邻域树种多样性对杉木叶片氮磷生态化学计量比的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0128

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性丧失威胁生态系统功能, 研究生物多样性对植物生态化学计量比的影响, 有利于深入评估生物多样性对生态系统功能的影响机制。该研究利用亚热带地区大型野外树种多样性实验平台, 选取不同树种丰富度(1、4、8、16、32)样地中的杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)为目标树种, 探讨邻域树种丰富度、邻域树种与目标树间的性状差异以及邻体竞争对目标树杉木叶片氮(N)、磷(P)含量及N:P的影响。主要研究结果: (1)邻域树种与目标树根组织密度差异显著降低了杉木叶片N含量, 而比根长差异显著增加了杉木叶片P含量。(2)邻域树种竞争显著降低了杉木叶片N含量和N:P。(3)邻体竞争指数和比根长差异的交互作用, 以及邻域树种丰富度和比根长差异的交互作用均显著降低了杉木叶片P含量。即比根长差异对杉木叶片P含量的正影响随着邻域树种丰富度的增加而降低, 比根长差异对杉木叶片P含量的正影响也随着邻体竞争的增加而降低。(4)邻域树种丰富度和邻域系统发育差异的交互作用显著提高了杉木叶片N:P。邻域系统发育差异对杉木叶片N:P的负效应随着邻域树种丰富度的增加而降低。综上, 杉木与功能性状差异较大的树种混交显著提高杉木叶片P含量, 而邻域树种竞争降低了杉木叶片N含量。在杉木与多树种混交时, 树种间功能性状差异有助于减缓种间竞争带来的不利影响, 提高杉木叶片N:P, 进而有利于其生长。

关键词: 树种丰富度, 性状差异, 生态位互补, 竞争, 养分

Abstract:

Aims Biodiversity loss threatens ecosystem functions. Investigating the effect of biodiversity on the ecological stoichiometry of plant nutrients, therefore, can help reveal the mechanisms of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions.

Methods Using a tree species diversity experiment in subtropical China, Cunninghamia lanceolatafrom plots with different tree species richness (1, 4, 8, 16, 32) were selected as focal tree species. The effects of neighborhood species richness (NSR), functional trait dissimilarities between neighborhood tree species and the focal tree, neighborhood competition index (NCI) on foliar nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) content and N:P of C. lanceolata were investigated.

Important findings (1) The results showed that the dissimilarity in specific root length (SRL_diss) between neighborhood trees and focal trees significantly increased the foliar P content of C. lanceolata, while the dissimilarity in root tissue density (RTD_diss) significantly decreased the foliar N content of C. lanceolata. (2) Neighborhood competition significantly decreased the foliar N content and N:P of C. lanceolata. (3) The interaction effects of NCI and SRL_diss, as well as the interaction between NSR and SRL_diss significantly reduced the foliar P content of C. lanceolata. The result indicates that the positive effect of SRL_diss on the foliar P content of C. lanceolata decreased with increasing NSR, and the positive effect of SRL_diss on the foliar P content of C. lanceolata decreased with increasing NCI. (4) The interaction between NSR and phylogenetic dissimilarity (NP_diss) significantly increased foliar N:P of C. lanceolata, demonstrating that the negative effect of NP_diss on the foliar N:P content of C. lanceolata decreased with increasing NSR. Our results indicated that the foliar P content of C. lanceolata was significantly enhanced by mixing with tree species with different trait dissimilarities, while foliar N content of C. lanceolata was decreased by neighborhood competition. Tree species richness can help mitigate the adverse effects of interspecific competition on C. lanceolata through niche complementation when mixing with species that have greater trait dissimilarity.

Key words: tree species richness, trait dissimilarity, niche complementarity, competition, nutrient

冉松松, 余再鹏, 万晓华, 傅彦榕, 邹秉章, 王思荣, 黄志群. 邻域树种多样性对杉木叶片氮磷生态化学计量比的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(7): 932-942. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0128

RAN Song-Song, YU Zai-Peng, WAN Xiao-Hua, FU Yan-Rong, ZOU Bing-Zhang, WANG Si-Rong, HUANG Zhi-Qun. Effects of neighborhood tree species diversity on foliar nitrogen-phosphorus stoichiometry of Cunninghamia lanceolata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(7): 932-942. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0128

