植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 221-235.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0243
胡海清1, 陆昕1, 孙龙1,*(
), 曲智林2, 梁宇1, 李海洋1
收稿日期:2015-06-26
修回日期:2015-11-27
出版日期:2016-03-10
发布日期:2016-03-25
通讯作者:
孙龙
基金资助:
Hai-Qing HU1, Xin LU1, Long SUN1,*(), Zhi-Lin QU2, Yu LIANG1, Hai-Yang LI1
Received:2015-06-26
Revised:2015-11-27
Online:2016-03-10
Published:2016-03-25
Contact:
Long SUN
摘要：
以落叶松(Larix gmelinii)叶片、白桦(Betula platyphylla)叶片、落叶松-白桦叶片混合物为例, 初步研究了气温和空气相对湿度对地表细小死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响, 对这3种可燃物在不同气温、不同空气相对湿度条件下(共20个温湿度组合)失水过程中的含水率进行了测定。通过统计软件建立了相应条件下3种类型可燃物含水率时间动态方程, 并利用此方程估算了3种可燃物平衡含水率和时滞, 同时用估算值分别建立了3种可燃物的平衡含水率-气温模型、平衡含水率-湿度模型、时滞-气温模型、时滞-湿度模型等4种模型。并用已知的4个可燃物平衡含水率模型拟合了该研究得到的平衡含水率数据, 其中, 用Van Wanger模型得到的平均绝对误差和均方根误差均不超过0.01, 拟合效果最好; Nelson模型的拟合效果最差。对气温和空气相对湿度对3种可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响的研究结果表明: 气温和空气相对湿度对3种可燃物的平衡含水率和时滞有显著影响, 气温与平衡含水率和时滞呈负相关关系, 而空气相对湿度与二者均呈正相关关系。其中, 时滞-湿度模型高估了可燃物的时滞。该研究具有一定的局限性与不确定性, 在未来的工作中, 应选择在更宽的可燃物类型范围内, 结合更全面的影响因子进行研究。
胡海清, 陆昕, 孙龙, 曲智林, 梁宇, 李海洋. 气温和空气相对湿度对森林地表细小死可燃物平衡含水率和时滞的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(3): 221-235. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0243
Hai-Qing HU, Xin LU, Long SUN, Zhi-Lin QU, Yu LIANG, Hai-Yang LI. Effects of air temperature and relative humidity on equilibrium moisture content and time-lag of forest land surface dead fine fuels. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(3): 221-235. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0243
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 平衡含水率随气温变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 | 20 | y = (0.3933e - 5)x3 - (0.2141e + 3)x2 + 0.7909x + 0.0781 | 0.966 6 |
| Larix gmelinii leaves | 40 | y = -(0.2787e + 4)x3 + 0.0014x2 - 0.0253x + 0.2305 | 0.994 7 |
| 60 | y = (0.3800e - 4)x3 + 00159x2 - 0.0018x + 0.1707 | 0.990 1 | |
| 80 | y = (0.1347e - 4)x3 - (0.7339e + 3)x2 + 0.0026x + 0.3091 | 0.999 9 | |
| 白桦叶片 | 20 | y = - (0.6667e + 6)x3 + (0.8943e - 4)x2 - 0.0055x + 0.1337 | 0.988 9 |
| Betula platyphylla leaves | 40 | y = - (0.5733e + 5)x3 + (0.4414e - 4)x2 - 0.0145x + 0.2243 | 0.993 9 |
| 60 | y = (0.8633e - 4)x3 - 0.0037x2 + 0.0357x + 0.1594 | 0.987 5 | |
| 80 | y = (0.2026e - 4)x3 - 0.0012x2 + 0.0087x + 0.3316 | 0.996 8 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 | 20 | y = (0.7733e - 5)x3 - (0.2829e + 3)x2 - (0.1876e + 3)x + 0.1024 | 0.999 8 |
| Mixture of L. gmelinii | 40 | y = (0.6733e - 5)x3 - (0.1881e + 3)x2 - 0.0046x + 0.1736 | 0.980 7 |
| and B. platyphylla leaves | 60 | y = (0.3513e - 4)x3 - 0.0012x2 + (0.7709e - 3)x + 0.2628 | 0.988 9 |
| 80 | y = (0.1679e - 4)x3 - (0.5594e + 3)x2 - 0.0065x + 0.3746 | 0.999 8 |
表1 不同空气相对湿度下平衡含水率-气温变化方程及决定系数
Table 1 Equations of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) versus air temperature and coefficient of determination under different relative humidity
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 平衡含水率随气温变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 | 20 | y = (0.3933e - 5)x3 - (0.2141e + 3)x2 + 0.7909x + 0.0781 | 0.966 6 |
| Larix gmelinii leaves | 40 | y = -(0.2787e + 4)x3 + 0.0014x2 - 0.0253x + 0.2305 | 0.994 7 |
| 60 | y = (0.3800e - 4)x3 + 00159x2 - 0.0018x + 0.1707 | 0.990 1 | |
| 80 | y = (0.1347e - 4)x3 - (0.7339e + 3)x2 + 0.0026x + 0.3091 | 0.999 9 | |
