植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 995-1004.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0450

所属专题: 青藏高原植物生态学:种群生态学

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

模拟增温改变青藏高原植物繁殖物候及植株高度

魏瑶1,4, 马志远2, 周佳颖3, 张振华1,*()   

  1. 1中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海海北高寒草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 高原生物适应与进化重点实验室, 西宁 810008
    2北京大学城市与环境学院, 地表过程分析与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100871
    3青海大学生态环境工程学院, 西宁 810016
    4中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-06 接受日期:2022-04-20 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 张振华
  • 作者简介:张振华:ORCID:0000-0002-1862-0473(zhenhua@nwipb.cas.cn)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31971467);国家自然科学基金(31630009);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302)

Experimental warming changed reproductive phenology and height of alpine plants on the Qingzang Plateau

WEI Yao1,4, MA Zhi-Yuan2, ZHOU Jia-Ying3, ZHANG Zhen-Hua1,*()   

  1. 1Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
    2Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    3College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
    4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2021-12-06 Accepted:2022-04-20 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-10-19
  • Contact: ZHANG Zhen-Hua
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971467);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630009);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program of China(2019QZKK0302)

摘要:

气候变化显著影响了高寒植物物候期及生长模式, 从而改变了高寒生态系统功能。而高寒植物物候期和生长状况对气候变化的响应程度, 与其自身资源分配策略有关。为了更好地探究气候变化下高寒植物繁殖物候及生长的规律, 该研究以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象, 按生物量从高到低选取15种常见植物, 其生物量之和占样地总生物量80%以上, 采用红外辐射器模拟增温的方法, 利用同质园实验, 观测无种间竞争条件下, 增温2年间植物返青、现蕾、开花以及结实物候, 并监测了植株高度。研究结果表明: (1)在功能群水平上, 增温使豆科类植物的返青、现蕾和开花时间分别显著提前了(8.21 ± 1.81)、(9.14 ± 2.41)和(10.14 ± 2.05) d, 使其开花持续时间显著延长了(6.14 ± 1.52) d, 而增温对其他功能群物候事件无显著影响。增温对高寒植物物候的影响存在种间及年际间差异, 但总体上增温使大多数高寒植物繁殖物候提前并且开花持续时间延长, 将更多的资源更多地分配到繁殖生长上。(2)增温显著降低了杂类草植物的植株高度(平均降低(3.58 ± 0.96) cm), 但对豆科类、禾草类及莎草类功能群植株高度没有显著影响。 增温对高寒植物植株高度的影响存在显著的种间差异以及年际差异。综上所述, 未来气候变暖背景下, 青藏高原高寒植物群落可能更早进入繁殖阶段, 从而降低在营养生长上的资源分配。另外, 由于各物种繁殖能力和营养生长对温度变化响应的差异, 气候变暖将导致高寒植物群落中各物种盖度的变化, 进而改变群落物种组成, 从而影响高寒生态系统的功能。

关键词: 高寒植物, 气候变化, 红外加热, 繁殖物候, 营养生长, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims Climate change is significantly altering the phenology and growth pattern of alpine plants related to their resource allocation strategies, thereby changing the functioning of alpine ecosystems. The aim of this study is to explore responses of reproductive phenology and vegetative growth of alpine plants to climate warming on the Qingzang Plateau.

Methods Experimental warming was achieved using infrared heating. From 2017 to 2018, we measured the reproductive phenology (leaf out, flower bud, flower and fruit time) and maximum height of 15 common alpine plants (account more than 80% of the total above biomass) under non-competitive condition via common garden experiment.

Important findings Our results showed that: (1) Experimental warming significantly advanced the leaf out, flower bud and first flowering day of legumes by (8.21 ± 1.81), (9.14 ± 2.41) and (10.14 ± 2.05) d, respectively. In addition, warming significantly prolonged the flowering duration of legumes by (6.14 ± 1.52) d. This result implied that different functional groups showed different responses under warming. The reproductive phenology of most alpine plants advanced, and the flowering duration was prolonged under warming, suggesting that more resources was allocated to reproductive growth. (2) In addition, experimental warming significantly reduced the height of forbs by (3.58 ± 0.96) cm, but not of other functional groups. Different species have differential responses to warming in different year. In summary, the alpine plant community on the Qingzang Plateau may start the reproductive stage earlier, hence reducing the resource allocation for vegetative growth under future warming conditions. In addition, due to different responses of the reproductive capacity and vegetative growth of various species to temperature change, climate warming may change the coverage of various species, and then alter the composition of species in the community, and then change the function of alpine ecosystem.

Key words: alpine plant, climate change, infrared heating, reproductive phenology, vegetative growth, Qingzang Plateau