草原生态系统植物地下生物量分配及对全球变化的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0062

植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 585-596.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0062

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统

• 综述 • 上一篇

草原生态系统植物地下生物量分配及对全球变化的响应

严月^1,^2,^3,,A;^*, 朱建军^2,^3,,A;^*, 张彬^2,^3,⁴, 张艳杰¹, 鲁顺保^1,^3,,A;,A;^*, 潘庆民^2,^3,,A;,A;^*

¹江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室/江西省亚热带植物资源保护与利用重点实验室/江西师范大学生命科学学院, 南昌 330022
²中国科学院内蒙古草业研究中心, 北京 100093
³中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
⁴内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院, 呼和浩特 010018

出版日期:2017-05-10 发布日期:2017-06-22
通讯作者: 严月,朱建军,鲁顺保,潘庆民
作者简介:
* 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail:sunzhiqiang1956@sina.com)
基金资助:
基金项目国家自然科学基金(31360136、31560168、30770380和31660072)和江西省自然科学基金(20151BAB204007和20161BAB204175)

A review of belowground biomass allocation and its response to global climatic change in grassland ecosystems

Yue YAN^1,^2,^3,^*, Jian-Jun ZHU^2,^3,^*, Bin ZHANG^2,^3,⁴, Yan-Jie ZHANG¹, Shun-Bao LU^1,^3,^**, Qing-Min PAN^2,^3,^**

¹Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China

²Inner Mongolia Research Center for Prataculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

³State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

⁴College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China

Online:2017-05-10 Published:2017-06-22
Contact: Yue YAN,Jian-Jun ZHU,Shun-Bao LU,Qing-Min PAN
About author:
KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: kangjingyao_nj@163.com。

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草原生态系统植物生物量在地上和地下器官之间的分配是联系地上生产力与地下碳固持的枢轴环节。由于地下生物量的准确测定是正确分析生物量分配的基础, 该文首先系统分析了植物地下生物量的测定方法及其优缺点; 在此基础上, 综述了当前草地生态系统地下生物量分配对全球气候变化主要驱动因子(降水、CO₂浓度、温度和氮沉降)的响应, 并提出了今后相关研究中需解决的主要问题, 以期为开展全球变化背景下草地生态系统碳循环的研究提供参考。

关键词: 根冠比, 地下生物量, 降水格局, 大气温度, CO2浓度, 氮沉降

Abstract:

Biomass allocations between aboveground and belowground organs provide pivotal information for connecting aboveground productivity and belowground carbon sequestration. As accurate measurement of belowground biomass is essential for determining the biomass allocation, we first reviewed the methods in quantifying belowground biomass and their merits. We then presented the major advances on plant biomass allocations between aboveground and belowground organs, as well as the potential drivers such as precipitation, warming, atmospheric CO₂ concentration, and nitrogen deposition. We finally provided a list of challenges in studying belowground biomass allocation for the future. This review has important implications for studies on carbon cycling in grassland ecosystems under the changing climate.

Key words: root/shoot ratio, belowground biomass, precipitation regime, air temperature, CO2 concentration, nitrogen deposition

严月, 朱建军, 张彬, 张艳杰, 鲁顺保, 潘庆民. 草原生态系统植物地下生物量分配及对全球变化的响应. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(5): 585-596. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0062

Yue YAN, Jian-Jun ZHU, Bin ZHANG, Yan-Jie ZHANG, Shun-Bao LU, Qing-Min PAN. A review of belowground biomass allocation and its response to global climatic change in grassland ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(5): 585-596. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0062