| 白桦叶片 | 20 | y = - (0.6667e + 6)x3 + (0.8943e - 4)x2 - 0.0055x + 0.1337 | 0.988 9 |
| Betula platyphylla leaves | 40 | y = - (0.5733e + 5)x3 + (0.4414e - 4)x2 - 0.0145x + 0.2243 | 0.993 9 |
| 60 | y = (0.8633e - 4)x3 - 0.0037x2 + 0.0357x + 0.1594 | 0.987 5 | |
| 80 | y = (0.2026e - 4)x3 - 0.0012x2 + 0.0087x + 0.3316 | 0.996 8 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 | 20 | y = (0.7733e - 5)x3 - (0.2829e + 3)x2 - (0.1876e + 3)x + 0.1024 | 0.999 8 |
| Mixture of L. gmelinii | 40 | y = (0.6733e - 5)x3 - (0.1881e + 3)x2 - 0.0046x + 0.1736 | 0.980 7 |
| and B. platyphylla leaves | 60 | y = (0.3513e - 4)x3 - 0.0012x2 + (0.7709e - 3)x + 0.2628 | 0.988 9 |
| 80 | y = (0.1679e - 4)x3 - (0.5594e + 3)x2 - 0.0065x + 0.3746 | 0.999 8 |
| 气温 Air tempe- rature (℃) | 相对湿度 Relative humi- dity (%) | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 决定 系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 决定 系数 Coefficient of determi- nation (R2) | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 决定 系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 20 | y = 0.0763 + 0.7502exp(-0.0959t) | 0.994 1 | y = 0.1090 + 0.6817exp(-0.0793t) | 0.994 3 | y = 0.0954 + 0.7567exp(-0.0872t) | 0.997 2 |
| 40 | y = 0.1346 + 0.7134exp(-0.0811t) | 0.994 9 | y = 0.1612 + 0.6449exp(-0.0653t) | 0.990 6 | y = 0.1453 + 0.6858exp(-0.0678t) | 0.988 7 | |
| 60 | y = 0.2127 + 0.6171exp(-0.0656t) | 0.996 7 | y = 0.2537 + 0.5559exp(-0.0474t) | 0.989 9 | y = 0.2388 + 0.5515exp(-0.0524t) | 0.984 7 | |
| 80 | y = 0.3056 + 0.5030exp(-0.0454t) | 0.983 6 | y = 0.3493 + 0.4769exp(-0.0357t) | 0.991 8 | y = 0.3304 + 0.5058exp(-0.0416t) | 0.995 3 | |
| 10 | 20 | y = 0.0723 + 0.7777exp(-0.1144t) | 0.996 3 | y = 0.0843 + 0.7230exp(-0.0974t) | 0.997 2 | y = 0.0796 + 0.7726exp(-0.1043t) | 0.995 5 |
| 40 | y = 0.0916 + 0.7293exp(-0.0859t) | 0.990 4 | y = 0.1210 + 0.6995exp(-0.0821t) | 0.998 3 | y = 0.1209 + 0.7302exp(-0.0942t) | 0.997 3 | |
| 60 | y = 0.1854 + 0.6218exp(-0.0673t) | 0.985 9 | y = 0.2403 + 0.5778exp(-0.0631t) | 0.987 4 | y = 0.1916 + 0.6068exp(-0.0645t) | 0.976 2 | |
| 80 | y = 0.2766 + 0.5367exp(-0.0539t) | 0.992 9 | y = 0.3163 + 0.4952exp(-0.0438t) | 0.977 1 | y = 0.2693 + 0.5429exp(-0.0498t) | 0.993 4 | |
| 15 | 20 | y = 0.0495 + 0.7928exp(-0.1567t) | 0.992 2 | y = 0.0731 + 0.7392exp(-0.1262t) | 0.996 9 | y = 0.0625 + 0.7660exp(-0.1227t) | 0.994 2 |
| 40 | y = 0.0667 + 0.7667exp(-0.1246t) | 0.997 1 | y = 0.0815 + 0.7332exp(-0.1139t) | 0.998 1 | y = 0.0766 + 0.7684exp(-0.1098t) | 0.994 6 | |
| 60 | y = 0.1501 + 0.6801exp(-0.1036t) | 0.995 9 | y = 0.1366 + 0.6214exp(-0.0846t) | 0.994 6 | y = 0.1086 + 0.6858exp(-0.0851t) | 0.994 7 | |
| 80 | y = 0.2284 + 0.6192exp(-0.0648t) | 0.996 8 | y = 0.2731 + 0.4999exp(-0.0510t) | 0.990 1 | y = 0.2092 + 0.6259exp(-0.0547t) | 0.994 3 | |
| 20 | 20 | y = 0.0435 + 0.7602exp(-0.2031t) | 0.985 5 | y = 0.0515 + 0.7774exp(-0.1917t) | 0.978 3 | y = 0.0470 + 0.7741exp(-0.1928t) | 0.979 3 |
| 40 | y = 0.0621 + 0.7208exp(-0.1818t) | 0.992 9 | y = 0.0682 + 0.7349exp(-0.1711t) | 0.992 2 | y = 0.0655 + 0.7504exp(-0.1567t) | 0.989 5 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0806 + 0.7157exp(-0.1236t) | 0.994 1 | y = 0.0863 + 0.6989exp(-0.0991t) | 0.996 2 | y = 0.0810 + 0.7189exp(-0.1174t) | 0.998 3 | |
