不同水平氮添加对盐渍化草地土壤微生物特征的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0072

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 780-789.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0072 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2021.0072

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态化学计量；微生物生态学；草原与草业

不同水平氮添加对盐渍化草地土壤微生物特征的影响

杨建强¹, 刁华杰²^,³^,⁴, 胡姝娅⁴, 王常慧²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹山西农业大学生命科学学院, 山西太谷 030801
²山西农业大学草业学院, 山西太谷 030801
³山西右玉黄土高原草地生态系统定位观测研究站, 山西右玉 037200
⁴中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2021-03-04 接受日期:2021-04-22 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-10-22
作者简介:* wangch@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31770526);国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0604802);山西省博士毕业生、博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXBYKY2021052)

Effects of nitrogen addition at different levels on soil microorganisms in saline-alkaline grassland of northern China

YANG Jian-Qiang¹, DIAO Hua-Jie²^,³^,⁴, HU Shu-Ya⁴, WANG Chang-Hui²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

¹College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
²College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
³Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Youyu, Shanxi 037200, China
⁴State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100093, China

Received:2021-03-04 Accepted:2021-04-22 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-10-22
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770526);National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0604802);Research Projects of Shanxi Province’s Doctoral Graduates and Postdoctoral Researchers Working in Shanxi Province(SXBYKY2021052)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮是陆地生态系统生产力的主要限制性因素, 土壤微生物是土壤氮转化的主要驱动因子, 随着大气氮沉降的增加, 盐渍化草地土壤微生物对不同水平氮输入的响应尚不清晰。在山西右玉黄土高原草地生态系统定位观测研究站不同水平氮添加平台(0、1、2、4、8、16、24和32 g·m^-2·a^-1), 在实验处理的第4年(2020年)测定生长季(5-9月)氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)丰度, 土壤真菌和细菌组成, 以及土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量, 探讨土壤微生物特征对不同氮输入水平的响应机制。研究表明: (1)在2020年生长季的5-9月, 由于土壤温度和水分的差异, 取样日期显著影响氨氧化微生物、细菌和真菌的数量及MBC、MBN含量。(2)氮添加仅显著影响AOB丰度, 对MBC、MBN含量及细菌和真菌丰度的影响均不显著。(3)氮添加对AOB丰度的影响与取样日期有关, 在生长季早期和高峰期(5-8月), 24和32 g·m^-2·a^-1氮添加显著提高AOB丰度, 在生长季后期(9月)氮添加对AOB丰度的影响不显著。(4)土壤阳离子浓度和土壤pH对AOB丰度的变异具有较高的解释度, 分别解释了土壤微生物特征变异的21.8%和17.2%。由于不同水平氮添加并未显著改变土壤阳离子浓度和土壤pH, 土壤MBC、MBN含量, 细菌和真菌的丰度对氮输入的响应不敏感, 仅在高氮处理显著提高了AOB的丰度, 说明高氮添加可能会促进盐渍化草地土壤氮的转化速率。

关键词: 盐渍化草地, 氮添加, 氨氧化微生物, 细菌, 真菌

Abstract:

Aims Nitrogen (N) availability is an important limiting factor for grassland ecosystem productivity, and soil microorganisms are the main driving factor on soil N transformation. With the increase of atmospheric N deposition, the response of soil microbial characteristics to different nitrogen input levels is still unclear especially in saline-alkaline grassland.

Methods The experiment was conducted in Youyu Loess Plateau Grassland Ecosystem Research Station, Shanxi Province. Eight different nitrogen addition levels were set, which were 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g·m^-2·a^-1, respectively. The Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (i.e. ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia- oxidizing archaea (AOA)) abundance, soil bacterial and fungal abundance, as well as soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) content were measured in the growing season (May to September) in 2020 to explore the effects of different levels of N addition on soil microbial characteristics.

Important findings Our results showed that: (1) Sampling month had a significant effect on soil AOB, bacteria, fungal abundance and MBC, MBN content due to the variation in soil temperature and soil water content in the growing season. (2) N addition had a significant effect on soil AOB abundance, while had no effects on soil MBC, MBN content, and bacterial and fungal composition. (3) Higher N addition (24 and 32 g·m^-2·a^-1) significantly increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on the early growth stage (May to August), while having no effect on late growth period (September). (4) Soil microorganisms were mainly regulated by soil cations concentrations and soil pH values, which explained the variation of soil microorganisms by 21.8% and 17.2%, respectively. We found that soil microorganisms were not sensitive to N addition in saline-alkaline grassland, while AOB showed a significant increase under higher N addition, indicating that higher N addition might promote soil N transformation.

