草地土壤有机质不同组分氮库对长期氮添加的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0044

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 790-798.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0044 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2021.0044

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态化学计量；草原与草业

草地土壤有机质不同组分氮库对长期氮添加的响应

武运涛¹^,², 杨森¹^,², 王欣¹, 黄俊胜¹, 王斌¹^,², 刘卫星¹, 刘玲莉¹^,²^,^*()

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-02-03 接受日期:2021-03-30 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-10-22
作者简介:* 刘玲莉: ORCID: 0000-0002-5696-3151, lingli.liu@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2019YFA0607302);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA23080301);国家自然科学基金(31901138)

Responses of soil nitrogen in different soil organic matter fractions to long-term nitrogen addition in a semi-arid grassland

WU Yun-Tao¹^,², YANG Sen¹^,², WANG Xin¹, HUANG Jun-Sheng¹, WANG Bin¹^,², LIU Wei-Xing¹, LIU Ling-Li¹^,²^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-02-03 Accepted:2021-03-30 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-10-22
Supported by:
Chinese National Key Development Program for Basic Research(2019YFA0607302);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23080301);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901138)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤氮库对生态系统的养分循环至关重要。目前多数研究主要关注氮沉降对土壤总氮的影响, 而对土壤不同有机质组分的氮库对氮沉降响应的研究较为缺乏。该研究基于内蒙古典型草地的长期多水平施氮(0、8、32、64 g·m^-2·a^-1)实验平台, 利用土壤密度分级方法, 探究氮添加处理13年后典型草地中两种土壤有机质组分(颗粒态有机质(POM), 矿质结合态有机质(MAOM))氮含量的变化及调控机制。结果显示: 土壤总碳含量、POM和MAOM的碳含量在施氮处理间均没有显著差异。土壤总氮含量则随着施氮水平增加呈显著增加的趋势, 同时施氮处理下POM的氮含量显著上升, 而MAOM的氮含量没有变化。进一步分析发现, 施氮促进植物地上生物量积累, 增加了凋落物量及其氮含量, 从而导致POM的氮含量增加。由于MAOM主要通过黏土矿物等吸附土壤中小分子有机质形成, 其氮含量受土壤中黏粒与粉粒含量影响, 而与氮添加水平无显著相关关系。该研究结果表明长期氮添加促进土壤氮库积累, 但增加的氮主要分布在稳定性较低的POM中, 受干扰后容易从生态系统中流失。为了更准确地评估和预测氮沉降对陆地生态系统的氮循环过程的影响, 应考虑土壤中不同有机质组分的差异响应。

关键词: 氮添加, 氮含量, 颗粒态有机质, 矿质结合态有机质

Abstract:

Aims Soil nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in regulating the structure and function of ecosystems and is affected by N deposition. Most previous studies focus on the responses of the N content in bulk soil to N deposition, but the responses of the N content in different soil organic matter (SOM) fractions remain unclear. We aimed to investigate how long-term N addition influenced soil N of different SOM fractions in a semi-arid grassland.

Methods A manipulated N addition experiment with 4 levels of N addition (0, 8, 32 and 64 g·m^-2·a^-1) has been conducted for 13 years in Duolun country, Nei Mongol. SOM was separated to particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral associated organic matter (MAOM) by density fractionation. The plant and soil properties were also measured.

Important findings The results showed that N addition had no significant effect on the carbon (C) content in bulk soil, POM, or MAOM. With increasing levels of N addition, the N content in bulk soil and in POM increased significantly. Furthermore, we found that the increased N content of POM was mainly associated with greater aboveground biomass following N addition. The N content of MAOM is mainly correlated with soil texture, but was not affected by N addition. These results suggest that continuous N addition can increase the soil N in bulk soil, but the increased N is mostly distributed in labile POM pools, which can be vulnerable to land use and climate change.

Key words: nitrogen addition, nitrogen content, particulate organic matter, mineral associated organic matter

武运涛, 杨森, 王欣, 黄俊胜, 王斌, 刘卫星, 刘玲莉. 草地土壤有机质不同组分氮库对长期氮添加的响应. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(7): 790-798. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0044

WU Yun-Tao, YANG Sen, WANG Xin, HUANG Jun-Sheng, WANG Bin, LIU Wei-Xing, LIU Ling-Li. Responses of soil nitrogen in different soil organic matter fractions to long-term nitrogen addition in a semi-arid grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(7): 790-798. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0044

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0044

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I7/790

图/表 8

图1 氮添加对地上生物量(A), 溶解性无机氮含量(B), 土壤pH (C)和微生物生物量碳含量(D)的影响(平均值±标准误)。F和p为方差分析的结果, 不同小写字母表示不同氮添加水平间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on aboveground biomass (AGB)(A), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) content (B), soil pH (C) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content (D)(mean ± SE). F and p are the results of one-way ANOVA. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among N addition levels (p < 0.05).

图2 氮添加对土壤黏粒与粉粒含量(A)和砂粒含量(B)的影响(平均值±标准误)。F和p为方差分析的结果, 不同小写字母表示不同氮添加水平间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on soil clay and silt (A) and sand (B) content (mean ± SE). F and p are the results of one-way ANOVA. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different N addition levels.

图3 氮添加对土壤碳含量(A)、氮含量(B)和碳氮比(C)的影响(平均值±标准误)。F和p为方差分析的结果, 不同小写字母表示不同氮添加水平间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of nitrogen (N) addition on soil carbon (C) content (A), soil N content (B) and soil C:N (C)(mean ± SE). F and p are the results of one-way ANOVA. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different N addition levels.

