青藏高原高寒草地地上植物碳积累速率对生态系统多功能性的影响机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0180

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在全球气候变暖的背景下, 草地作为陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分, 其较小幅度的波动, 会影响整个陆地生态系统碳循环和生态系统多功能性(EMF)。地上植物碳积累速率(CAR)表示从生长季初始到生长季生物量峰值的群落地上部分碳累积速率, 能够很好地表征固碳功能、固碳潜力和效率。因此, 植物CAR的变化会改变地上和地下群落维持EMF的能力。目前EMF的相关报道多探讨地上群落多样性和EMF的关系, 而缺乏高寒草地生态系统植被地上CAR对EMF的影响机制研究。该研究目的是探究高寒草地群落CAR对EMF的调控作用、机理和过程, 这将对草地生态系统管理提供理论支持, 并推进对生态系统多功能性维持机制的理解。2015年7-8月, 在青藏高原地区进行草地样带调查, 共计取115个样点。综合土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、地上和地下生物量以及微生物生物量碳等13种生态系统参数计算生态系统多功能性指数(M)。利用归一化植被指数(NDVI, 1982-2013年)计算并提取2015年物候数据, 最终获得CAR。采用薄盘光滑样条插值法插值气象数据, 提取样点2011-2015年年降水量和年平均气温, 以供分析CAR对EMF的调控机理。主要结果: 地下生物量、土壤有机碳、全磷和微生物生物量碳含量对CAR和M有较高的权重(0.58、0.80、0.83和0.79; 1.05、0.98、1.02和0.97), CAR和M呈显著线性正相关关系(R² = 0.45, p < 0.01)。在降水和气温要素的影响下, 植物地上群落和地下土壤要素的协同作用, 影响植被CAR, 进一步调控EMF。

关键词: 生态系统多功能性, 碳积累速率, 高寒草地, 土壤有机碳, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims As one of the major terrestrial ecosystems of the world, a small fluctuation of grassland soil carbon (C) would affect the carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem and ecosystem multifunctionlity (EMF). The carbon accumulation rate (CAR) of aboveground community well reflects the capacity and efficiency of carbon sequestration in a field from the start to the peak of a growing season. The changes in plant CAR could influence the ability of above- and below-ground community. Currently, the majority of studies have primarily focused on the relationship between community diversity and EMF, while the linkages of CAR with EMF were understudied. We aimed to explore the process and underlying mechanism of how CAR affecting EMF in alpine grassland community. Our results would improve the understanding of EMF maintenance mechanism and provide theoretical support for alpine ecosystem management.
Methods We conducted a field transect survey which consists of a total of 115 sample sites of alpine grasslands on the Qingzang Plateau from July to August 2015. The ecosystem multifunctionality index (M) was calculated from 13 key ecosystem parameters including soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content above- and belowground biomass etc. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, 1982-2013) was adopted to obtain the phenology in 2015. We calculated the CAR value. To explore the underlying mechanism of how CAR affecting EMF, the annual total precipitation and temperature were extracted by the method of thin disk smooth spline interpolation based on observations of meteorological stations from 2011-2015.
Important findings Belowground biomass, soil organic carbon content, total phosphorus content and microbial biomass carbon content had high weighting for CAR (0.58, 0.80, 0.83 and 0.79) and M (1.05, 0.98, 1.02 and 0.97). There was a significantly positive correlation between CAR and M (R² = 0.45, p < 0.01). Our findings suggested that the synergism of plant community and soil elements affected CAR and further regulated EMF under the influences of precipitation and temperature.

Key words: ecosystem multifunctionlity, carbon accumulation rate, alpine grassland, soil organic carbon, Qingzang Plateau

孙建, 王毅, 刘国华. 青藏高原高寒草地地上植物碳积累速率对生态系统多功能性的影响机制. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 496-506. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0180

SUN Jian, WANG Yi, LIU Guo-Hua. Linkages of aboveground plant carbon accumulation rate with ecosystem multifunctionality in alpine grassland, Qingzang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(5): 496-506. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0180

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0180

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I5/496

图/表 6

图1 青藏高原研究区样点示意图(A), 从生长季初始时间(SOS)到生长季高峰时间(POS)的碳积累速率(CAR)定义(B), 生态系统多功能性指数(M)频率分布图(C), 以及CAR频率分布图(D)。

Fig. 1 Sample sites in the study area (A), definition of carbon accumulation rate (CAR): the biomass production of plants from the timing of start of growing season (SOS) to the timing of the peak of growing season (POS)(B), frequency distribution of ecosystem multifunctionality index (M)(C), and frequency distribution of CAR (D).

图2 生态系统多功能性指数(M)(A)和碳积累速率(CAR)(B)与地上生物量(AGB)、地下生物量(BGB)、叶片碳(LC)、叶片氮(LN)、叶片磷(LP)、土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、速效氮(SAN)、速效磷(SAP)、有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)含量和含水量(SWC)的混合效应模型的二元关系(平均值±标准差)。以上除M外, 其余因子均进行归一化标准处理。

Fig. 2 Bivariate plots using linear mixed-effect models depicting the relationships of ecosystem multifunctionality index (M)(A) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR)(B) with ecosystem parameters of aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), leaf carbon (LC), leaf nitrogen (LN), leaf phosphorus (LP), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil available phosphorus (SAP), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil total phosphorus (STP) content and soil water content (SWC)(mean ± SD). Except for EMF, other data were normalized.

图3 生态系统多功能性指数(M)和碳积累速率(CAR)的关系。其中, CAR使用ln变换数据。

Fig. 3 Relationship between ecosystem multifunctionality index (M) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR). CAR is ln-transformed data.

图4 生态系统多功能性指数(M)和碳积累速率(CAR)与关键生态系统参数的关系。其中, 地下生物量(BGB)、有机碳(SOC)、全磷(STP)和土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量使用ln变换数据。阴影部分表示95%的置信区间。

Fig. 4 Relationships between ecosystem multifunctionality index (M), carbon accumulation rate (CAR) and different ecosystem parameters. Belowground biomass (BGB), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total phosphorus (STP) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content are ln-transformed data. The shade part indicates the 95% confidence interval.

图5 年降水量(ATP)和年平均气温(AMT)对生态系统多功能性指数(M)和碳积累速率(CAR)的影响。其中, ATP使用ln变换数据, AMT使用ln (AMT + 12 ℃)变换数据。阴影部分表示95%的置信区间。

Fig. 5 Influence of annual total precipitation (ATP) and annual mean temperature (AMT) to ecosystem multifunctionality index (M) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR). ATP is ln-transformed data and AMT is (AMT + 12 °C) ln-transformed data. The shaded part indicates the 95% confidence interval.

图6 关键因子对生态系统多功能性指数(M)和碳积累速率(CAR)的直接和间接效应。图上表示的均为显著影响的路径(p < 0.05), 实线表示直接效应, 虚线表示间接效应; 黑色箭头表示正效应, 红色箭头表示负效应。AMT, 年平均气温; ATP, 年降水量; BGB, 地下生物量; MBC, 土壤微生物生物量碳含量; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; STP, 土壤全磷含量。

Fig. 6 Direct and indirect impacts of climatic and key factors on ecosystem multifunctionality index (M) and carbon accumulation rate (CAR). Path with significant effect is shown in the figure (p < 0.05), solid line represents direct effect and dotted line represents indirect effect; black arrow indicates positive effect and red arrow indicates negative effect. AMT, annual mean temperature; ATP, annual total precipitation; BGB, belowground biomass; MBC, microbial biomass carbon content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; STP, soil total nitrogen content.

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