Key words: saline alkaline grassland, nitrogen addition, Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, bacteria, fungi

杨建强, 刁华杰, 胡姝娅, 王常慧. 不同水平氮添加对盐渍化草地土壤微生物特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(7): 780-789. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0072

YANG Jian-Qiang, DIAO Hua-Jie, HU Shu-Ya, WANG Chang-Hui. Effects of nitrogen addition at different levels on soil microorganisms in saline-alkaline grassland of northern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(7): 780-789. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0072

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0072

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I7/780

图/表 7

表1 氮(N)水平、月份及其交互作用对盐渍化草地土壤微生物特征(氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌、细菌、真菌丰度和微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮含量)的影响

Table 1 Effects of nitrogen (N) levels, month and their interactions on soil microorganism (AOA, AOB, bacteria, fungi abundance and MBC, MBN content) in saline-alkaline grassland

处理 Treatment	氨氧化古菌 AOA		氨氧化细菌 AOB		细菌 Bacteria		真菌 Fungal		微生物生物量碳 MBC		微生物生物量氮 MBN
处理 Treatment	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
氮水平 N levels	0.38	0.907	6.72	<0.000 1	0.65	0.710	0.92	0.498	1.62	0.159	1.02	0.434
采样月份 Sampling month	9.72	<0.000 1	1.21	0.309	58.66	<0.000 1	24.05	<0.000 1	6.21	<0.000 1	8.54	<0.000 1
月份×氮水平 Month × N levels	0.83	0.712	2.44	<0.000 1	0.62	0.930	1.09	0.357	0.78	0.776	0.58	0.951

图1 盐渍化草地氨氧化土壤细菌(AOB)和古菌(AOA)丰度季节动态及其年际均值(平均值±标准误)。*、**、***分别表示各处理间在p < 0.05、p < 0.01及p < 0.000 1水平上差异显著; 柱形图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; N1, 氮添加1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, 氮添加2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, 氮添加4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, 氮添加8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, 氮添加16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, 氮添加24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, 氮添加32 g·m-2·a-1。

Fig. 1 Seasonal and inter-annual mean values (mean ± SE) of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) abundance in saline-alkaline grassland. *, ** and *** represent the differences are significant with p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.000 1, respectively; different lowercase letters in the bar chart indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; N1, nitrogen addition level 1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, nitrogen addition level 2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, nitrogen addition level 4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, nitrogen addition level 8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, nitrogen addition level 16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, nitrogen addition level 24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, nitrogen addition level 32 g·m-2·a-1.

图2 盐渍化草地土壤细菌和真菌组成的季节动态及年际均值(平均值±标准误)。*、**、***分别表示各处理间在p < 0.05, p < 0.01及p < 0.000 1水平上差异显著; 柱形图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; N1, 氮添加1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, 氮添加2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, 氮添加4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, 氮添加8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, 氮添加16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, 氮添加24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, 氮添加32 g·m-2·a-1。

Fig. 2 Seasonal and inter-annual mean values (mean ± SE) of soil bacterial and fungal in saline-alkaline grassland. *, ** and *** represent the differences among treatments are significant with p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.000 1, respectively; different lowercase letters in the bar chart indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; N1, nitrogen addition level 1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, nitrogen addition level 2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, nitrogen addition level 4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, nitrogen addition level 8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, nitrogen addition level 16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, nitrogen addition level 24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, nitrogen addition level 32 g·m-2·a-1.

图3 盐渍化草地土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量的季节动态及年际均值(平均值±标准误)。*、**、***分别表示各处理间在p < 0.05, p < 0.01及p < 0.000 1水平上差异显著; 柱形图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。CK, 对照; N1, 氮添加1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, 氮添加2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, 氮添加4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, 氮添加8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, 氮添加16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, 氮添加24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, 氮添加32 g·m-2·a-1。

Fig. 3 Seasonal and inter-annual mean values (mean ± SE) of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) content in saline-alkaline grassland. *, ** and *** represent the differences among treatments are significant with p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.000 1, respectively; different lowercase letters in the bar chart indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). CK, control; N1, nitrogen addition level 1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, nitrogen addition level 2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, nitrogen addition level 4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, nitrogen addition level 8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, nitrogen addition level 16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, nitrogen addition level 24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, nitrogen addition level 32 g·m-2·a-1.

