks.

Key words: division of labor, habitat heterogeneity, patchy contrast, Potentilla anserina, root/shoot ratio (R/S)

李元恒, 王正文, 马晖玲. 生境斑块对比度对鹅绒委陵菜克隆内分工的影响. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1166-1174. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.021

LI Yuan-Heng, WANG Zheng-Wen, MA Hui-Ling. PATCHY CONTRAST OF HABITAT AFFECTS INTRACLONAL DIVISION OF LABOR OF POTENTILLA ANSERINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1166-1174. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.021

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.021

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I5/1166

图/表 5

图1 实验设计示意图

Fig. 1 Experimental design

表1 斑块对比度、分株位置及交互作用对分株地上部高度、叶面积、生物量和根冠比影响的双因素方差分析结果

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA for the effects of patchy contrast (PC), position and their interaction on shoot height, leaf area, ramet biomass and R/S ratio

Table 1
作用因素 Factors	地上部高度 Shoot height		分株叶面积 Leaf area		分株生物量Ramet biomass		根冠比 R/S ratio
作用因素 Factors	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
斑块对比度 PC¹⁾	9.31	<0.000 1	5.98	0.001 5	7.50	0.000 3	9.10	<0.000 1
分株位置 Position²⁾	49.74	<0.000 1	22.24	<0.000 1	2.90	0.095 1	84.64	<0.000 1
交互作用 PC × position ³⁾	9.88	<0.000 1	4.74	0.005 7	1.96	0.133 2	19.16	<0.000 1
1): df=3 2): df =1 3): df =3 p<0.05的p值以黑体显示 Values of p<0.05 are in bold

图2 处于不同斑块对比度及不同位置分株的高度(A)、叶面积(B)、分株生物量(C)和根冠比(D) 白色柱代表Ro分株, 灰色柱代表Ri分株。误差线指示标准误。标记有相同字母的两处理间在p=0.05水平上差异不显著。实验处理N、L、M、H、Ro和Ri释义参见图1 Open bars are for Ro, and closed bars are for Ri. Error bars = ± SE. The treatments with the same letter are not significantly different at p=0.05. See Fig.1 for the definitions of experimental treatments N, L, M, H, Roand Ri

Fig. 2 Shoot height (A), leaf area (B), ramet biomass (C), R/S (D) of ramets differently positioned under four different patchy contrasts

图3 不同斑块对比度条件下鹅绒委陵菜克隆内分工的比较误差线指示标准误。标记有相同字母的两处理间在p=0.05水平上差异不显著。星号表示所在处理的劳动分工指数与0的差异显著性学生t检验结果。***: p<0.001。实验处理N、L、M和H释义参见图1 Error bars = ±SE. The treatments with the same letter are not significantly different at p=0.05. The asterisks on the bars denoted the student t-test results for the comparison between the indices of division of labor for due treatment and 0. ***: p<0.001. SeeFig.1 for the definitions of experimental treatments N, L, M and H

Fig. 3 Comparison of intraclonal division of labor of Potentilla anserina between different patchy contrasts

图4 劳动分工指数随生境斑块对比度变化示意图

Fig. 4 Sketch map for changes of labor division index with patchy contrast of habitat

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