邻株竞争对低磷环境杉木幼苗光合特性及生物量分配的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0182

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择同一杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)无性系幼苗为研究对象, 通过设计邻株竞争处理和3个供磷水平的室内沙培模拟试验, 采用破坏性收获方式, 分别于试验初期,中期和末期测定不同竞争与供磷水平条件下杉木幼苗光合特性和生物量分配的变化规律, 综合分析邻株竞争对低磷环境杉木响应行为的影响.结果表明: 竞争处理,供磷水平和胁迫时期三者对杉木幼苗4个光合特性指标的影响均存在明显的交互作用(p < 0.05), 而对生物量分配的交互作用未达显著水平(p > 0.05).低磷和不供磷处理条件下杉木幼苗叶片的净光合速率,蒸腾速率和气孔导度均明显较低, 其中缺磷胁迫和邻株竞争对叶片气孔导度的降低具有叠加效应.随着竞争和低磷处理时间的延长, 杉木幼苗叶片蒸腾速率逐渐降低, 但气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度呈先下降后上升的趋势, 而根系生物量和根冠比均显著增加.

关键词: 同化物运输, 杉木, 竞争策略, 低磷胁迫, 根冠比

Abstract: Aims

To explore the effects of neighbor competition on photosynthetic characteristics in needles and biomass accumulation and allocation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seedlings under low phosphorus (P) environment, and to investigate the complex adaptive responses of Chinese fir to available P limitation and intraspecific competition.

Methods

The experiment was performed in a greenhouse at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University with a Chinese fir clone named 'YANG-020'. The specially designed glass pots of 30 cm length, 30 cm width and 40 cm height were made for the P stress and competition simulation. Two seedlings were planted in each pot, except the control with a single seedling in the center of pot. All the competition treatments were involved three P supply levels: no P supply (0 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄), low P supply (6 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄) and normal P supply (12 mg·kg^-1 KH₂PO₄). The seedlings of each treatment were harvested to determine shoot biomass, root biomass and root: shoot ratio at the prime stage (9th September, 2013), interim stage (30th October, 2013) and last stage (19th December, 2013), separately, after determining the intercellular CO₂ concentration, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in needles over the the experimental period.Important findings There were significantly three-way interactive effects among competition treatment, P supply level and stress stage on the photosynthetic indexes of Chinese fir seedlings, including intercellular CO₂ concentration, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance (p < 0.05), but no significantly interactive effect was exhibited among the three factors on the biomass allocation (p > 0.05). Compared to the normal P supply, all of the values (i.e., net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance) decreased markedly in Chinese fir needles. The factors of low P supply and neighboring competition additively affected stomatal conductance of needles. Over the course of the stress experimental period, the value of transpiration rate in needles gradually decreased, but both root biomass and root:shoot ratio sharply increased. For the stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration, both of them gradually declined from the prime stress stage to the interim stage, while increased during the last stress stage.

Key words: assimilate transport, Cunninghamia lanceolata, competitive strategy, low phosphorus stress, root: shoot ratio

陈智裕, 李琦, 邹显花, 马祥庆, 吴鹏飞. 邻株竞争对低磷环境杉木幼苗光合特性及生物量分配的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(2): 177-. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0182

Zhi-Yu CHEN, Qi LI, Xian-Hua ZOU, Xiang-Qing MA, Peng-Fei WU. Effect of neighboring competition on photosynthetic characteristics and biomass allocation of Chinese fir seedlings under low phosphorus stress. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(2): 177-. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0182

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0182

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I2/177

图/表 9

图1 邻株竞争处理盆栽示意图.

Fig. 1 The design pot used for neighboring competition experiment.

表1 竞争处理,供磷水平和胁迫时期对杉木幼苗光合特性的影响

Table 1 Effects of competition treatment, phosphorus supply level and stress stage on the photosynthesis characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings

	自由度 Degrees of freedom	F值F value
	自由度 Degrees of freedom	胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂concentration	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance
竞争处理 Competition treatment (a)	1	53.9^**	5.807^*	11.181^**	4.4^*
供磷水平 Phosphorus supply level (b)	2	0.7^ns	16.698^**	15.740^**	20.9^**
胁迫时期 Stress stage (c)	2	10.4^**	0.698^ns	18.314^**	3.3^*
a和b组间交互作用 Effects between a and b	2	29.1^**	6.984^**	5.919^**	0.9^ns
a和c组间交互作用 Effects between a and c	2	6.6^**	9.382^**	3.494^*	8.2^**
b和c组间交互作用 Effects between b and c	4	8.7^**	4.323^**	9.111^**	10.5^**
a,b和c组间交互作用 Effects among a, b and c	4	3.9^**	3.522^*	8.247^**	8.4^**
误差 Error	90

图2 竞争和非竞争处理下杉木幼苗叶片的光合特性(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差).不同小写字母表示不同竞争处理间差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05).

Fig. 2 Photosynthetic characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings under neighboring competition treatment (mean &#x000b1; SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference between two competition treatments (p &#x0003C; 0.05).

图3 不同供磷水平下杉木幼苗叶片的光合特性(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差).不同小写字母表示不同供磷水平间差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05).

Fig. 3 Photosynthetic characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings under different phosphorus supply levels (mean &#x000b1; SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference among three phosphorus supply levels (p &#x0003C; 0.05).

图4 不同胁迫时期杉木幼苗叶片的光合特性(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差).不同小写字母表示不同胁迫时期间差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05).

Fig. 4 Photosynthetic characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings at different stress stages (mean &#x000b1; SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference among three stress stages (p &#x0003C; 0.05).

表2 竞争处理,供磷水平和胁迫时期对杉木幼苗生物量分配的影响

Table 2 Effects of competition treatment, phosphorus supply level and stress stage on the biomass allocation of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings

	自由度 Degrees of freedom	F值 F value
	自由度 Degrees of freedom	地上部分 Shoot	根系 Root	根冠比 Root to shoot ratio
竞争处理 Competition treatment (a)	1	1.767^ns	0.017^ns	0.659^ns
供磷水平 Phosphorus supply level (b)	2	0.240^**	38.689^**	38.096^ns
胁迫时期 Stress stage (c)	2	1.624^ns	0.710^**	4.927^**
a和b组间交互作用 Effects between a and b	2	1.225^ns	1.411^ns	0.007^ns
a和c组间交互作用 Effects between a and c	2	2.539^ns	0.438^ns	1.343^ns
b和c组间交互作用 Effects between b and c	4	0.412^ns	0.908^ns	1.075^ns
a,b和c组间交互作用 Effects among a, b and c	4	0.813^ns	1.571^ns	0.861^ns
误差 Error	90

图5 竞争和非竞争处理下杉木幼苗生物量的分配(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差).不同小写字母表示不同竞争处理间差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05).

Fig. 5 Biomass allocation of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings under neighboring competition treatment (mean &#x000b1; SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference between two competition treatments (p &#x0003C; 0.05).

图6 不同供磷水平下杉木幼苗生物量的分配(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差).不同小写字母表示不同供磷水平间差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05).

Fig. 6 Biomass allocation of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings under different phosphorus supply levels (mean &#x000b1; SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference among three phosphorus supply levels (p &#x0003C; 0.05).

图7 不同胁迫时期杉木幼苗生物量的分配(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差).不同小写字母表示不同胁迫时期间差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05).

Fig. 7 Biomass allocation of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings at different stress stages (mean &#x000b1; SE). Different small letters indicate significant difference among three stress stages (p &#x0003C; 0.05).

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