| 80 | y = 0.1774 + 0.6130exp(-0.0760t) | 0.991 2 | y = 0.1927 + 0.6004exp(-0.0691t) | 0.986 3 | y = 0.1539 + 0.6745exp(-0.0695t) | 0.995 8 | |
| 25 | 20 | y = 0.0246 + 0.7845exp(-0.2366t) | 0.981 4 | y = 0.0424 + 0.7462exp(-0.2749t) | 0.976 2 | y = 0.0418 + 0.7459exp(-0.2298t) | 0.997 1 |
| 40 | y = 0.0338 + 0.7880exp(-0.2139t) | 0.993 7 | y = 0.0470 + 0.7328exp(-0.1925t) | 0.993 8 | y = 0.0446 + 0.7779exp(-0.2039t) | 0.982 9 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0601 + 0.7739exp(-0.1612t) | 0.987 5 | y = 0.0752 + 0.7267exp(-0.1389t) | 0.996 9 | y = 0.0703 + 0.7309exp(-0.1257t) | 0.994 8 | |
| 80 | y = 0.1274 + 0.6767exp(-0.1064t) | 0.997 1 | y = 0.1325 + 0.6731exp(-0.1085t) | 0.996 2 | y = 0.1248 + 0.6735exp(-0.0977t) | 0.997 0 |
附表1 不同气温、不同空气相对湿度条件下可燃物含水率动态方程
Appendix table 1 Equations of moisture content dynamics of fuels under different air temperature and relative humidity
| 气温 Air tempe- rature (℃) | 相对湿度 Relative humi- dity (%) | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 决定 系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 决定 系数 Coefficient of determi- nation (R2) | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 决定 系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 20 | y = 0.0763 + 0.7502exp(-0.0959t) | 0.994 1 | y = 0.1090 + 0.6817exp(-0.0793t) | 0.994 3 | y = 0.0954 + 0.7567exp(-0.0872t) | 0.997 2 |
| 40 | y = 0.1346 + 0.7134exp(-0.0811t) | 0.994 9 | y = 0.1612 + 0.6449exp(-0.0653t) | 0.990 6 | y = 0.1453 + 0.6858exp(-0.0678t) | 0.988 7 | |
| 60 | y = 0.2127 + 0.6171exp(-0.0656t) | 0.996 7 | y = 0.2537 + 0.5559exp(-0.0474t) | 0.989 9 | y = 0.2388 + 0.5515exp(-0.0524t) | 0.984 7 | |
| 80 | y = 0.3056 + 0.5030exp(-0.0454t) | 0.983 6 | y = 0.3493 + 0.4769exp(-0.0357t) | 0.991 8 | y = 0.3304 + 0.5058exp(-0.0416t) | 0.995 3 | |
| 10 | 20 | y = 0.0723 + 0.7777exp(-0.1144t) | 0.996 3 | y = 0.0843 + 0.7230exp(-0.0974t) | 0.997 2 | y = 0.0796 + 0.7726exp(-0.1043t) | 0.995 5 |
| 40 | y = 0.0916 + 0.7293exp(-0.0859t) | 0.990 4 | y = 0.1210 + 0.6995exp(-0.0821t) | 0.998 3 | y = 0.1209 + 0.7302exp(-0.0942t) | 0.997 3 | |
| 60 | y = 0.1854 + 0.6218exp(-0.0673t) | 0.985 9 | y = 0.2403 + 0.5778exp(-0.0631t) | 0.987 4 | y = 0.1916 + 0.6068exp(-0.0645t) | 0.976 2 | |
| 80 | y = 0.2766 + 0.5367exp(-0.0539t) | 0.992 9 | y = 0.3163 + 0.4952exp(-0.0438t) | 0.977 1 | y = 0.2693 + 0.5429exp(-0.0498t) | 0.993 4 | |
| 15 | 20 | y = 0.0495 + 0.7928exp(-0.1567t) | 0.992 2 | y = 0.0731 + 0.7392exp(-0.1262t) | 0.996 9 | y = 0.0625 + 0.7660exp(-0.1227t) | 0.994 2 |
| 40 | y = 0.0667 + 0.7667exp(-0.1246t) | 0.997 1 | y = 0.0815 + 0.7332exp(-0.1139t) | 0.998 1 | y = 0.0766 + 0.7684exp(-0.1098t) | 0.994 6 | |
| 60 | y = 0.1501 + 0.6801exp(-0.1036t) | 0.995 9 | y = 0.1366 + 0.6214exp(-0.0846t) | 0.994 6 | y = 0.1086 + 0.6858exp(-0.0851t) | 0.994 7 | |
| 80 | y = 0.2284 + 0.6192exp(-0.0648t) | 0.996 8 | y = 0.2731 + 0.4999exp(-0.0510t) | 0.990 1 | y = 0.2092 + 0.6259exp(-0.0547t) | 0.994 3 | |
| 20 | 20 | y = 0.0435 + 0.7602exp(-0.2031t) | 0.985 5 | y = 0.0515 + 0.7774exp(-0.1917t) | 0.978 3 | y = 0.0470 + 0.7741exp(-0.1928t) | 0.979 3 |
| 40 | y = 0.0621 + 0.7208exp(-0.1818t) | 0.992 9 | y = 0.0682 + 0.7349exp(-0.1711t) | 0.992 2 | y = 0.0655 + 0.7504exp(-0.1567t) | 0.989 5 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0806 + 0.7157exp(-0.1236t) | 0.994 1 | y = 0.0863 + 0.6989exp(-0.0991t) | 0.996 2 | y = 0.0810 + 0.7189exp(-0.1174t) | 0.998 3 | |
