Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1116-1130.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0041
Special Issue: 植物功能性状
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
FENG Shan-Shan, HUANG Chun-Hui, TANG Meng-Yun, JIANG Wei-Xin, BAI Tian-Dao*()
Received:
2023-02-14
Accepted:
2023-04-26
Online:
2023-08-20
Published:
2023-05-04
Contact:
*BAI Tian-Dao(Supported by:
FENG Shan-Shan, HUANG Chun-Hui, TANG Meng-Yun, JIANG Wei-Xin, BAI Tian-Dao. Geographical variation of needles phenotypic and anatomic traits between populations of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia and its environmental interpretation[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(8): 1116-1130.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0041
性状缩写 Abbreviation of character | 单位 Unit | 性状名称 Name of character |
---|---|---|
αA | ° | 针叶截面夹角 Angle of needle cross section |
NW | mm | 叶宽 Needle width |
NT | mm | 叶厚 Needle thickness |
NSP | mm | 叶截面周长 Needle cross-section perimeter |
NSA | mm2 | 叶截面面积 Needle cross-section area |
CCW | mm | 中柱宽 Central cylinder width |
CCT | mm | 中柱厚 Central cylinder thickness |
CCP | mm | 中柱截面周长 Central cylinder perimeter |
CCA | mm2 | 中柱截面面积 Central cylinder area |
RCN | No. | 树脂道数 Number of resin canals |
RCP | mm | 树脂道总周长 Resin canal perimeter |
RCA | mm2 | 树脂道总面积 Resin canal area |
MA | mm2 | 叶肉面积 Mesophyll area |
MSD | No.·mm-2 | 气孔密度 Mean stomatal density |
V1 | 叶截面面积与中柱截面面积之比 NSA/CCA | |
V2 | 树脂道数与气孔密度之比 RCN/MSD | |
V3 | 树脂道数与V1之比 RCN/V1 | |
V4 | 气孔密度与V1之比 MSD/V1 |
Table 1 Names, abbreviations, and units of tested needle characters for Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia
性状缩写 Abbreviation of character | 单位 Unit | 性状名称 Name of character |
---|---|---|
αA | ° | 针叶截面夹角 Angle of needle cross section |
NW | mm | 叶宽 Needle width |
NT | mm | 叶厚 Needle thickness |
NSP | mm | 叶截面周长 Needle cross-section perimeter |
NSA | mm2 | 叶截面面积 Needle cross-section area |
CCW | mm | 中柱宽 Central cylinder width |
CCT | mm | 中柱厚 Central cylinder thickness |
CCP | mm | 中柱截面周长 Central cylinder perimeter |
CCA | mm2 | 中柱截面面积 Central cylinder area |
RCN | No. | 树脂道数 Number of resin canals |
RCP | mm | 树脂道总周长 Resin canal perimeter |
RCA | mm2 | 树脂道总面积 Resin canal area |
MA | mm2 | 叶肉面积 Mesophyll area |
MSD | No.·mm-2 | 气孔密度 Mean stomatal density |
V1 | 叶截面面积与中柱截面面积之比 NSA/CCA | |
V2 | 树脂道数与气孔密度之比 RCN/MSD | |
V3 | 树脂道数与V1之比 RCN/V1 | |
V4 | 气孔密度与V1之比 MSD/V1 |
Fig. 2 Needle microscopic structures of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia. A, Stomata and stomatal line distribution. B, Cross section of needle. C, Enlarged exodermis, resin canal and stomata. D, Model picture of cross section of needle. αA, angle of needle cross section; c, central cylinder; e, epidermis; h, subcutaneous layer; m, mesophyll; p, phloem; r, resin canal; s, stomata; x, xylem. CCT, central cylinder thickness; CCW, central cylinder width; NT, needle thickness; NW, needle width; RCA, resin canal area; RCP, resin canal perimeter.
