植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 227-237.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0305
谭凤森1,2,宋慧清1,2,李忠国1,2,3,张启伟1,2,朱师丹1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2018-11-30
修回日期:
2019-02-22
出版日期:
2019-03-20
发布日期:
2019-04-23
通讯作者:
朱师丹 ORCID:0000-0002-9228-368X
基金资助:
TAN Feng-Sen1,2,SONG Hui-Qing1,2,LI Zhong-Guo1,2,3,ZHANG Qi-Wei1,2,ZHU Shi-Dan1,2,*()
Received:
2018-11-30
Revised:
2019-02-22
Online:
2019-03-20
Published:
2019-04-23
Contact:
ZHU Shi-Dan ORCID:0000-0002-9228-368X
Supported by:
摘要:
桂西南喀斯特地区生物多样性丰富、特有种多, 同时也是石漠化问题较为严重的区域。由于该喀斯特地区土层浅薄、岩石裸露、表层储水能力差, 植物在干旱季节经常会受到水分胁迫。植物水力学特征不仅是探讨喀斯特地区植物的生理生态适应性的关键, 还能够为石漠化地区的植被恢复提供重要参考。该研究测定了桂西南喀斯特季雨林17种代表性木本植物(包括不同生活型、叶片习性和生境)的木质部脆弱性曲线、最低水势、叶片膨压丧失点和边材密度等水力性状, 结果发现: (1)喀斯特植物木质部导水率丧失50%时的水势值(P50)的种间差异较大(-0.51- -2.51 MPa), 其中常绿种的抗栓塞能力比落叶种强; (2)喀斯特植物的木质部水力安全边界值(最低水势与P50之间的差值)的均值为0.36 MPa, 说明喀斯特森林植物在自然最低水势状况下木质部发生栓塞的程度较高; 但是不同植物种间存在显著差异, 这可能与喀斯特峰丛洼地生境的复杂性以及物种不同的抗旱策略有关; (3)由于喀斯特植物水分适应机制的多样化, 导致木质部水力安全边界与叶片膨压丧失点、边材密度的相关性并不显著。在区域气候干热化的背景下, 结合喀斯特植物的栓塞脆弱性和长期水势监测(尤其极端干旱事件)分析它们的水力安全, 对预测未来喀斯特森林物种分布和群落动态具有重要的指示作用。
谭凤森, 宋慧清, 李忠国, 张启伟, 朱师丹. 桂西南喀斯特季雨林木本植物的水力安全. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(3): 227-237. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0305
TAN Feng-Sen, SONG Hui-Qing, LI Zhong-Guo, ZHANG Qi-Wei, ZHU Shi-Dan. Hydraulic safety margin of 17 co-occurring woody plants in a seasonal rain forest in Guangxi’s Southwest karst landscape, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(3): 227-237. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0305
物种 Species | 缩写 Abbreviation | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 叶片习性 Leaf habit | 生境 Habitat | 最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
红背山麻杆 Alchornea trewioides | At | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 62 |
龙州细子龙 Amesiodendron integrifoliolatum | Ai | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山谷 Valley | 46 |
糙叶树 Aphananthe aspera | Aa | 榆科 Ulmaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山谷 Valley | 115 |
黄梨木 Boniodendron minus | Bm | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 76 |
杭子梢 Campylotropis macrocarpa | Cm | 蝶形花科 Fabaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 66 |
山柑藤 Cansjera rheedei | Cr | 山柚子科 Opiliaceae | 藤本 Liana | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 273 |
肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | Cs | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山谷 Valley | 35 |
灰毛浆果楝 Cipadessa cinerascens | Cc | 楝科 Meliaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 落叶 Deciduous | 山谷 Valley | 67 |
茶条木 Delavaya toxocarpa | Dt | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 100 |
假鹰爪 Desmos chinensis | Dc | 番荔枝科 Annonaceae | 藤本 Liana | 常绿 Evergreen | 山谷 Valley | 43 |
蚬木 Excentrodendron hsienmu | Eh | 椴树科 Tiliaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 70 |
石岩枫 Mallotus repandus | Mr | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 藤本 Liana | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 170 |
黄连木 Pistacia chinensis | Pc | 漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 52 |
秀丽海桐 Pittosporum pulchrum | Pp | 海桐花科 Pittosporaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 68 |
圆叶乌桕 Sapium rotundifolium | Sar | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 45 |
鸡仔木 Sinoadina racemosa | Sir | 茜草科 Rubiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 74 |
米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea | To | 亚麻科 Linaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 56 |
表1 桂西南喀斯特季雨林17种木本植物
Table 1 Seventeen woody species in a seasonal rain forest in Guangxi’s Southwest karst landscape
物种 Species | 缩写 Abbreviation | 科 Family | 生活型 Life form | 叶片习性 Leaf habit | 生境 Habitat | 最大导管长度 Maximum vessel length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
