植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 70-79.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0270
所属专题: 碳水能量通量
胡姝娅1,2,刁华杰1,3,王惠玲3,薄元超3,申颜1,孙伟4,董宽虎3,黄建辉1,2,王常慧1,*()
收稿日期:
2019-10-15
修回日期:
2020-01-05
出版日期:
2020-01-20
发布日期:
2020-03-26
通讯作者:
王常慧
基金资助:
HU Shu-Ya1,2,DIAO Hua-Jie1,3,WANG Hui-Ling3,BO Yuan-Chao3,SHEN Yan1,SUN Wei4,DONG Kuan-Hu3,HUANG Jian-Hui1,2,WANG Chang-Hui1,*()
Received:
2019-10-15
Revised:
2020-01-05
Online:
2020-01-20
Published:
2020-03-26
Contact:
WANG Chang-Hui
Supported by:
摘要:
农牧交错带草地生态系统兼受农业和牧业的影响, 属于脆弱生态系统, 尤其是养分贫瘠的盐碱化草地, 其生态系统结构和功能对外界干扰的响应更加强烈。位于晋西北地区的农牧交错带盐碱化草地, 地理位置独特, 区别于天然牧区草地生态系统。由于毗邻农田, 农业氮肥的过量使用促进了活性氮气体排放, 同时使得农牧交错带草地土壤碳氮循环发生改变。刈割是北方农牧交错草地生态系统的主要管理方式, 为了深入探究氮添加和刈割管理方式对农牧交错带草地碳循环的影响, 进一步厘清该区域草地生态系统的碳动态问题, 该研究设置了一个不同形态氮添加和刈割的裂区实验, 测定土壤呼吸对不同形态氮肥添加和刈割的响应, 为进一步科学管理该区域草地提供可靠的依据。实验样地位于山西省右玉县境内的“山西农业大学农牧交错带草地生态系统野外观测研究站”, 于2017年设置不同形态氮添加和刈割处理, 实验处理包括对照(不刈割和刈割)、尿素添加、缓释尿素添加、刈割+尿素添加、刈割+缓释尿素添加, 每种处理6个重复, 共36个小区。在不同处理条件下测定土壤呼吸速率、土壤温度、土壤水分、土壤微生物生物量、土壤无机氮含量、植物地上和地下生物量, 并计算土壤累积碳排放量及CO2通量。研究结果表明: (1)短期(2017-2018年)尿素和缓释尿素的添加显著提高了该地区土壤呼吸速率和土壤累积碳排放量。与添加缓释尿素相比, 添加尿素处理下的土壤呼吸速率和累积碳排放量更高; (2)刈割显著降低土壤呼吸速率和累积碳排放量; (3)短期氮添加和刈割的交互作用对土壤呼吸速率没有显著影响。因此, 短期氮添加促进了北方农牧交错带盐碱化草地土壤碳释放, 刈割抑制土壤呼吸, 降低了累积碳排放量, 这可能是由于刈割移除地上植物, 减少了凋落物的输入, 底物减少导致土壤微生物活性降低。但是随着处理时间的延长, 氮添加和刈割对该农牧交错带盐碱化草地土壤碳动态的影响还有待进一步探究和发现。
胡姝娅,刁华杰,王惠玲,薄元超,申颜,孙伟,董宽虎,黄建辉,王常慧. 北方农牧交错带温性盐碱化草地土壤呼吸对不同形态氮添加和刈割的响应. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(1): 70-79. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0270
HU Shu-Ya,DIAO Hua-Jie,WANG Hui-Ling,BO Yuan-Chao,SHEN Yan,SUN Wei,DONG Kuan-Hu,HUANG Jian-Hui,WANG Chang-Hui. Response of soil respiration to addition of different forms of nitrogen and mowing in a saline-alkali grassland in the northern agro-pastoral ecotone. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(1): 70-79. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0270
图1 2017和2018年各处理间土壤含水量及土壤温度的季节动态(平均值+标准误差)。CK, 对照处理; M, 刈割处理; SUN, 添加缓释尿素处理; SUN + M, 添加缓释尿素+刈割处理; UN, 添加尿素处理; UN + M, 添加尿素+刈割处理。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 1 Seasonal dynamics of soil water content and soil temperature in 2017 and 2018 (mean + SE). CK, control treatment; M, mowing treatment; SUN, slow release urea treatment; SUN + M, slow release urea and mowing treatment; UN, urea treatment; UN + M, urea and mowing treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
图2 北方农牧交错带温性盐碱化草地不同处理的土壤呼吸速率季节动态(平均值+标准误差)。CK, 对照处理; M, 刈割处理; SUN, 添加缓释尿素处理; SUN + M, 添加缓释尿素+刈割处理; UN, 添加尿素处理; UN + M, 添加尿素+刈割处理。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration rates under different treatments of saline-alkali grassland in the northern agricultural-pastoral ecotone (mean + SE). CK, control treatment; M, mowing treatment; SUN, slow release urea treatment; SUN + M, slow release urea and mowing treatment; UN, urea treatment; UN + M, urea and mowing treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
因素 Factor | df | F | P |
---|---|---|---|
测定时间 Measuring time (Time) | 16 | 35.947 | 0.000 |
