林下药用植物淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0350

植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 639-649.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0350

所属专题：凋落物

林下药用植物淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响

卢玉鹏¹, 许纪元², 张晓曦², 王博雅³, 谢博³, 刘增文^3,^4,^*()

¹西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
²西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
³西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
⁴农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2017-04-05 接受日期:2016-11-23 出版日期:2017-06-10 发布日期:2017-07-19
通讯作者: 刘增文
作者简介:* 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail:sunzhiqiang1956@sina.com)
基金资助:
——————————基金项目国家自然科学基金(30471376)

Effects of leachate from understory medicinal plants on litter decomposition and soil enzyme activities of Betula albo-sinensis and Eucommia ulmoides

Yu-Peng LU¹, Ji-Yuan XU², Xiao-Xi ZHANG², Bo-Ya WANG³, Bo XIE³, Zeng-Wen LIU^3,^4,^*()

¹College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;

²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;

³College of Natural Resources and Environment , Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
and
⁴Key Laboratory for Agricultural Resources and Environmental Remediation in Loess Plateau of Agriculture Ministry of China, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Received:2017-04-05 Accepted:2016-11-23 Online:2017-06-10 Published:2017-07-19
Contact: Zeng-Wen LIU
About author:KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: kangjingyao_nj@163.com。

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林木枯落物的分解是影响养分循环和生态系统稳定的重要因素, 林药复合系统中药用植物淋出物中富含植物次生代谢物(PSM), 可能会对林木枯落物分解和土壤酶活性产生抑制作用, 检验该现象是否存在是选择林下药用植物的重要依据。该文以秦岭山区典型红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)和杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)林及地丁草(Corydalis bungeana)、薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx)、蕺菜(又名鱼腥草) (Houttuynia cordata)、荆芥(Nepeta cataria)、绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)和夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris) 6种常见林下药用植物为对象, 通过以药用植物茎叶淋出物(水浸提液)定期多次喷浇林木枯落物及土壤的分解试验, 研究了药用植物淋出物对林木枯落物分解、养分(C、N和P)释放和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明: 对于红桦枯落物,蕺菜淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了76%和4.3倍, 并抑制了C和N的释放, 绞股蓝淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了35%和2.7倍, 并抑制了C、N和P的释放, 两种处理均抑制了7种土壤酶(蔗糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、β-葡糖苷酶、脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶)活性; 对于杜仲枯落物, 蕺菜淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了1.7倍和4.2倍, 绞股蓝淋出物处理后半衰期和周转期分别延长了1倍和9倍, 两种处理均抑制了C、N和P的释放以及7种土壤酶活性。由此可见, 蕺菜、绞股蓝茎叶淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物的分解速率、养分释放以及多种土壤酶活性均有显著抑制作用。因此, 建议在红桦和杜仲林下应尽量避免种植蕺菜和绞股蓝, 或者通过降低套种密度来减轻影响。

关键词: 林药复合, 植物次生代谢物, 枯落物分解, 养分释放, 土壤酶活性

Abstract:

Aims Forest litter decomposition is an important factor affecting nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. In a complex system with forest and understory medicinal plants, leachate from the medicinal plants enriched in plant secondary metabolites (PSM) may inhibit litter decomposition and soil enzyme activity of forest trees. Thus, inspection on whether or not this phenomenon exits is one important basis for selecting understory medicinal plants.Methods In this paper, typical forest species Betula albo-sinensis and Eucommia ulmoides and six species of common medicinal plants (Corydalis bungeana, Mentha haplocalyx, Houttuynia cordata, Nepeta cataria, Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Prunella vulgaris) in Qinling Mountains area were taken as objects, and the litter decomposition experiment was carried out. The leachate (water-extraction solution) from the stems and leaves of the medicinal materials were sprayed onto the litter in order to study the effects of leachate from understory plants on forests litter decomposition, nutrient release (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and soil enzyme activity.Important findings For litter of B. albo-sinensis, the decomposition half-life and the turnover period were extended by 76% and 4.3 times, respectively, under H. cordata leachate treatment and the inhibitory effects on the release of carbon and nitrogen were also significant. While under G. pentaphyllum leachate treatment, the half-life of litter decomposition and turnover period were extended by 35% and 2.7 times, respectively, and the inhibitory effects on the release of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were all significant. The leachate from these two species of medicinal plants displayed significant inhibitory effects on seven kinds of soil enzymes (invertase, carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, protease and phosphatase) activity. For litter of E. ulmoides, the decomposition half-life and the turnover period were extended by 1.7 times and 4.2 times respectively, under H. cordata leachate treatment; while they were extended by 1 times and 9 times respectively, under G. pentaphyllum leachate treatment. The leachate from these two species of medicinal plants displayed significant inhibitory effects on the release of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from litter decomposition and the activities of all seven kinds of soil enzymes. Therefore, results suggested that H. cordata and G. pentaphyllum should not be planted under B. albo-sinensis and E. ulmoides forests, or the interplanting density must be low to reduce the inhibitory effects of litter decomposition.