| 80 | y = 0.1774 + 0.6130exp(-0.0760t) | 0.991 2 | y = 0.1927 + 0.6004exp(-0.0691t) | 0.986 3 | y = 0.1539 + 0.6745exp(-0.0695t) | 0.995 8 | |
| 25 | 20 | y = 0.0246 + 0.7845exp(-0.2366t) | 0.981 4 | y = 0.0424 + 0.7462exp(-0.2749t) | 0.976 2 | y = 0.0418 + 0.7459exp(-0.2298t) | 0.997 1 |
| 40 | y = 0.0338 + 0.7880exp(-0.2139t) | 0.993 7 | y = 0.0470 + 0.7328exp(-0.1925t) | 0.993 8 | y = 0.0446 + 0.7779exp(-0.2039t) | 0.982 9 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0601 + 0.7739exp(-0.1612t) | 0.987 5 | y = 0.0752 + 0.7267exp(-0.1389t) | 0.996 9 | y = 0.0703 + 0.7309exp(-0.1257t) | 0.994 8 | |
| 80 | y = 0.1274 + 0.6767exp(-0.1064t) | 0.997 1 | y = 0.1325 + 0.6731exp(-0.1085t) | 0.996 2 | y = 0.1248 + 0.6735exp(-0.0977t) | 0.997 0 |
图1 不同类型可燃物含水率在不同气温、不同空气相对湿度条件下的变化曲线。A, 落叶松叶片。B, 白桦叶片。C, 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物。a、b、c、d表示空气相对湿度分别为20%、40%、60%、80%。
Fig. 1 Curves of dynamics of moisture content in different fuels under different air temperature and relative humidity. A, Larix gmelinii leaves. B, Betula platyphylla leaves. C, Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves. a, b, c, and d show relative humidity of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, respectively.
| 气温 Air temperature | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | |
| 5 ℃ | 1.00 | 0.719 | 0.399 | 0.166 | 0.070 | 1.00 | 0.724 | 0.314 | 0.103 | 0.044* | 1.00 | 0.597 | 0.202 | 0.089 | 0.055 |
| 10 ℃ | - | 1.00 | 0.619 | 0.284 | 0.120 | - | 1.00 | 0.511 | 0.089 | 0.120 | - | 1.00 | 0.374 | 0.152 | 0.084 |
| 15 ℃ | - | - | 1.00 | 0.543 | 0.237 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.488 | 0.235 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.525 | 0.296 |
| 20 ℃ | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.466 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.528 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.606 |
| 25 ℃ | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 |
附表2 不同气温条件下, 平衡含水率差异性分析
Appendix table 2 Significance level of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) under different air temperature
| 气温 Air temperature | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | |
| 5 ℃ | 1.00 | 0.719 | 0.399 | 0.166 | 0.070 | 1.00 | 0.724 | 0.314 | 0.103 | 0.044* | 1.00 | 0.597 | 0.202 | 0.089 | 0.055 |
| 10 ℃ | - | 1.00 | 0.619 | 0.284 | 0.120 | - | 1.00 | 0.511 | 0.089 | 0.120 | - | 1.00 | 0.374 | 0.152 | 0.084 |
| 15 ℃ | - | - | 1.00 | 0.543 | 0.237 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.488 | 0.235 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.525 | 0.296 |
| 20 ℃ | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.466 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.528 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.606 |
| 25 ℃ | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 |
图2 平衡含水率-气温模型预测的平衡含水率值和由含水率数据估测的平衡含水率值对比。A, 落叶松叶片。B, 白桦叶片。C, 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物。
Fig. 2 Comparison between equilibrium moisture content (EMC) predicted by EMC-air temperature model and that of measurements. A, Larix gmelinii leaves. B, Betula platyphylla leaves. C, Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves.