氮添加 Nitrogen addition (N) | 2 | 3.955 | 0.020 |
刈割 Mowing | 1 | 55.789 | 0.000 |
测定时间×氮添加 (Time × N) | 32 | 0.547 | 0.981 |
测定时间×刈割 (Time × Mowing) | 16 | 11.760 | 0.000 |
施氮处理×刈割 (N × Mowing) | 2 | 0.150 | 0.481 |
测定时间×氮添加×刈割 (Time × N × Mowing) | 32 | 0.579 | 0.977 |
表1 氮添加、刈割及其交互作用对北方农牧交错带温性盐碱化草地土壤呼吸的影响
Table 1 Effects of N addition, mowing and their interactions on soil respiration in saline-alkali grassland in the northern agricultural-pastoral ecotone
因素 Factor | df | F | P |
---|---|---|---|
测定时间 Measuring time (Time) | 16 | 35.947 | 0.000 |
氮添加 Nitrogen addition (N) | 2 | 3.955 | 0.020 |
刈割 Mowing | 1 | 55.789 | 0.000 |
测定时间×氮添加 (Time × N) | 32 | 0.547 | 0.981 |
测定时间×刈割 (Time × Mowing) | 16 | 11.760 | 0.000 |
施氮处理×刈割 (N × Mowing) | 2 | 0.150 | 0.481 |
测定时间×氮添加×刈割 (Time × N × Mowing) | 32 | 0.579 | 0.977 |
df | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|
固定效应 Fixed effects | |||
氮添加 Nitrogen addition (N) | 2 | 6.751 | 0.005 |
刈割 Mowing | 1 | 0.124 | 0.728 |
氮添加×刈割 (N × Mowing) | 2 | 0.239 | 0.789 |
随机效应 Random effects | |||
小区 Block | - | 1.313 | 0.189 |
表2 氮添加、刈割及其交互作用对年平均土壤累积碳排放量的影响
Table 2 Effects of N addition, mowing and their interactions on annual cumulative carbon emissions.
df | F | P | |
---|---|---|---|
固定效应 Fixed effects | |||
氮添加 Nitrogen addition (N) | 2 | 6.751 | 0.005 |
刈割 Mowing | 1 | 0.124 | 0.728 |
氮添加×刈割 (N × Mowing) | 2 | 0.239 | 0.789 |
随机效应 Random effects | |||
小区 Block | - | 1.313 | 0.189 |
图3 土壤呼吸对不同处理的响应(平均值+标准误差)。M, 刈割处理; SUN, 添加缓释尿素处理; SUN + M, 添加缓释尿素+刈割处理; UN, 添加尿素处理; UN + M, 添加尿素+刈割处理。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Response of soil respiration to different treatments (mean + SE). M, mowing treatment; SUN, slow release urea treatment; SUN + M, slow release urea and mowing treatment; UN, urea treatment; UN + M, urea and mowing treatment. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
图4 北方农牧交错带温性盐碱化草地不同处理的生长季土壤CO2排放量(平均值+标准误差)。CK, 对照处理; M, 刈割处理; SUN, 添加缓释尿素处理; SUN + M, 添加缓释尿素+刈割处理; UN, 添加尿素处理; UN + M, 添加尿素+刈割处理。*, 差异性在0.05水平上显著。
Fig. 4 CO2 cumulative emissions during the growing season under different treatments of saline-alkali grassland in the northern agricultural-pastoral ecotone (mean + SE). CK, control treatment; M, mowing treatment; SUN, slow release urea treatment; SUN + M, slow release urea and mowing treatment; UN, urea treatment; UN + M, urea and mowing treatment. *, difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
图5 北方农牧交错带温性盐碱化草地不同处理的土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度和土壤水分的相关性。CK, 对照处理; M, 刈割处理; SUN, 添加缓释尿素处理; SUN + M, 添加缓释尿素+刈割处理; UN, 添加尿素处理; UN + M, 添加尿素+刈割处理。**, 相关性在0.01水平上显著。
Fig. 5 Correlation between soil respiration rates and soil temperature and moisture under different treatments of saline-alkali grassland in the northern agricultural-pastoral ecotone. CK, control treatment; M, mowing treatment; SUN, slow release urea treatment; SUN + M, slow release urea and mowing treatment; UN, urea treatment; UN + M, urea and mowing treatment. **, correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.