Key words: compound system of forest-medicinal, plant secondary metabolites, litter decomposition, nutrients release, soil enzyme activity

卢玉鹏, 许纪元, 张晓曦, 王博雅, 谢博, 刘增文. 林下药用植物淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(6): 639-649. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0350

Yu-Peng LU, Ji-Yuan XU, Xiao-Xi ZHANG, Bo-Ya WANG, Bo XIE, Zeng-Wen LIU. Effects of leachate from understory medicinal plants on litter decomposition and soil enzyme activities of Betula albo-sinensis and Eucommia ulmoides. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(6): 639-649. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0350

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0350

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I6/639

图/表 6

参考文献 32

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枯落物来源 Litter source	C (mg·g^-1)	N (mg·g^-1)	P (mg·g^-1)	C/N	C/P	N/P
红桦 B. albo-sinensis	407.69 ± 8.43^a	20.35 ± 0.87^a	8.61 ± 0.12^a	20.03	47.35	2.36
杜仲 E. ulmoides	408.65 ± 4.25^a	15.52 ± 0.69^b	6.90 ± 0.15^b	26.34	59.19	2.25

枯落物来源 Litter source	C (mg·g^-1)	N (mg·g^-1)	P (mg·g^-1)	C/N	C/P	N/P
红桦 B. albo-sinensis	407.69 ± 8.43^a	20.35 ± 0.87^a	8.61 ± 0.12^a	20.03	47.35	2.36
杜仲 E. ulmoides	408.65 ± 4.25^a	15.52 ± 0.69^b	6.90 ± 0.15^b	26.34	59.19	2.25

枯落物 Litters	药用植物 Medicinal plants	枯落物分解模型 Model of litter decomposition	R²	T_0.95 (a)	T_0.50 (a)
红桦 B. albo-sinensis	地丁草 Corydalis bungeana	R = 0.3194e^-7.2672^t + 0.6801e^-0.2996^t	0.965β9	8.712β3^bc	1.028β0^a
	薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx	R = 0.2870e^-12.9332^t + 0.7200e^-0.4001^t	0.961β3	6.666β4^bc	0.911β4^a
	蕺菜 Houttuynia cordata	R = 0.4209e^-9.7308^t + 0.5834e^-0.1114^t	0.935β1	22.054β3^a	1.384β8^a
	荆芥 Nepeta cataria	R = 0.2370e^-11.4407^t + 0.7674e^-0.3988^t	0.952β7	6.848β0^bc	1.074β2^a
	绞股蓝 Gynostemma pentaphyllum	R = 0.4270e^-7.2586^t + 0.5936e^-0.1614^t	0.937β9	15.329β5^b	1.065β5^a
	夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris	R = 0.1490e^-13.7989^t + 0.8500e^-0.564^t	0.963β3	5.023β4^bc	0.940β8^a
	CK	R = 0.1411e^-301.3496^t + 0.8589e^-0.6864^t	0.849β9	4.142β8^c	0.788β2^b
杜仲 E. ulmoides	地丁草 Corydalis bungeana	R = 0.1973e^-558.9289^t + 0.8027e^-0.8954^t	0.911β5	3.100β2^c	0.528β7^b
	薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx	R = 0.1339e^-75.016^t + 0.8661e^-1.2611^t	0.960β3	2.261β5^c	0.435β6^b
	蕺菜 Houttuynia cordata	R = 0.3395e^-14.7065^t + 0.6613e^-0.2285^t	0.950β1	11.300β6^b	1.223β6^a
	荆芥 Nepeta cataria	R = 0.1409e^-14184.4866^t + 0.8591e^-1.3367^t	0.949β7	2.127β5^c	0.404β9^b
	绞股蓝 Gynostemma pentaphyllum	R = 0.4582e^-9.5318^t + 0.5494e^-0.1114^t	0.953β8	21.515β3^a	0.848β3^a
	夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris	R = 0.1463e^-24.2668^t + 0.8542e^-1.3354^t	0.961β7	2.125β3^c	0.401β1^b
	CK	R = 0.1156e^-53.1005^t + 0.8844e^-1.3324^t	0.962β7	2.156β2^c	0.428β0^b