| 相对湿度 Relative humidity | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | |
| 20% | 1.00 | 0.269 | 0.026* | 0.001** | 1.00 | 0.343 | 0.060 | 0.002** | 1.00 | 0.263 | 0.068 | 0.004** |
| 40% | - | 1.00 | 0.105 | 0.004** | - | 1.00 | 0.182 | 0.008** | - | 1.00 | 0.245 | 0.016* |
| 60% | - | - | 1.00 | 0.087 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.124 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.150 |
| 80% | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | |||
附表3 不同空气相对湿度条件下, 平衡含水率差异性分析
Appendix table 3 Significance level of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) under different relative humidity
| 相对湿度 Relative humidity | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | |
| 20% | 1.00 | 0.269 | 0.026* | 0.001** | 1.00 | 0.343 | 0.060 | 0.002** | 1.00 | 0.263 | 0.068 | 0.004** |
| 40% | - | 1.00 | 0.105 | 0.004** | - | 1.00 | 0.182 | 0.008** | - | 1.00 | 0.245 | 0.016* |
| 60% | - | - | 1.00 | 0.087 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.124 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.150 |
| 80% | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | |||
| 气温 Air temperature (℃) | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | y = 0.3670x1.5427 + 0.0456 | 0.999 9 | y = 0.3918x1.6392 + 0.0791 | 0.998 3 | y = 0.3843x1.6237 + 0.0649 | 0.997 2 |
| 10 | y = 0.3652x2.2000 + 0.0561 | 0.987 7 | y = 0.3914x1.5672 + 0.0464 | 0.978 2 | y = 0.3092x1.6848 + 0.0579 | 0.999 0 |
| 15 | y = 0.3182x2.1564 + 0.3458 | 0.986 6 | y = 0.4901x3.9617 + 0.0708 | 0.999 7 | y = 0.3526x3.9870 + 0.0641 | 0.998 6 |
| 20 | y = 0.3536x4.5456 + 0.0487 | 0.990 6 | y = 0.4191x5.0574 + 0.0568 | 0.992 8 | y = 0.2442x3.9114 + 0.5126 | 0.986 4 |
| 25 | y = 0.2315x3.6433 + 0.0245 | 0.999 7 | y = 0.2010x3.5001 + 0.0406 | 0.999 0 | y = 0.1941x3.7051 + 0.0401 | 0.998 6 |
表2 不同气温下, 平衡含水率-湿度变化方程及决定系数
Table 2 Equations of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) versus relative humidity and coefficient of determination under different air temperature
| 气温 Air temperature (℃) | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | y = 0.3670x1.5427 + 0.0456 | 0.999 9 | y = 0.3918x1.6392 + 0.0791 | 0.998 3 | y = 0.3843x1.6237 + 0.0649 | 0.997 2 |
| 10 | y = 0.3652x2.2000 + 0.0561 | 0.987 7 | y = 0.3914x1.5672 + 0.0464 | 0.978 2 | y = 0.3092x1.6848 + 0.0579 | 0.999 0 |
| 15 | y = 0.3182x2.1564 + 0.3458 | 0.986 6 | y = 0.4901x3.9617 + 0.0708 | 0.999 7 | y = 0.3526x3.9870 + 0.0641 | 0.998 6 |
| 20 | y = 0.3536x4.5456 + 0.0487 | 0.990 6 | y = 0.4191x5.0574 + 0.0568 | 0.992 8 | y = 0.2442x3.9114 + 0.5126 | 0.986 4 |
| 25 | y = 0.2315x3.6433 + 0.0245 | 0.999 7 | y = 0.2010x3.5001 + 0.0406 | 0.999 0 | y = 0.1941x3.7051 + 0.0401 | 0.998 6 |
图3 平衡含水率-湿度模型预测的平衡含水率值和由含水率数据估测的平衡含水率值对比。A, 落叶松叶片。B, 白桦叶片。C, 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物。
Fig. 3 Comparison between equilibrium moisture content (EMC) predicted by EMC-relative humidity model and that of measurements. A, Larix gmelinii leaves. B, Betula platyphylla leaves. C, Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves.
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化的方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 10 < H < 50 | E = 1.075569 + 0.1226H - 0.003633T | 0.895 3 |
| H ≥ 50 | E = 0.76452 - 1.37034H + 1.838824H2 - 0.01221HT | 0.982 1 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 10 < H < 50 | E = 1.336947 + 0.1186H - 0.004472T | 0.913 6 |
| H ≥ 50 | E = 0.940213 - 1.70177H + 2.218485H2 - 0.015047HT | 0.956 1 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 10 < H < 50 | E = 1.182743 + 0.1266H - 0.003966T | 0.906 1 |
| H ≥ 5 | E = 0.871213 - 1.53921H + 2.024026H2 - 0.013797HT | 0.965 3 |
表3 Simard平衡含水率模型
Table 3 Simard equilibrium moisture content (EMC) model
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化的方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 10 < H < 50 | E = 1.075569 + 0.1226H - 0.003633T | 0.895 3 |
| H ≥ 50 | E = 0.76452 - 1.37034H + 1.838824H2 - 0.01221HT | 0.982 1 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 10 < H < 50 | E = 1.336947 + 0.1186H - 0.004472T | 0.913 6 |
| H ≥ 50 | E = 0.940213 - 1.70177H + 2.218485H2 - 0.015047HT | 0.956 1 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 10 < H < 50 | E = 1.182743 + 0.1266H - 0.003966T | 0.906 1 |