SR | NH4+ | NO3- | BNPP | AGB | BGB | Litter | MBC | MBN | MBC/MBN | DOC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SR | 1.000 | ||||||||||
NH4+ | -0.412** | 1.000 | |||||||||
NO3- | -0.321** | 0.450** | 1.000 | ||||||||
BNPP | 0.072 | 0.108 | 0.295* | 1.000 | |||||||
AGB | -0.013 | 0.468** | 0.433** | 0.233* | 1.000 | ||||||
BGB | 0.005 | -0.139 | -0.358** | -0.102 | -0.032 | 1.000 | |||||
Litter | -0.189 | 0.622** | 0.536** | 0.180 | 0.489** | -0.193 | 1.000 | ||||
MBC | 0.253* | -0.363** | -0.372** | -0.029 | -0.138 | 0.380** | -0.337** | 1.000 | |||
MBN | 0.191 | -0.314** | -0.248* | -0.231 | -0.219 | 0.316** | -0.281* | 0.561** | 1.000 | ||
MBC/MBN | 0.026 | 0.166 | -0.066 | 0.215 | 0.043 | 0.162 | 0.026 | 0.185 | -0.306** | 1.000 | |
DOC | 0.194 | -0.190 | -0.410** | -0.180 | -0.134 | 0.187 | -0.341** | 0.327** | 0.096 | 0.064 | 1.000 |
表3 北方农牧交错带温性盐碱化草地土壤呼吸与土壤微生物, 土壤理化性质的相关性
Table 3 Pearson’s correlation between soil respiration and soil microorganisms, and soil physical and chemical properties of saline-alkaline grasslands in the northern agricultural-pastoral ecotone
SR | NH4+ | NO3- | BNPP | AGB | BGB | Litter | MBC | MBN | MBC/MBN | DOC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SR | 1.000 | ||||||||||
NH4+ | -0.412** | 1.000 | |||||||||
NO3- | -0.321** | 0.450** | 1.000 | ||||||||
BNPP | 0.072 | 0.108 | 0.295* | 1.000 | |||||||
AGB | -0.013 | 0.468** | 0.433** | 0.233* | 1.000 | ||||||
BGB | 0.005 | -0.139 | -0.358** | -0.102 | -0.032 | 1.000 | |||||
Litter | -0.189 | 0.622** | 0.536** | 0.180 | 0.489** | -0.193 | 1.000 | ||||
MBC | 0.253* | -0.363** | -0.372** | -0.029 | -0.138 | 0.380** | -0.337** | 1.000 | |||
MBN | 0.191 | -0.314** | -0.248* | -0.231 | -0.219 | 0.316** | -0.281* | 0.561** | 1.000 | ||
MBC/MBN | 0.026 | 0.166 | -0.066 | 0.215 | 0.043 | 0.162 | 0.026 | 0.185 | -0.306** | 1.000 | |
DOC | 0.194 | -0.190 | -0.410** | -0.180 | -0.134 | 0.187 | -0.341** | 0.327** | 0.096 | 0.064 | 1.000 |
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