四种荒漠草原植物的生长对不同氮添加水平的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大气氮(N)沉降增加加速了生态系统N循环, 从而会对生态系统的结构和功能产生巨大的影响, 尤其是一些受N限制的生态系统.研究N添加对荒漠草原植物生长的影响, 可为深入理解N沉降增加对我国北方草原群落结构的影响提供基础数据.该文基于2011年在宁夏荒漠草原设置的N沉降增加的野外模拟试验, 研究了两年N添加下4个常见物种(牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii),老瓜头(Cynanchum komarovii),针茅(Stipa capillata)和冰草(Agropyron cristatum))不同时期种群生物量和6-8月份相对生长速率的变化特征.并通过分析物种生长与植物(群落和叶片水平)和土壤碳(C),N,磷(P)生态化学计量学特征的关系, 探讨C:N:P化学计量比对植物生长养分限制的指示作用.结果显示N添加促进了4个物种的生长, 但具有明显的种间差异性, 且这种差异也存在于相同生活型的不同物种间.总体而言, 4个物种种群生物量与叶片N浓度,叶片N:P,群落N库,土壤全N含量和土壤N:P存在明显的线性关系, 与植物和土壤C:N和C:P的相关关系相对较弱.几个物种相对生长速率与植物和土壤N:P也呈现一定程度的正相关关系, 但与其他指标相关性较弱.以上结果表明, 短期N沉降增加提高了植物的相对生长速率, 促进了植物生长, 且更有利于针茅和老瓜头的生物量积累, 从而可能会逐渐改变荒漠草原群落结构.植物N:P和土壤N:P对荒漠草原物种生长具有较强的指示作用: 随着土壤N受限性逐渐缓解, 土壤N含量和N:P相继升高, 可供植物摄取的N增多, 因而有利于植物生长和群落N库积累.

关键词: C, N, P生态化学计量学特征, 荒漠草原, 相对生长速率, 大气N沉降增加, 种群生物量

Abstract:

Aims The increase in atmospheric N deposition has accelerated N cycling of ecosystems, thus altering the structure and function of ecosystems, especially in those limited by N availability. Studies on the response of plant growth to artificial N addition could provide basic data for a better understanding of how the structure of grasslands in northern China responds to increasing N deposition. Methods We investigated the seasonal dynamics of plant growth of four species after 2-year multi-level N addition in a field experiment conducted in a desert steppe of Ningxia in 2011. Plant biomass and the relative growth rate (RGR) of the studied species were measured and their relationships with C:N:P ratios of plants (community and leaf levels) and soils were analyzed. Important findings Results in 2012 showed that 2-year N addition promoted the growth of the four species and the effects were different among growth forms and were species-specific. In general, the plant biomass of the studied species was significantly correlated with leaf N concentration, leaf N:P ratio, community N pool, soil total N content and soil N:P ratio, while only weak relationships were observed between plant biomass and C:N and C:P ratios of plants and soils. In contrast, there was a significant linear relationship between RGR and N:P ratios both of plants and soils.Our results suggest that short-term N addition promoted the accumulation of plant biomass, and the species-specific responses to stimulated N addition can directly affect the structure of the desert steppe ecosystem. Plant N:P ratio and soil N:P ratio could indicate nutrient limitation of plant growth to a certain extent: N addition increased soil N content and N:P ratio, and thus relieved N limitation gradually. Once more N is available to plants, the growth of plants and the accumulation of community N was stimulated in turn.

Key words: C:N:P ecological stoichiometry, desert steppe, relative growth rate, increase in atmospheric N deposition, population biomass

黄菊莹, 余海龙. 四种荒漠草原植物的生长对不同氮添加水平的响应. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(2): 165-. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0210

Ju-Ying HUANG, Hai-Long YU. Responses of growth of four desert species to different N addition levels. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(2): 165-. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0210

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0210

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I2/165

图/表 8

图1 N添加对4个物种种群生物量的影响(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差, n = 5).F0,F2.5,F5,F10,F20和F40分别代表0.00,2.50,5.00,10.00,20.00和40.00 g&#x000b7;m-2&#x000b7;a-1的N施用量.不同小写字母代表N处理间种群生物量差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05), 相同小写字母表示差异不显著(p &#x0003E; 0.05).A,B,C分别为牛枝子6,7,8月种群生物量.D,E,F分别为老瓜头6,7,8月种群生物量.G,H,I分别为针茅6-8月种群生物量.J,K,L分别为冰草6,7,8月种群生物量.