红背山麻杆 Alchornea trewioides | At | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 62 |
龙州细子龙 Amesiodendron integrifoliolatum | Ai | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山谷 Valley | 46 |
糙叶树 Aphananthe aspera | Aa | 榆科 Ulmaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山谷 Valley | 115 |
黄梨木 Boniodendron minus | Bm | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 76 |
杭子梢 Campylotropis macrocarpa | Cm | 蝶形花科 Fabaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 66 |
山柑藤 Cansjera rheedei | Cr | 山柚子科 Opiliaceae | 藤本 Liana | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 273 |
肥牛树 Cephalomappa sinensis | Cs | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山谷 Valley | 35 |
灰毛浆果楝 Cipadessa cinerascens | Cc | 楝科 Meliaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 落叶 Deciduous | 山谷 Valley | 67 |
茶条木 Delavaya toxocarpa | Dt | 无患子科 Sapindaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 100 |
假鹰爪 Desmos chinensis | Dc | 番荔枝科 Annonaceae | 藤本 Liana | 常绿 Evergreen | 山谷 Valley | 43 |
蚬木 Excentrodendron hsienmu | Eh | 椴树科 Tiliaceae | 乔木 Tree | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 70 |
石岩枫 Mallotus repandus | Mr | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 藤本 Liana | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 170 |
黄连木 Pistacia chinensis | Pc | 漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 52 |
秀丽海桐 Pittosporum pulchrum | Pp | 海桐花科 Pittosporaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 68 |
圆叶乌桕 Sapium rotundifolium | Sar | 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 45 |
鸡仔木 Sinoadina racemosa | Sir | 茜草科 Rubiaceae | 乔木 Tree | 落叶 Deciduous | 山脊 Ridge | 74 |
米念芭 Tirpitzia ovoidea | To | 亚麻科 Linaceae | 灌木 Shrub | 常绿 Evergreen | 山脊 Ridge | 56 |
图1 桂西南喀斯特季雨林17种木本植物的木质部脆弱性曲线。物种缩写见表1。P50, 即枝条导水率损失50%时的木质部水势值。
Fig. 1 Xylem vulnerability curves of 17 woody species in a seasonal rain forest in Guangxi’s Southwest karst landscape. Species codes are provided in Table 1. P50, the xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity. R, ridge; V, valley; D, deciduous; E, evergreen; T, tree; S, shrub; L, liana.
图2 桂西南喀斯特季雨林不同植物类群的木质部栓塞脆弱性(P50)的比较。误差线为标准误差。*和不同小写字母之间表示有显著性差异(p < 0.05), ns表示无显著差异(p > 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Comparison of cavitation vulnerability (P50) among plant groups in a seasonal rain forest in Guangxi’s Southwest karst landscape. The error bars are standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). * indicates significant difference (p < 0.05); ns indicates no significant difference (p > 0.05).
图3 桂西南喀斯特季雨林17种木本植物枝条和叶片的季节最低水势。误差线为标准误差, *表示枝条最低水势(Ψstem-min)和叶片最低水势(Ψleaf-min)有显著差异(p < 0.05)。物种缩写见表1。
Fig. 3 Minimum stem and leaf water potential of the 17 woody species in a seasonal rain forest in Guangxi’s Southwest karst landscape. The error bars are standard errors. * indicate significant difference between minimum stem water potential (Ψstem-min) and minimum leaf water potential (Ψleaf-min)(p < 0.05). Species codes are provided in Table 1.
图4 桂西南喀斯特季雨林17种木本植物以及不同植物类群的水力安全边界(HSM)的比较。误差线为标准误差。不同小写字母之间表示有显著性的差异(p < 0.05), ns表示无显著差异(p > 0.05)。物种缩写见表1。
Fig. 4 Comparison of hydraulic safety margins (HSM) among species or plant groups in a seasonal rain forest in Guangxi’s Southwest karst landscape. The error bars are standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05). ns indicates no significant difference (p > 0.05). Species codes are provided in Table 1.
图5 桂西南喀斯特季雨林木本植物木质部水力安全边界(HSM)与膨压丧失点水势(A)和边材密度(B)之间的相关关系。
Fig. 5 Relationships between hydraulic safety margin (HSM) and turgor loss point (Ψtlp)(A), sapwood density (WD)(B) for the 17 woody species in a seasonal rain forest in Guangxi’s Southwest karst landscape.
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