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I7/932

图/表 5

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编号 No.	树种丰富度 Species richness	样地重复数 Replicates	树种组成 Tree species composition
A	1	4	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata
B	4	3	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii
C	4	3	红锥、杉木、福建柏、南方红豆杉 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei
D	4	3	杉木、马尾松、南方红豆杉、壳菜果 Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Mytilaria laosensis
E	8	3	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、醉香含笑、野鸦椿、木莲、江南桤木 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Michelia macclurei, Euscaphis japonica, Manglietia fordiana, Alnus trabeculosa
F	8	3	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba
G	8	3	红锥、杉木、枫香树、马尾松、福建柏、南方红豆杉、苦槠、壳菜果 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Liquidambar formosana, Pinus massoniana, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Mytilaria laosensis
H	16	4	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、醉香含笑、野鸦椿、木莲、江南桤木、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷、红豆树、深山含笑、刨花润楠、浙江楠 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Michelia macclurei, Euscaphis japonica, Manglietia fordiana, Alnus trabeculosa, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba, Ormosia hosiei, Michelia maudiae, Machilus pauhoi, Phoebe chekiangensis
I	16	4	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、枫香树、马尾松、枳椇、栓皮栎、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷、苦槠、壳菜果、鸡爪槭、柯 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Liquidambar formosana, Pinus massoniana, Quercus variabilis, Hovenia acerba, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Mytilaria laosensis, Acer palmatum, Lithocarpus glaber
J	32	4	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、醉香含笑、野鸦椿、木莲、江南桤木、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷、红豆树、深山含笑、刨花润楠、浙江楠、枫香树、马尾松、朴树、栓皮栎、枳椇、黧蒴锥、青钱柳、无患子、苦槠、壳菜果、鸡爪槭、柯、樟、山杜英、紫薇、木樨 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Michelia macclurei, Euscaphis japonica Manglietia fordiana, Alnus trabeculosa, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba, Ormosia hosiei, Michelia maudiae, Machilus pauhoi, Phoebe chekiangensis, Liquidambar formosana, Pinus massoniana, Celtis sinensis, Quercus variabilis, Hovenia acerba, Castanopsis fissa, Cyclocarya paliurus, Sapindus saponaria, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Mytilaria laosensis, Acer palmatum, Lithocarpus glaber, Cinnamomum camphora, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Lagerstroemia indica, Osmanthus fragrans

编号 No.	树种丰富度 Species richness	样地重复数 Replicates	树种组成 Tree species composition
A	1	4	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata
B	4	3	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii
C	4	3	红锥、杉木、福建柏、南方红豆杉 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei
D	4	3	杉木、马尾松、南方红豆杉、壳菜果 Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Mytilaria laosensis
E	8	3	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、醉香含笑、野鸦椿、木莲、江南桤木 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Michelia macclurei, Euscaphis japonica, Manglietia fordiana, Alnus trabeculosa
F	8	3	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba
G	8	3	红锥、杉木、枫香树、马尾松、福建柏、南方红豆杉、苦槠、壳菜果 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Liquidambar formosana, Pinus massoniana, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Mytilaria laosensis
H	16	4	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、醉香含笑、野鸦椿、木莲、江南桤木、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷、红豆树、深山含笑、刨花润楠、浙江楠 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Michelia macclurei, Euscaphis japonica, Manglietia fordiana, Alnus trabeculosa, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba, Ormosia hosiei, Michelia maudiae, Machilus pauhoi, Phoebe chekiangensis
I	16	4	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、枫香树、马尾松、枳椇、栓皮栎、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷、苦槠、壳菜果、鸡爪槭、柯 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Liquidambar formosana, Pinus massoniana, Quercus variabilis, Hovenia acerba, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Mytilaria laosensis, Acer palmatum, Lithocarpus glaber
J	32	4	红锥、杉木、柳杉、米槠、醉香含笑、野鸦椿、木莲、江南桤木、福建柏、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷、红豆树、深山含笑、刨花润楠、浙江楠、枫香树、马尾松、朴树、栓皮栎、枳椇、黧蒴锥、青钱柳、无患子、苦槠、壳菜果、鸡爪槭、柯、樟、山杜英、紫薇、木樨 Castanopsis hystrix, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, Castanopsis carlesii, Michelia macclurei, Euscaphis japonica Manglietia fordiana, Alnus trabeculosa, Fokienia hodginsii, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe bournei, Schima superba, Ormosia hosiei, Michelia maudiae, Machilus pauhoi, Phoebe chekiangensis, Liquidambar formosana, Pinus massoniana, Celtis sinensis, Quercus variabilis, Hovenia acerba, Castanopsis fissa, Cyclocarya paliurus, Sapindus saponaria, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Mytilaria laosensis, Acer palmatum, Lithocarpus glaber, Cinnamomum camphora, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Lagerstroemia indica, Osmanthus fragrans