表2 土壤微生物特征与土壤微环境、土壤阳离子和阴离子浓度的Pearson相关性

Table 2 Pearson correlation between soil microorganisms and soil microenvironment, soil cations and anions concentration

因子 Factor	AOA	AOB	Bacteria	Fungi	MBC	MBN	ST	SM	pH	Ca²⁺	K⁺	Mg²⁺	Na⁺	STC	CO₃^2-	HCO₃^-	Cl^-	STA	NH₄⁺
AOB	0.23
细菌 Bacteria	-0.49^**	-0.03
真菌 Fungi	0.47^**	0.09	-0.06
MBC	-0.19	-0.01	0.33^*	0.11
MBN	0.09	0.14	0.19	0.23	0.44^**
ST	-0.26	-0.61^**	-0.06	-0.19	-0.21	-0.47^**
SM	-0.26	-00.19	0.03	-0.17	0.24	0.37^**	0.00
pH	-0.36^*	-0.63^**	0.10	-0.10	0.14	-0.07	0.53^**	0.42^**
Ca²⁺	0.42^**	0.58^**	-0.28	0.21	-0.29^*	-0.05	-0.37^**	-0.34^*	-0.61^**
K⁺	0.04	-0.03	0.01	0.02	-0.02	-0.08	0.22	-0.17	0.10	-0.02
Mg²⁺	0.42^**	-0.32^*	-0.36^*	0.06	0.01	-0.01	0.29^*	0.23	0.34^*	-0.36^*	0.17
Na⁺	-0.47^**	-0.46^**	0.07	-0.29^*	0.15	0.05	0.25	0.62^**	0.77^**	-0.51^**	-0.09	0.17
STC	0.52^**	-0.11	-0.50^**	0.09	-0.13	-0.03	0.17	0.21	0.24	0.09	0.27	0.85^**	0.19
CO₃^2-	-0.45^**	-0.27	0.28	-0.21	0.08	-0.11	0.23	0.21	0.39^**	-0.26	-0.20	-0.24	0.34^*	-0.31^*
HCO₃^-	0.25	0.05	-0.27	-0.13	-0.10	0.02	0.08	0.16	0.14	0.11	0.39^**	0.39^**	0.22	0.59^**	-0.47^**
Cl^-	0.06	-0.06	0.03	-0.26	-0.07	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.14	0.12	0.09	0.06	0.22	-0.03	0.21
STA	0.19	0.00	-0.24	-0.19	-0.10	0.00	0.13	0.21	0.22	0.08	0.39^**	0.38^**	0.29^*	0.59^**	-0.33^*	0.98^**	0.30^*
NH₄⁺	0.26	0.05	-0.12	0.32^*	-0.20	-0.17	-0.19	-0.21	-0.15	0.33^*	-0.09	-0.19	-0.29^*	-0.10	-0.33^*	0.08	-0.19	0.01
NO₃^-	-0.09	-0.11	0.17	0.05	0.37^**	-0.02	-0.18	-0.04	-0.03	-0.02	-0.03	-0.11	0.08	-0.09	-0.16	0.03	-0.03	0.00	0.22

图4 不同水平氮(N)添加对盐渍化草地土壤pH值(平均值±标准误)、阳离子和阴离子浓度的影响。CK, 对照; N1, 氮添加1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, 氮添加2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, 氮添加4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, 氮添加8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, 氮添加16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, 氮添加24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, 氮添加32 g·m-2·a-1。

Fig. 4 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition at different levels on soil pH value (mean ± SE), cations, and anions concentration. CK, control; N1, nitrogen addition level 1 g·m-2·a-1; N2, nitrogen addition level 2 g·m-2·a-1; N4, nitrogen addition level 4 g·m-2·a-1; N8, nitrogen addition level 8 g·m-2·a-1; N16, nitrogen addition level 16 g·m-2·a-1; N24, nitrogen addition level 24 g·m-2·a-1; N32, nitrogen addition level 32 g·m-2·a-1.

图5 土壤氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)、细菌、真菌丰度和微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)含量与相关因子的冗余分析。SM, 土壤含水量; ST, 土壤温度; STA, 土壤总阴离子含量; STC, 土壤总盐离子含量。

Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), bacteria, fungi abundance and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nitrogen (MBN) content with related factors. SM, soil moisture; ST, soil temperature; STA, soil total anions content; STC, soil total cations content.

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不同水平氮添加对盐渍化草地土壤微生物特征的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition at different levels on soil microorganisms in saline-alkaline grassland of northern China

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