图4 氮添加对土壤中颗粒态有机质(POM)和矿质结合态有机质(MAOM)的相对含量(A)、碳含量(B)和氮含量(C)的影响(平均值±标准误)。F和p为方差分析的结果, 不同字母表示不同氮添加水平间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effect of nitrogen (N) addition on the relative mass (A), carbon (C) content (B) and N content (C) of particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral associated organic matter (MAOM)(mean ± SE). F and p are the results of one-way ANOVA. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different N addition levels.

图5 土壤中不同有机质组分的碳氮含量与氮添加水平(A, C)和土壤黏粒与粉粒含量(B, D)的关系。实线表示相关性显著(p < 0.05), 虚线表示相关性不显著。□, 矿质结合态有机质(MAOM); △, 颗粒态有机质(POM)。

Fig. 5 Relationships between the soil carbon (C) in different SOM fractions and nitrogen (N) addition rates (A), and soil clay and silt content (B); and relationships between the soil N in different SOM fractions and N addition rates (C), and soil clay and silt content (D). Solid and dashed lines represent significant (p < 0.05) and insignificant (p > 0.05) relationships, respectively. □, mineral associated organic matter (MAOM); △, particulate organic matter (POM).

表1 氮添加和土壤粉粒与黏粒含量对土壤颗粒态有机质(POM)和矿质结合态有机质(MAOM)碳、氮含量影响的广义线性混合模型(GLMM)分析结果

Table 1 Summary of the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) for the effects of nitrogen (N) addition and silt and clay content on the carbon (C) and N content in particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral associated organic matter (MAOM)

响应变量 Response variable	变量 Variable	相关系数 Correlation coefficient	标准误 Standard error	t	p
POM碳含量 C content in POM	氮添加水平 N addition (g·m^-2·a^-1)	0.022	0.028	0.793	0.446
POM碳含量 C content in POM	黏粒与粉粒含量 Silt and sand clay content (%)	0.013	0.187	-0.068	0.947
MAOM碳含量 C content in MAOM	氮添加水平 N addition (g·m^-2·a^-1)	-0.043	0.019	-2.287	0.045
MAOM碳含量 C content in MAOM	黏粒与粉粒含量 Silt and sand clay content (%)	0.396	0.126	3.145	0.010
POM氮含量 N content in POM	氮添加水平 N addition (g·m^-2·a^-1)	0.014	0.003	4.045	0.002
POM氮含量 N content in POM	黏粒与粉粒含量 Silt and sand clay content (%)	-0.030	0.021	-2.086	0.182
MAOM氮含量 N content in MAOM	氮添加水平 N addition (g·m^-2·a^-1)	-0.002	0.001	-1.408	0.162
MAOM氮含量 N content in MAOM	黏粒与粉粒含量 Silt and sand clay content (%)	0.035	0.010	3.586	0.005

表2 颗粒态有机质(POM)和矿质结合态有机质(MAOM)的氮(N)含量影响因子的基于赤池信息推测的最优模型筛选

Table 2 Summary of the best corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc)-selected models for the nitrogen (N) content in particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral associated organic matter (MAOM)

响应变量 Response variable	因子 Factor	模型Model
响应变量 Response variable	因子 Factor	1	2	3	4
POM氮含量 N content in POM	常数项 Constant term	1.770	1.697	0.090	-
	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	0.003	0.002	0.003	-
	微生物生物量碳含量 Microbial biomass carbon content	0.002	-	-	-
	C:N	-1.111	-0.067	-	-
	赤池信息准则 Akaike information criterion	24.90	21.95	17.66	-
MAOM氮含量 N content in MAOM	常数项 Constant term	1.202	1.451	0.762	0.702
	黏粒与粉粒含量 Silt and clay content	0.031	0.029	0.036	0.030
	微生物生物量碳含量 Microbial biomass carbon content	-0.002	-0.001	-	-
	异养呼吸速率 Heterotrophic respiration rate	0.375	-	-	-
	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	-0.002	-0.002	-0.001	-
	赤池信息准则 Akaike information criterion	5.92	5.17	3.01	2.30

图6 氮添加对颗粒态有机质(POM)(A)和矿质结合态有机质(MAOM)(B)的氮含量影响途径的结构方程模型(SEM)分析结果。模型拟合的结果: POMN, χ2 = 0.480, p = 0.787, 相对拟合指数(CFI) = 1.000, 近似误差平方根(RMSEA) < 0.001; MAOMN, X2 = 2.856, p = 0.414, CFI = 1.000, RMSER < 0.001。实线箭头代表显著的效应(p < 0.05), 虚线箭头代表没有显著的效应(p > 0.05), 箭头附近的数字代表标准化的路径系数。

Fig. 6 A schematic representation of the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis used to identify the controls of soil nitrogen (N) content in particulate organic matter (POM)(A) and mineral associated organic matter (MAOM)(B) under N addition. Results of the model fitting were: POMN, X2 = 0.480, p = 0.787, comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.000, root-mean-square (RMSEA) < 0.001; MAOMN, X2 = 2.856, p = 0.414, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA < 0.001. Solid and dashed arrows represent significant effect (p < 0.05) and insignificant effect (p > 0.05), respectively. Number adjacent to the arrows refer to the standardized path coefficients. AGB, aboveground biomass; DIN, dissolved inorganic nitrogen; MBC, microbial biomass carbon.

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草地土壤有机质不同组分氮库对长期氮添加的响应

Responses of soil nitrogen in different soil organic matter fractions to long-term nitrogen addition in a semi-arid grassland

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