Fig. 1 Effects of N addition on plant biomass of the four species (mean &#x000b1; SE, n = 5). F0, F2.5, F5, F10, F20, and F40 represent N addition level at 0.00, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00, 20.00, and 40.00 g&#x000b7;m-2&#x000b7;a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p &#x0003C; 0.05) between population biomass within N levels. The same lowercase letters indicate insignificant differences (p &#x0003E; 0.05). A, B and C are data of Lespedeza potaninii in June, July, and August, respectively. D, E and F are data of Cynanchum komarovii in June, July, and August, respectively. G, H and I are data of Stipa capillata in June, July, and August, respectively. J, K and L are data of Agropyron cristatum in June, July, and August, respectively.

图2 N添加对4个物种6-8月份相对生长速率的影响(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差, n = 5).F0,F2.5,F5,F10,F20和F40分别代表0.00,2.50,5.00,10.00,20.00和40.00 g&#x000b7;m-2&#x000b7;a-1的N施用量.不同小写字母代表N处理间相对生长速率差异显著(p &#x0003C; 0.05), 相同小写字母表示差异不显著(p &#x0003E; 0.05).

Fig. 2 Effects of N addition on the relative growth rate (from June to August) of the four species (mean &#x000b1; SE, n = 5). F0, F2.5, F5, F10, F20, and F40 represent N addition level at 0.00,2.50,5.00,10.00,20.00, and 40.00 g&#x000b7;m-2&#x000b7;a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p &#x0003C; 0.05) between relative growth rate among N addition levels. The same lowercase letters indicate insignificant differences (p &#x0003E; 0.05).

图3 8月份群落生物量,C库,N库,P库,C:N和N:P随N添加的变化(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差, n = 5).

Fig. 3 Changes of community biomass, C pool, N pool, P pool, C:N, and N:P with N addition levels in August (mean &#x000b1; SE, n = 5).

表1 8月份4个物种种群生物量和6-8月份相对生长速率与叶片C, N, P及其计量比的相关性

Table 1 Correlation coefficients between the C:N:P ratio of plant leaves and the plant biomass or the relative growth rate from June to August of the four species

	指标 Index	全C浓度 Total C	全N浓度 Total N	全P浓度 Total P	C:N	C:P	N:P
牛枝子 Lespedeza potaninii	种群生物量 Population biomass	-0.647	0.585	0.178	-0.734	-0.583	0.824^*
牛枝子 Lespedeza potaninii	相对生长速率 Relative growth rate	-0.564	0.461	0.031	-0.618	-0.443	0.889^*
老瓜头 Cynanchum komarovii	种群生物量 Population biomass	-0.541	0.887^*	-0.494	-0.865^*	-0.314	0.988^**
老瓜头 Cynanchum komarovii	相对生长速率 Relative growth rate	-0.558	0.555	-0.709	-0.708	-0.169	0.802^*
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	种群生物量 Population biomass	-0.276	0.499	0.667	-0.561	-0.655	0.245
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	相对生长速率 Relative growth rate	0.669	-0.321	0.049	0.483	0.390	-0.585
针茅 Stipa capillata	种群生物量 Population biomass	-0.477	0.950^**	0.655	-0.836^*	-0.508	-0.589
针茅 Stipa capillata	相对生长速率 Relative growth rate	-0.869^*	0.288	0.691	-0.686	-0.920^**	-0.426

图4 8月份4个物种种群生物量与群落N库,C:N和N:P的关系(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差, n = 5).

Fig. 4 Relationships between the population biomass of the four species and community N pool, C:N, and N:P in August (mean &#x000b1; SE, n = 5).

图5 4个物种6-8月相对生长速率与群落N库C:N和N:P的关系(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差, n = 5).

Fig. 5 Relationships between the relative growth rate of the four specie (from June to August) and community N pool, C:N ratio, and N:P ratio (mean &#x000b1; SE, n = 5).

图6 8月份4个物种种群生物量与土壤全N含量,C:N和N:P的线性关系(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差, n = 5).

Fig. 6 Relationships between the population biomass of the four species and soil total N content, C:N ratio and N:P ratio in August (mean &#x000b1; SE, n = 5).

图7 4个物种6-8月相对生长速率与土壤全N含量,C:N和N:P的线性关系(平均值&#x000b1;标准误差, n = 5).

Fig. 7 Relationships between the relative growth rate of the four species (from June to August) and soil total N content, C:N ratio, and N:P ratio (mean &#x000b1; SE, n = 5).

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