| H ≥ 5 | E = 0.871213 - 1.53921H + 2.024026H2 - 0.013797HT | 0.965 3 |
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | Ed = -44.9323H0.001095 + 44.86805e0.073957H + 0.147607(33.97835 - T)(1 - e-0.08471H) | 0.988 8 |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | Ed = -26.3152H-0.00478 + 26.71372e0.137453H + 0.062646(12.75931 + T)(1 - e-0.258312H) | 0.975 1 |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | Ed = -18.9629H-0.00775 + 19.39976e0.171261H + 0.065635(5.407862 + T)(1 - e-0.223153H) | 0.978 8 |
表4 Van Wanger平衡含水率模型
>Table 4 Van Wanger equilibrium moisture content (EMC) model
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | Ed = -44.9323H0.001095 + 44.86805e0.073957H + 0.147607(33.97835 - T)(1 - e-0.08471H) | 0.988 8 |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | Ed = -26.3152H-0.00478 + 26.71372e0.137453H + 0.062646(12.75931 + T)(1 - e-0.258312H) | 0.975 1 |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | Ed = -18.9629H-0.00775 + 19.39976e0.171261H + 0.065635(5.407862 + T)(1 - e-0.223153H) | 0.978 8 |
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | Ed = 1.31779H-0.051049 + 0.329983e0.866517H + 0.006145(0.117326 - T) | 0.938 7 |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | Ed = 0.757326H1.462077 + 2.306681e-0.23901H - 0.007577(2.06381 + T) | 0.917 8 |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | Ed = 1.971964H-0.00503 + 0.33744e2.343505H - 0.006854(0.244327 + T) | 0.906 8 |
表5 Anderson平衡含水率模型
Table 5 Anderson equilibrium moisture content (EMC) model
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | Ed = 1.31779H-0.051049 + 0.329983e0.866517H + 0.006145(0.117326 - T) | 0.938 7 |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | Ed = 0.757326H1.462077 + 2.306681e-0.23901H - 0.007577(2.06381 + T) | 0.917 8 |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | Ed = 1.971964H-0.00503 + 0.33744e2.343505H - 0.006854(0.244327 + T) | 0.906 8 |
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | E = 0.217687 - 0.000873(-8.314T/18LogH) | 0.557 9 |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | E = 0.245242 - 0.000926(-8.314T/18LogH) | 0.488 7 |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | E = 0.197390 - 0.012316(-8.314T/18LogH) | 0.553 5 |
表6 Nelson平衡含水率模型
Table 6 Nelson equilibrium moisture content (EMC) model
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 平衡含水率随气温、相对湿度变化方程 Equations of EMC versus air temperature and relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | E = 0.217687 - 0.000873(-8.314T/18LogH) | 0.557 9 |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | E = 0.245242 - 0.000926(-8.314T/18LogH) | 0.488 7 |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | E = 0.197390 - 0.012316(-8.314T/18LogH) | 0.553 5 |
4种模型拟合3种细小可燃物平衡含水率的3种误差的分布。A, 落叶松叶片; B, 白桦叶片; C, 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物。
Fig. 4 Distributions of errors in modeled equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of fine fuels. A, Larix gmelinii leaves. B, Betula platyphylla leaves. C, Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves. MAE, mean absolute error; MRE, mean relative error; RMSE, root mean square error.
| 气温 Air temperature | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | |
| 5 ℃ | 1.00 | 0.653 | 0.161 | 0.066 | 0.019* | 1.00 | 0.401 | 0.146 | 0.042* | 0.012* | 1.00 | 0.439 | 0.172 | 0.043* | 0.014* |
| 10 ℃ | - | 1.00 | 0.262 | 0.098 | 0.023* | - | 1.00 | 0.429 | 0.119 | 0.025* | - | 1.00 | 0.498 | 0.131 | 0.041* |
| 15 ℃ | - | - | 1.00 | 0.500 | 0.153 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.396 | 0.098 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.336 | 0.112 |
| 20 ℃ | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.449 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.334 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.502 |
| 25 ℃ | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 |
不同气温条件下, 时滞差异性分析
Appendix table 4 Significance level of time-lag under different air temperature
| 气温 Air temperature | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | 5 ℃ | 10 ℃ | 15 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 25 ℃ | |
