浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替阶段共有种的树木构型

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

树木构型是木本植物为响应光照变化在其空间建造结构上的配置模式和形态体现。研究演替不同阶段共有种构型的变化可以剔除植物谱系的影响, 反映植物构型特征与光资源供给性的关系。该研究在浙江宁波天童、南山和北仑3个次生演替序列上选择了5个演替共有种, 分4个群落高度层级, 对照分析了树高、冠幅深度和面积、枝条伸展方向、基径、叶片盖度和聚集度构型性状随演替的变化, 并分析了与冠幅曝光指数的线性关系。结果表明: 1)随着演替进行, 冠幅厚度和面积、叶片盖度、叶片聚集度和基径逐步增加, 但在个别相邻演替阶段增加不显著; 2)随着演替进行, 植物的垂直枝比例降低, 水平枝比例增加; 3)演替过程中植物冠幅曝光指数在各层级内都呈现出减小趋势; 4)构型性状和植物冠幅曝光指数间存在显著的线性回归关系(p < 0.001)。总之, 随着常绿阔叶林演替进行, 演替共有种构型的变化反映了物种功能类群由阳性先锋植物向耐阴植物的转化, 其中, 植物对光资源的适应是导致构型变化的主要原因。

关键词: 冠幅曝光指数, 常绿阔叶林, 共有种, 次生演替, 树木构型

Abstract:

Aims Tree architecture refers to the overall shape and size of the woody plants, as well as the spatial arrangement of its components in response to changing light. Variation in tree architecture of overlapping species among successional stages can be used to indicate relationships between tree architecture and light availability, because confounding effects resulted from plant phylogenetics are excluded. Our objective was to examine how tree architecture varies among overlapping species in different successional stages.
Methods The study sites are located in Tiantong National Forest Park (29°52′ N, 121°39′ E), Nanshan Mountain (29°52′ N, 121°41′ E) and Beilun Forest Park (29°50′ N, 121°52′ E) in Zhejiang Province, China. We measured tree height, crown depth and area, stem basal diameter, leaf coverage and convergence, stretch direction of branch and crown exposure index for five overlapping species in four vertical layers among successional communities in three sites. Linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the quantitative relationship between tree architecture and crown exposure index.
Important findings With the forest succession, crown depth and area, leaf coverage and stem basal diameter increased gradually, but did not show significant differences between adjacent successional stages in some cases. The proportion of dispersed leaves increased, but the proportion of clumped leaves decreased. Among four vertical layers, crown exposure index decreased through forest succession. There were significant linear relationships between crown exposure index and each of eight tree architectural traits (p < 0.001). We conclude that variability in tree architecture among overlapping species through forest succession indicates a shifting pattern of plant functional groups from pioneer species to shade-tolerant species in evergreen broad-leaved forests. Light acclimatization is one of main factors driving variation in tree architecture.

Key words: crown exposure index, evergreen broad-leaved forest, overlapping species, secondary succession, tree architecture

杨晓东,阎恩荣,张志浩,孙宝伟,黄海侠,Ali ARSHAD,马文济,史青茹. 浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替阶段共有种的树木构型. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(7): 611-619. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00063

YANG Xiao-Dong,YAN En-Rong,ZHANG Zhi-Hao,SUN Bao-Wei,HUANG Hai-Xia,Ali ARSHAD,MA Wen-Ji,SHI Qing-Ru. Tree architecture of overlapping species among successional stages in evergreen broad-leaved forests in Tiantong region, Zhejiang Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(7): 611-619. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00063

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00063

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I7/611

图/表 7

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演替阶段 Succession stage	小灌木层 Shrublet layer (tree height < 2 m)							灌木层 Shrub layer (2 m < tree height < 4 m)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)		物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped
BS1	檵木 Loropetalum chinensis	6	66.0	33.0	0.0	33.0	66.0	连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	-	-	-	-	-	-
BS2		-	20.0	80.0	0.0	50.0	50.0		4	0.0	33.0	66.0	100.0	0.0
BS3		4	-	-	-	-	-		4	40.0	60.0	0.0	100.0	0.0
NS1	连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	13	20.0	80.0	0.0	44.9	46.1		7	28.6	71.4	0.0	57.1	42.9
NS2		3	-	-	-	-	-		8	0.0	100.0	0.0	73.3	26.7
NS3		13	7.7	84.6	7.7	80.0	20.0		28	10.4	87.6	2.0	76.9	23.1
TS1	窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa	5	60.0	20.0	20.0	0.0	100.0		-	-	-	-	-	-
TS2		27	0.0	39.0	61.0	8.7	91.3		6	7.1	92.9	0.0	33.3	66.7
TS3		5	0.0	75.0	25.0	60.0	40.0		24	0.0	100.0	0.0	57.1	42.9