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0062

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I5/585

图/表 1

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过程 Step	不确定性来源 Sources of uncertainty	改善措失 Improvement measures	参考文献 References
微根管的安装 Minirhizotron installation	微根管材料 Material of minirhizotron tube	一般选用聚碳酸酯管, 减小对根系的生长的影响 Polycarbonate tube is generally selected to reduce the I mpact on the growth of roots	Vannoordwijk et al., 1985; Brown &#x00026; Pchurch, 1987; Withington et al., 2003
	微根管的密封性 Sealability of minirhizotron tube	顶端加盖密封, 防止光线透入影响根系生长 The top of tube was sealed to prevent root from light	Iversen et al., 2012; Rytter &#x00026; Rytter, 2012
	安装角度 Installation angle	一般选择偏离垂直方向30&#x000b0;或45&#x000b0;, 有角度的安装水平安装更易于研究根的垂直分布 The tubes are usually installed with an angle deviated from the vertical direction by 30&#x000b0; or 45&#x000b0;, with which the installation of tubes is convenient and the vertical distribution of the root is easier to be observed	Iversen et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2001
	平衡期的确定 Determination for the duration of equilibrium	几周、几月甚至一年以上不等; 尽量确保达到管土平衡 The duration of equilibrium may last several weeks, months, or even more than one year, depending on the soil and vegetation types. The purpose for such a duration is to ensure tubes equilibrate with surrounding soil	Weber &#x00026; Day, 1996; Wells et al., 2002
影像采集 Image capture	图片数量和质量 Quantity and quality of images	一般30-50张, 在预定时间可以完成的工作量范围内, 尽可能多的采集图片并确保图片采集清晰 Collecting enough images within the working period (usually 30-50 photos) and examining whether the pictures are in focus	Johnson et al., 2001; Shi et al., 2006
	采集时间 Image capture time	尽量保证在1-2天采集完成, 摄像头的光系统停留时间太长, 会改变土壤温度, 影响根系生长 Capturing the picture within 1 d to 2 d as soil temperature and root growth may be changed by long time lighting of camera	van Rees, 1998
	采集频率 Image capture frequency	间隔约2周采集一次; 间隔时间太长会因观察不到细根周转而导致对根系动态的低估 Collect images every two weeks; the longer interval will underestimate root system dynamics due to miss the fine root turnover	Johnson et al., 2001
数据处理 Data processing	死活根的区分 Separation of the live and dead root	一般将颜色为棕色或黑色根定义为死根; 如果在这次影像采集时可见, 下一次影像采集时看不到此根, 也将此根定义为死根 The dark-brown or black roots are usually regarded as dead roots. Also, the roots being seen in last time but disappeared this time are considered as dead roots	Espeleta &#x00026; Donovan, 2002; Majdi &#x00026; Ohrvik, 2004 ; West et al., 2004

过程 Step	不确定性来源 Sources of uncertainty	改善措失 Improvement measures	参考文献 References
微根管的安装 Minirhizotron installation	微根管材料 Material of minirhizotron tube	一般选用聚碳酸酯管, 减小对根系的生长的影响 Polycarbonate tube is generally selected to reduce the I mpact on the growth of roots	Vannoordwijk et al., 1985; Brown &#x00026; Pchurch, 1987; Withington et al., 2003
	微根管的密封性 Sealability of minirhizotron tube	顶端加盖密封, 防止光线透入影响根系生长 The top of tube was sealed to prevent root from light	Iversen et al., 2012; Rytter &#x00026; Rytter, 2012
	安装角度 Installation angle	一般选择偏离垂直方向30&#x000b0;或45&#x000b0;, 有角度的安装水平安装更易于研究根的垂直分布 The tubes are usually installed with an angle deviated from the vertical direction by 30&#x000b0; or 45&#x000b0;, with which the installation of tubes is convenient and the vertical distribution of the root is easier to be observed	Iversen et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2001
	平衡期的确定 Determination for the duration of equilibrium	几周、几月甚至一年以上不等; 尽量确保达到管土平衡 The duration of equilibrium may last several weeks, months, or even more than one year, depending on the soil and vegetation types. The purpose for such a duration is to ensure tubes equilibrate with surrounding soil	Weber &#x00026; Day, 1996; Wells et al., 2002
影像采集 Image capture	图片数量和质量 Quantity and quality of images	一般30-50张, 在预定时间可以完成的工作量范围内, 尽可能多的采集图片并确保图片采集清晰 Collecting enough images within the working period (usually 30-50 photos) and examining whether the pictures are in focus	Johnson et al., 2001; Shi et al., 2006
	采集时间 Image capture time	尽量保证在1-2天采集完成, 摄像头的光系统停留时间太长, 会改变土壤温度, 影响根系生长 Capturing the picture within 1 d to 2 d as soil temperature and root growth may be changed by long time lighting of camera	van Rees, 1998
	采集频率 Image capture frequency	间隔约2周采集一次; 间隔时间太长会因观察不到细根周转而导致对根系动态的低估 Collect images every two weeks; the longer interval will underestimate root system dynamics due to miss the fine root turnover	Johnson et al., 2001
数据处理 Data processing	死活根的区分 Separation of the live and dead root	一般将颜色为棕色或黑色根定义为死根; 如果在这次影像采集时可见, 下一次影像采集时看不到此根, 也将此根定义为死根 The dark-brown or black roots are usually regarded as dead roots. Also, the roots being seen in last time but disappeared this time are considered as dead roots	Espeleta &#x00026; Donovan, 2002; Majdi &#x00026; Ohrvik, 2004 ; West et al., 2004

草原生态系统植物地下生物量分配及对全球变化的响应

A review of belowground biomass allocation and its response to global climatic change in grassland ecosystems

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