性状 Trait | F | 方差分量百分比 Percentage of variance component (%) | 表型分化系数 Phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST, %) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within population | 种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within population | 随机误差 Random error | ||
αA | 2.49 * | 1.59* | 2.83 | 9.85 | 87.32 | 22.32 |
NW | 16.88*** | 3.52*** | 17.99 | 27.13 | 54.88 | 39.87 |
NT | 14.83*** | 2.92*** | 17.64 | 22.57 | 59.79 | 43.86 |
NSP | 12.40*** | 3.41*** | 13.59 | 27.62 | 58.79 | 32.98 |
NSA | 13.74*** | 3.20*** | 15.54 | 25.43 | 59.04 | 37.93 |
CCW | 11.04*** | 2.38*** | 14.36 | 18.21 | 67.43 | 44.09 |
CCT | 3.68*** | 1.46* | 5.68 | 7.74 | 86.58 | 42.31 |
CCP | 7.62*** | 2.36*** | 10.27 | 18.87 | 70.86 | 35.24 |
CCA | 6.96*** | 2.17*** | 9.37 | 16.71 | 73.92 | 35.94 |
RCN | 55.63*** | 11.90*** | 26.79 | 50.01 | 23.20 | 34.88 |
RCP | 39.13*** | 9.31*** | 22.44 | 49.66 | 27.90 | 31.13 |
RCA | 20.74*** | 7.02*** | 15.23 | 45.99 | 38.77 | 24.88 |
MA | 17.64*** | 4.80*** | 15.95 | 35.87 | 48.18 | 30.78 |
MSD | 12.04*** | 2.33*** | 18.08 | 17.08 | 64.85 | 51.42 |
V1 | 1.70 | 3.90*** | 0.00 | 34.08 | 65.92 | 0.00 |
V2 | 22.60*** | 5.68*** | 18.68 | 38.97 | 42.35 | 32.40 |
V3 | 44.45*** | 10.77*** | 23.25 | 50.53 | 26.22 | 31.51 |
V4 | 10.02*** | 2.95*** | 12.78 | 24.17 | 63.04 | 34.59 |
平均值 Mean | 14.47 | 28.92 | 56.61 | 33.67 |
Table 2 F value, percentage of variance component among and within populations of needle characters and phenotypic differentiation coefficient of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia
性状 Trait | F | 方差分量百分比 Percentage of variance component (%) | 表型分化系数 Phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST, %) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within population | 种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within population | 随机误差 Random error | ||
αA | 2.49 * | 1.59* | 2.83 | 9.85 | 87.32 | 22.32 |
NW | 16.88*** | 3.52*** | 17.99 | 27.13 | 54.88 | 39.87 |
NT | 14.83*** | 2.92*** | 17.64 | 22.57 | 59.79 | 43.86 |
NSP | 12.40*** | 3.41*** | 13.59 | 27.62 | 58.79 | 32.98 |
NSA | 13.74*** | 3.20*** | 15.54 | 25.43 | 59.04 | 37.93 |
CCW | 11.04*** | 2.38*** | 14.36 | 18.21 | 67.43 | 44.09 |
CCT | 3.68*** | 1.46* | 5.68 | 7.74 | 86.58 | 42.31 |
CCP | 7.62*** | 2.36*** | 10.27 | 18.87 | 70.86 | 35.24 |
CCA | 6.96*** | 2.17*** | 9.37 | 16.71 | 73.92 | 35.94 |
RCN | 55.63*** | 11.90*** | 26.79 | 50.01 | 23.20 | 34.88 |
RCP | 39.13*** | 9.31*** | 22.44 | 49.66 | 27.90 | 31.13 |
RCA | 20.74*** | 7.02*** | 15.23 | 45.99 | 38.77 | 24.88 |
MA | 17.64*** | 4.80*** | 15.95 | 35.87 | 48.18 | 30.78 |
MSD | 12.04*** | 2.33*** | 18.08 | 17.08 | 64.85 | 51.42 |
V1 | 1.70 | 3.90*** | 0.00 | 34.08 | 65.92 | 0.00 |
V2 | 22.60*** | 5.68*** | 18.68 | 38.97 | 42.35 | 32.40 |
V3 | 44.45*** | 10.77*** | 23.25 | 50.53 | 26.22 | 31.51 |
V4 | 10.02*** | 2.95*** | 12.78 | 24.17 | 63.04 | 34.59 |
平均值 Mean | 14.47 | 28.92 | 56.61 | 33.67 |
Fig. 3 Pearson correlations between needle characters of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia and geographical and climatic factors. ***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05. αA, angle of needle cross section; CCA, central cylinder area; CCP, central cylinder perimeter; CCT, central cylinder thickness; CCW, central cylinder width; MA, mesophyll area; MSD, mean stomatal density; NSP, needle cross-section perimeter; NSA, needle cross-section area; NT, needle thickness; NW, needle width; RCA, resin canal area; RCN, number of resin canals; RCP, resin canal perimeter; V1, NSA/CCA; V2, RCN/MSD; V3, RCN/V1; V4, MSD/V1. ALT, altitude; DFSSR, distance from sampling site to river; LAT, latitude; LON, longitude; MAP, annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; MRH, mean relative humidity.