| 5 ℃ | 1.00 | 0.653 | 0.161 | 0.066 | 0.019* | 1.00 | 0.401 | 0.146 | 0.042* | 0.012* | 1.00 | 0.439 | 0.172 | 0.043* | 0.014* |
| 10 ℃ | - | 1.00 | 0.262 | 0.098 | 0.023* | - | 1.00 | 0.429 | 0.119 | 0.025* | - | 1.00 | 0.498 | 0.131 | 0.041* |
| 15 ℃ | - | - | 1.00 | 0.500 | 0.153 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.396 | 0.098 | - | - | 1.00 | 0.336 | 0.112 |
| 20 ℃ | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.449 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.334 | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.502 |
| 25 ℃ | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | - | 1.00 |
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 气温 Air temperature (℃) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | ||
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 20 | 10.43 | 8.74 | 6.38 | 4.92 | 4.23 |
| 40 | 12.33 | 11.64 | 8.03 | 5.50 | 4.68 | |
| 60 | 15.24 | 14.86 | 9.65 | 8.09 | 6.20 | |
| 80 | 22.03 | 18.55 | 15.43 | 13.16 | 9.40 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 20 | 12.61 | 10.27 | 7.92 | 5.22 | 3.64 |
| 40 | 15.31 | 12.18 | 8.78 | 5.84 | 5.19 | |
| 60 | 21.10 | 15.85 | 11.82 | 10.09 | 7.20 | |
| 80 | 28.01 | 22.83 | 19.59 | 14.47 | 9.22 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 20 | 11.47 | 9.59 | 8.15 | 5.19 | 4.35 |
| 40 | 14.75 | 10.62 | 9.11 | 6.38 | 4.90 | |
| 60 | 19.08 | 15.50 | 11.75 | 8.52 | 7.96 | |
| 80 | 24.04 | 20.08 | 18.28 | 14.39 | 10.24 | |
表7 不同气温、不同空气相对湿度条件下可燃物时滞(h)
Table 7 Time-lag of fuels under different air temperature and relative humidity (h)
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 气温 Air temperature (℃) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | ||
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 20 | 10.43 | 8.74 | 6.38 | 4.92 | 4.23 |
| 40 | 12.33 | 11.64 | 8.03 | 5.50 | 4.68 | |
| 60 | 15.24 | 14.86 | 9.65 | 8.09 | 6.20 | |
| 80 | 22.03 | 18.55 | 15.43 | 13.16 | 9.40 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 20 | 12.61 | 10.27 | 7.92 | 5.22 | 3.64 |
| 40 | 15.31 | 12.18 | 8.78 | 5.84 | 5.19 | |
| 60 | 21.10 | 15.85 | 11.82 | 10.09 | 7.20 | |
| 80 | 28.01 | 22.83 | 19.59 | 14.47 | 9.22 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 20 | 11.47 | 9.59 | 8.15 | 5.19 | 4.35 |
| 40 | 14.75 | 10.62 | 9.11 | 6.38 | 4.90 | |
| 60 | 19.08 | 15.50 | 11.75 | 8.52 | 7.96 | |
| 80 | 24.04 | 20.08 | 18.28 | 14.39 | 10.24 | |
| 相对湿度 Relative humidity | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | |
| 20% | 1.00 | 0.463 | 0.111 | 0.007** | 1.00 | 0.560 | 0.108 | 0.017* | 1.00 | 0.538 | 0.086 | 0.007** |
| 40% | - | 1.00 | 0.350 | 0.121 | - | 1.00 | 0.259 | 0.204 | - | 1.00 | 0.228 | 0.195 |
| 60% | - | - | 1.00 | 0.026* | - | - | 1.00 | 0.038* | - | - | 1.00 | 0.023* |
| 80% | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 |
不同空气相对湿度条件下, 时滞差异性分析
Appendix table 5 Significance level of time-lag under different relative humidity
| 相对湿度 Relative humidity | 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | |
| 20% | 1.00 | 0.463 | 0.111 | 0.007** | 1.00 | 0.560 | 0.108 | 0.017* | 1.00 | 0.538 | 0.086 | 0.007** |
| 40% | - | 1.00 | 0.350 | 0.121 | - | 1.00 | 0.259 | 0.204 | - | 1.00 | 0.228 | 0.195 |
| 60% | - | - | 1.00 | 0.026* | - | - | 1.00 | 0.038* | - | - | 1.00 | 0.023* |
| 80% | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - | - | 1.00 |
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 空气相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 时滞随气温变化方程 Equations of time-lag versus air temperature | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 20 | y = (0.9600e - 3)x3 - 0.0349x2 - 0.0066x + 11.2399 | 0.998 5 |
| 40 | y = 0.0031x3 - 0.1365x2 + 1.3218x + 8.7975 | 0.996 6 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0029x3 - 0.1332x2 + 1.2189x + 12.2780 | 0.966 4 | |
| 80 | y = -0.0012x3 + 0.0561x2 - 1.3631x + 27.6359 | 0.995 6 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 20 | y = (0.7533e - 3)x3 - 0.0306x2 - 0.1156x + 13.8320 | 0.999 1 |
| 40 | y = 0.0017x3 - 0.0613x2 + 0.0108x + 16.5599 | 0.999 8 | |
| 60 | y = -0.0016x3 + 0.0915x2 - 2.2090x + 30.1219 | 0.997 5 | |
| 80 | y = -0.0014x3 + 0.5634x2 - 1.5598x + 34.4934 | 0.997 9 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 20 | y = 0.0011x3 - 0.0488x2 + 0.2400x + 11.2699 | 0.987 4 |