演替阶段 Succession stage	小灌木层 Shrublet layer (tree height < 2 m)							灌木层 Shrub layer (2 m < tree height < 4 m)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)		物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped
BS1	檵木 Loropetalum chinensis	6	66.0	33.0	0.0	33.0	66.0	连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	-	-	-	-	-	-
BS2		-	20.0	80.0	0.0	50.0	50.0		4	0.0	33.0	66.0	100.0	0.0
BS3		4	-	-	-	-	-		4	40.0	60.0	0.0	100.0	0.0
NS1	连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	13	20.0	80.0	0.0	44.9	46.1		7	28.6	71.4	0.0	57.1	42.9
NS2		3	-	-	-	-	-		8	0.0	100.0	0.0	73.3	26.7
NS3		13	7.7	84.6	7.7	80.0	20.0		28	10.4	87.6	2.0	76.9	23.1
TS1	窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa	5	60.0	20.0	20.0	0.0	100.0		-	-	-	-	-	-
TS2		27	0.0	39.0	61.0	8.7	91.3		6	7.1	92.9	0.0	33.3	66.7
TS3		5	0.0	75.0	25.0	60.0	40.0		24	0.0	100.0	0.0	57.1	42.9

演替阶段 Succession stage	亚乔木层 Subtree layer (4 m < tree height < 8 m)							乔木层 Tree layer (tree height > 8 m)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)		物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped
BS1	木荷 Schima superba	4	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	木荷 Schima superba	-	-	-	-	-	-
BS2		4	100.0	0.0	0.0	33.3	66.6		18	100.0	0.0	0.0	17.6	82.4
BS3		3	50.0	50.0	0.0	100.0	0.0		4	100.0	0.0	0.0	50.0	50.0
NS1	栲 Castanopsis fargesii	6	100.0	0.0	0.0	16.7	83.3	木荷 Schima superba	-	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0
NS2		-	-	-	-	-	-		13	30.0	60.0	10.0	61.5	38.5
NS3		5	33.3	50.0	17.7	100.0	0.0		10	23.1	69.2	7.7	60.0	40.0
TS1	木荷 Schima superba	-	14.3	57.1	28.6	100.0	0.0	木荷 Schima superba	-	-	-	-	-	-
TS2		7	-	-	-	-	-		26	18.5	40.7	40.8	0.0	100.0
TS3		3	0.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	0.0		3	0.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	0.0

演替阶段 Succession stage	亚乔木层 Subtree layer (4 m < tree height < 8 m)							乔木层 Tree layer (tree height > 8 m)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)		物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	枝条伸展方向的比例 Proportion of branch stretch direction (%)			叶片聚集类型的比例 Proportion of leaf convergence type (%)
	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped	物种 Species	个体数 Individual number	α < 30°	α > 60°	60° > α > 30°	分散 Dispersed	聚集 Clumped
BS1	木荷 Schima superba	4	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0	木荷 Schima superba	-	-	-	-	-	-
BS2		4	100.0	0.0	0.0	33.3	66.6		18	100.0	0.0	0.0	17.6	82.4
BS3		3	50.0	50.0	0.0	100.0	0.0		4	100.0	0.0	0.0	50.0	50.0
NS1	栲 Castanopsis fargesii	6	100.0	0.0	0.0	16.7	83.3	木荷 Schima superba	-	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100.0
NS2		-	-	-	-	-	-		13	30.0	60.0	10.0	61.5	38.5
NS3		5	33.3	50.0	17.7	100.0	0.0		10	23.1	69.2	7.7	60.0	40.0
TS1	木荷 Schima superba	-	14.3	57.1	28.6	100.0	0.0	木荷 Schima superba	-	-	-	-	-	-
TS2		7	-	-	-	-	-		26	18.5	40.7	40.8	0.0	100.0
TS3		3	0.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	0.0		3	0.0	0.0	100.0	100.0	0.0

演替阶段 Succession stage	小灌木层 Shrublet layer (tree height < 2 m)	灌木层 Shrub layer (2 m < tree height < 4 m)	亚乔木层 Subtree layer (4 m < tree height < 8 m)	乔木层 Tree layer (tree height > 8 m)
前期 Early	2.02 ± 0.76^A	2.64 ± 0.85^A	4.75 ± 0.41^A	-
中期 Middle	1.90 ± 0.62^A	2.56 ± 0.86^A	4.67 ± 0.58^A	4.86 ± 0.42^A
后期 Later	1.81 ± 0.62^A	2.51 ± 0.95^A	4.69 ± 0.46^A	4.84 ± 0.35^A