枯落物 Litters	药用植物 Medicinal plants	枯落物分解模型 Model of litter decomposition	R²	T_0.95 (a)	T_0.50 (a)
红桦 B. albo-sinensis	地丁草 Corydalis bungeana	R = 0.3194e^-7.2672^t + 0.6801e^-0.2996^t	0.965β9	8.712β3^bc	1.028β0^a
	薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx	R = 0.2870e^-12.9332^t + 0.7200e^-0.4001^t	0.961β3	6.666β4^bc	0.911β4^a
	蕺菜 Houttuynia cordata	R = 0.4209e^-9.7308^t + 0.5834e^-0.1114^t	0.935β1	22.054β3^a	1.384β8^a
	荆芥 Nepeta cataria	R = 0.2370e^-11.4407^t + 0.7674e^-0.3988^t	0.952β7	6.848β0^bc	1.074β2^a
	绞股蓝 Gynostemma pentaphyllum	R = 0.4270e^-7.2586^t + 0.5936e^-0.1614^t	0.937β9	15.329β5^b	1.065β5^a
	夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris	R = 0.1490e^-13.7989^t + 0.8500e^-0.564^t	0.963β3	5.023β4^bc	0.940β8^a
	CK	R = 0.1411e^-301.3496^t + 0.8589e^-0.6864^t	0.849β9	4.142β8^c	0.788β2^b
杜仲 E. ulmoides	地丁草 Corydalis bungeana	R = 0.1973e^-558.9289^t + 0.8027e^-0.8954^t	0.911β5	3.100β2^c	0.528β7^b
	薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx	R = 0.1339e^-75.016^t + 0.8661e^-1.2611^t	0.960β3	2.261β5^c	0.435β6^b
	蕺菜 Houttuynia cordata	R = 0.3395e^-14.7065^t + 0.6613e^-0.2285^t	0.950β1	11.300β6^b	1.223β6^a
	荆芥 Nepeta cataria	R = 0.1409e^-14184.4866^t + 0.8591e^-1.3367^t	0.949β7	2.127β5^c	0.404β9^b
	绞股蓝 Gynostemma pentaphyllum	R = 0.4582e^-9.5318^t + 0.5494e^-0.1114^t	0.953β8	21.515β3^a	0.848β3^a
	夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris	R = 0.1463e^-24.2668^t + 0.8542e^-1.3354^t	0.961β7	2.125β3^c	0.401β1^b
	CK	R = 0.1156e^-53.1005^t + 0.8844e^-1.3324^t	0.962β7	2.156β2^c	0.428β0^b

药材植物 Medicinal plants	化学物质 Chemicals
地丁草 Corydalis bungeana	邻苯二甲酸正丁异辛酯, 叶绿醇, 1,2-环氧十八烷, β-谷甾醇, (Z)-9-十六碳烯醛 Octyl butyl phthalate, Phytol, 1,2-Epoxyoctadecan-e, β-Sitosterol, (Z)-9-Hexadecena
薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx	薄荷醇, 香芹酮, (1S)-(+)-10-樟脑磺哑嗪, 石竹素, 新癸酸, 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯, 绿花白千层醇, 穿心莲内酯, 喇叭茶醇, 维生素 A 醋酸酯 Menthol, DL-carvone, (1S)-(+)-(Camphorylsulfonyl)oxaziridine, Caryophylene oxide, Neodecanoic acid, Dibutyl phthalate, Himbaccol, Andrographolide,Palustrol, Retinyl acetate
蕺菜 Houttuynia cordata	邻苯二甲酸二丁酯, 正三十六烷, 溴代三十烷, 癸醚, 1-氯二十二烷, 正三十五烷 Dibutyl phthalate, Hexatriacontane, 1-Bromotriaco-ntane, 1-(Decyloxy)decane, 1-Chlorodocosane, N-pentatriacontane
荆芥 Nepeta cataria	薄荷酮, 胡薄荷酮, 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯, β-谷甾醇, 正二十一烷, 辛酸异辛酯, 棕榈酸, 邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯, 十四酸十四酯 Menthone, P-menthone, Dibutyl phthalate, β-Sitosterol, N-heneicosane, 2-Ethylhexyl octanoate, Palmitic acid, Diisoctyl phthalate, Myristyl myristate
绞股蓝 Gynostemma pentaphyllum	叶绿醇, 十五醛, 十二烯基丁二酸酐, 胆固醇, 油醇, 角鲨烯, 棕榈酸, 十五烷酸, 油酸酰胺, 环鸦片甾烯醇, 二十酸, 二十七烷醇, 生育酚, 亚麻酸甲酯, β-谷甾醇 Phytol, Pentadecanal, Dodeceny succinicanhydride,Cholesterol, Oleyl alcohol, Squalene, Palmitic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, Oleamide, Cyclolaudenol, Eicosanoic acid, Heptacosanol, Tocopherol, Methyl linolenate, β-Sitosterol
夏枯草 Prunella vulgaris	邻苯二甲酸二丁酯, 环阿屯醇, 环鸦片甾烯醇, 环桉树醇, 叶绿醇, 十五醛, 角鲨烯, β-谷甾醇, β-扶桑甾醇氧化物, 油醇, (Z)-9-十六碳烯醛, 二十七烷醇 Dibutyl phthalate, Cycloartenol, Cyclolaudenol, Cycloeucalenol, Phytol, Pentadecanal, Squalene, β-Sitosterol, β-Sitostenone, Oleyl alcohol, (Z)-9-Hexa-decena, Heptacosanol

林下药用植物淋出物对红桦和杜仲枯落物分解及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of leachate from understory medicinal plants on litter decomposition and soil enzyme activities of Betula albo-sinensis and Eucommia ulmoides

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