| 40 | y = -(0.9133e + 3)x3 + 0.0528x2 - 1.3674x + 20.2920 | 0.990 4 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0036x3 - 0.1468x2 + 1.0602x + 17.0516 | 0.998 0 | |
| 80 | y = -0.0016x3 + 0.0656x2 - 1.4069x + 329.5488 | 0.995 3 |
Table 8 Equations of time-lag versus temperature and coefficient of determination under different relative humidity
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 空气相对湿度 Relative humidity (%) | 时滞随气温变化方程 Equations of time-lag versus air temperature | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 20 | y = (0.9600e - 3)x3 - 0.0349x2 - 0.0066x + 11.2399 | 0.998 5 |
| 40 | y = 0.0031x3 - 0.1365x2 + 1.3218x + 8.7975 | 0.996 6 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0029x3 - 0.1332x2 + 1.2189x + 12.2780 | 0.966 4 | |
| 80 | y = -0.0012x3 + 0.0561x2 - 1.3631x + 27.6359 | 0.995 6 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 20 | y = (0.7533e - 3)x3 - 0.0306x2 - 0.1156x + 13.8320 | 0.999 1 |
| 40 | y = 0.0017x3 - 0.0613x2 + 0.0108x + 16.5599 | 0.999 8 | |
| 60 | y = -0.0016x3 + 0.0915x2 - 2.2090x + 30.1219 | 0.997 5 | |
| 80 | y = -0.0014x3 + 0.5634x2 - 1.5598x + 34.4934 | 0.997 9 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 20 | y = 0.0011x3 - 0.0488x2 + 0.2400x + 11.2699 | 0.987 4 |
| 40 | y = -(0.9133e + 3)x3 + 0.0528x2 - 1.3674x + 20.2920 | 0.990 4 | |
| 60 | y = 0.0036x3 - 0.1468x2 + 1.0602x + 17.0516 | 0.998 0 | |
| 80 | y = -0.0016x3 + 0.0656x2 - 1.4069x + 329.5488 | 0.995 3 |
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 气温 Air temperature (℃) | 时滞随相对湿度变化方程 Equations of time-lag versus relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 5 | y = 7.5029lnx + 21.1219 | 0.787 6 |
| 10 | y = 6.8015lnx + 18.9909 | 0.937 7 | |
| 15 | y = 5.7026lnx + 14.5197 | 0.757 8 | |
| 20 | y = 5.3324lnx + 12.2630 | 0.728 1 | |
| 25 | y = 3.3324lnx + 8.84310 | 0.733 7 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 5 | y = 10.5346lnx + 27.423 | 0.860 8 |
| 10 | y = 8.2426lnx + 21.9998 | 0.800 2 | |
| 15 | y = 7.3834lnx + 18.0445 | 0.698 1 | |
| 20 | y = 6.3568lnx + 14.0853 | 0.791 6 | |
| 25 | y = 3.8974lnx + 9.48770 | 0.934 5 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 5 | y = 8.6887lnx + 24.4157 | 0.918 8 |
| 10 | y = 7.6462lnx + 20.4986 | 0.841 9 | |
| 15 | y = 6.4491lnx + 12.0780 | 0.720 9 | |
| 20 | y = 5.8443lnx + 13.3826 | 0.739 4 | |
| 25 | y = 4.1722lnx + 10.2602 | 0.830 1 |
表9 不同气温下, 时滞-湿度变化方程及决定系数
Table 9 Equations of time-lag versus relative humidity and coefficient of determination under different temperature
| 可燃物类型 Fuel type | 气温 Air temperature (℃) | 时滞随相对湿度变化方程 Equations of time-lag versus relative humidity | 决定系数 Coefficient of determination (R2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 落叶松叶片 Larix gmelinii leaves | 5 | y = 7.5029lnx + 21.1219 | 0.787 6 |
| 10 | y = 6.8015lnx + 18.9909 | 0.937 7 | |
| 15 | y = 5.7026lnx + 14.5197 | 0.757 8 | |
| 20 | y = 5.3324lnx + 12.2630 | 0.728 1 | |
| 25 | y = 3.3324lnx + 8.84310 | 0.733 7 | |
| 白桦叶片 Betula platyphylla leaves | 5 | y = 10.5346lnx + 27.423 | 0.860 8 |
| 10 | y = 8.2426lnx + 21.9998 | 0.800 2 | |
| 15 | y = 7.3834lnx + 18.0445 | 0.698 1 | |
| 20 | y = 6.3568lnx + 14.0853 | 0.791 6 | |
| 25 | y = 3.8974lnx + 9.48770 | 0.934 5 | |
| 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物 Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves | 5 | y = 8.6887lnx + 24.4157 | 0.918 8 |
| 10 | y = 7.6462lnx + 20.4986 | 0.841 9 | |
| 15 | y = 6.4491lnx + 12.0780 | 0.720 9 | |
| 20 | y = 5.8443lnx + 13.3826 | 0.739 4 | |
| 25 | y = 4.1722lnx + 10.2602 | 0.830 1 |
图5 时滞-气温模型预测的时滞值和由含水率数据估测的时滞值对比。A, 落叶松叶片; B, 白桦叶片; C, 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物。
Fig. 5 Comparison between fuel time-lag predicted by time-lag-air-temperature model and that of measurements. A, Larix gmelinii leaves. B, Betula platyphylla leaves. C, Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves.
图6 时滞-湿度模型预测的时滞值和由含水率数据估测的时滞值对比。A, 落叶松叶片。B, 白桦叶片。C, 落叶松-白桦叶片混合物。
Fig. 6 Comparison between fuel time-lag predicted by time-lag-relative humidity model and that of measurements. A, Larix gmelinii leaves. B, Betula platyphylla leaves. C, Mixture of L. gmelinii and B. platyphylla leaves.
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