地理和气候因子 Geographical and climatic factor | 主成分载荷 Principal component loading | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | |
纬度 Latitude | 0.213 | -0.877 | 0.380 | 0.152 |
经度 Longitude | -0.850 | -0.360 | 0.369 | -0.010 |
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature | -0.869 | 0.441 | -0.100 | 0.044 |
相对湿度 Mean relative humidity | 0.205 | 0.902 | 0.242 | -0.238 |
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation | 0.867 | 0.306 | -0.259 | 0.274 |
海拔 Altitude | 0.838 | -0.288 | 0.321 | -0.252 |
采样点至河流距离 Distance from sampling site to river | 0.079 | 0.704 | 0.660 | 0.241 |
特征值 Eigenvalue | 3.02 | 2.58 | 0.95 | 0.28 |
贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 43.21 | 36.85 | 13.64 | 3.98 |
Table 4 Principal component (PC) analysis of geographical and climatic factors for needle characters of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia populations
地理和气候因子 Geographical and climatic factor | 主成分载荷 Principal component loading | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | |
纬度 Latitude | 0.213 | -0.877 | 0.380 | 0.152 |
经度 Longitude | -0.850 | -0.360 | 0.369 | -0.010 |
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature | -0.869 | 0.441 | -0.100 | 0.044 |
相对湿度 Mean relative humidity | 0.205 | 0.902 | 0.242 | -0.238 |
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation | 0.867 | 0.306 | -0.259 | 0.274 |
海拔 Altitude | 0.838 | -0.288 | 0.321 | -0.252 |
采样点至河流距离 Distance from sampling site to river | 0.079 | 0.704 | 0.660 | 0.241 |
特征值 Eigenvalue | 3.02 | 2.58 | 0.95 | 0.28 |
贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 43.21 | 36.85 | 13.64 | 3.98 |
Fig. 4 Regression analysis between principal components (PC) of geographical and climatic factors and needle characters of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia populations (mean ± SE). A-E are characters that have significant regression with PC1. F-G are characters that have significant regression with PC2. MSD, mean stomatal density; RCA, resin canal area; RCN, number of resin canals; RCP, resin canal perimeter; V1, needle cross-section area divided by central cylinder area (NSA/CCA); V2, RCN/MSD; V3, RCN/V1; V4, MSD/V1.
Fig. 5 Redundancy analysis (RDA) between needle characters and geo-climatic factors of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia populations. αA, angle of needle cross section; CCA, central cylinder area; CCP, central cylinder perimeter; CCT, central cylinder thickness; CCW, central cylinder width; MA, mesophyll area; MSD, mean stomatal density; NSA, needle cross-section area; NSP, needle cross-section perimeter; NT, needle thickness; NW, needle width; RCA, resin canal area; RCN, number of resin canals; RCP, resin canal perimeter; V1, NSA/CCA; V2, RCN/MSD; V3, RCN/V1; V4, MSD/V1.
Fig. 6 Optimal number of clusters (A-C) and hierarchical cluster tree (D) of geographical and climatic factors and needle traits of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia populations. A, Optimal number of clusters of populations based on needle traits. B, Optimal number of clusters of geographical and climatic factors. C, Optimal number of clusters of needle traits. D, Cluster results of needle traits and geographical and climatic factors in the tested populations. αA, angle of needle cross section; CCA, central cylinder area; CCP, central cylinder perimeter; CCT, central cylinder thickness; CCW, central cylinder width; MA, mesophyll area; MSD, mean stomatal density; NSA, needle cross-section area; NT, needle thickness; NW, needle width; NSP, needle cross-section perimeter; RCA, resin canal area; RCN, number of resin canals; RCP, resin canal perimeter; V1, NSA/CCA; V2, RCN/MSD; V3, RCN/V1; V4, MSD/V1. ALT, altitude; DFSSR, distance from sampling site to river; LAT, latitude; LON, longitude; MAP, annual precipitation; MAT, mean annual air temperature; MRH, mean relative humidity. The values of needle character and geographical and climatic factors in plot D were standardized before visualization.
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