编号 No.	树种丰富度 Species richness	重复数 Replicate	目标树高 Focal tree height (m)	目标树地径 Focal tree ground diameter (mm)	平均树高 Mean tree heigh (m)	平均地径 Mean ground diameter (mm)
A	1	4	1.4 ± 0.2	25 ± 4.2	1.1 ± 0.1	18 ± 1.6
B	4	3	1.4 ± 0.3	27 ± 6.0	1.2 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.1
C	4	3	1.5 ± 0.3	26 ± 5.4	1.2 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.6
D	4	3	1.4 ± 0.2	23 ± 3.2	1.4 ± 0.2	21 ± 1.4
E	8	3	1.6 ± 0.3	28 ± 5.3	1.3 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.6
F	8	3	1.4 ± 0.4	27 ± 8.1	1.2 ± 0.1	19 ± 0.9
G	8	3	1.6 ± 0.3	29 ± 6.0	1.2 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.6
H	16	4	1.5 ± 0.2	26 ± 4.6	1.2 ± 0.1	18 ± 1.5
I	16	4	1.3 ± 0.2	26 ± 3.8	1.1 ± 0.1	17 ± 1.4
J	32	4	1.4 ± 0.2	25 ± 4.9	1.2 ± 0.1	18 ± 1.4

编号 No.	树种丰富度 Species richness	重复数 Replicate	目标树高 Focal tree height (m)	目标树地径 Focal tree ground diameter (mm)	平均树高 Mean tree heigh (m)	平均地径 Mean ground diameter (mm)
A	1	4	1.4 ± 0.2	25 ± 4.2	1.1 ± 0.1	18 ± 1.6
B	4	3	1.4 ± 0.3	27 ± 6.0	1.2 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.1
C	4	3	1.5 ± 0.3	26 ± 5.4	1.2 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.6
D	4	3	1.4 ± 0.2	23 ± 3.2	1.4 ± 0.2	21 ± 1.4
E	8	3	1.6 ± 0.3	28 ± 5.3	1.3 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.6
F	8	3	1.4 ± 0.4	27 ± 8.1	1.2 ± 0.1	19 ± 0.9
G	8	3	1.6 ± 0.3	29 ± 6.0	1.2 ± 0.2	19 ± 1.6
H	16	4	1.5 ± 0.2	26 ± 4.6	1.2 ± 0.1	18 ± 1.5
I	16	4	1.3 ± 0.2	26 ± 3.8	1.1 ± 0.1	17 ± 1.4
J	32	4	1.4 ± 0.2	25 ± 4.9	1.2 ± 0.1	18 ± 1.4

	变量 Variable	系数 Estimate	标准误 SE	df	t	p	R²m	R²c
叶片氮含量 Foliar N content	截距 Intercept	2.87	0.02	66.4	184.16	<0.001	0.05	0.20
叶片氮含量 Foliar N content	NSR	0.03	0.02	55.0	1.83	0.073
	NCI	-0.03	0.01	263.0	-2.06	0.04
	RTD_diss	-0.04	0.02	93.5	-2.30	0.024
叶片磷含量 Foliar P content	截距 Intercept	-0.05	0.02	134.6	-2.45	0.016	0.17	0.29
叶片磷含量 Foliar P content	NSR	0.03	0.02	123.9	1.26	0.212
	NCI	0.02	0.02	263.4	0.92	0.361
	SRL_diss	0.05	0.02	191.1	1.98	0.049
	NSR × SRL_diss	-0.05	0.02	87.6	-2.40	0.018
	NCI × SRL_diss	-0.05	0.02	263.8	-2.25	0.026
叶片氮磷比 Foliar N:P	截距 Intercept	2.89	0.03	159.0	114.09	<0.001	0.16	0.33
叶片氮磷比 Foliar N:P	NSR	0.02	0.31	168.8	0.61	0.546
	NCI	-0.05	0.02	263.8	-2.90	0.004
	NP_diss	-0.06	0.03	228.5	-1.90	0.059
	NSR × NP_diss	0.07	0.02	108.3	2.69	0.008
	NCI × NP_diss	0.04	0.02	251.7	1.58	0.116