Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration and increasing precipitation on yield and growth development in maize

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00100

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The yield and growth of maize (Zea mays) have changed due to the influence of climate change. Increasing CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]) and changes in precipitation are two important aspects of climate change affecting maize. Our objective was to explore the interactive effects of elevated [CO₂] and an increase in precipitation on yield and growth in maize, in order to evaluate the effects of future changes in climate change on plant in Northeast China.
Methods This experiment was conducted in Jinzhou, with the maize cultivar ‘Danyu 39’ as plant materials. Open top chambers (OTCs) were used to simulate the elevated [CO₂] (control at 390 μmol·mol^-1, and elevated at 450 and 550 μmol·mol^-1, respectively) and increased precipitation (0 and +15% increase based on the average monthly precipitation from June through August during 1981-2010). Totally six treatments, i.e. C₅₅₀W_+15%, C₅₅₀W₀, C₄₅₀W_+15%, C₄₅₀W₀, C₃₉₀W_+15% and C₃₉₀W₀ were included in this study.
Important findings Significant interactive effects between elevated [CO₂] and increased precipitation on corn grain yield and biological yield (p< 0.05) were found. The grain yield and biological yield were increased by the positive effects of the two factors. An increase in precipitation increased the grain yield by 15.94%, 9.95% and 9.45%, and the biological yield by 13.06%, 8.13% and 6.49%, respectively, at [CO₂] of 390, 450 and 550 μmol·mol^-1. The increase in grain yield was slightly greater than that of the biological yield, resulting in an increase in the economical coefficient. The ear characteristics of maize were significantly affected by the two factors. For example, kernels number, kernels weight, ear length and ear diameter were all increased by elevated [CO₂], as well as by an increase in precipitation. However, the shriveled kernels showed a reversed trend of changes. It is noteworthy that the axle diameter was increased by the interactive effects between elevated [CO₂] and an increase in precipitation, which constrained the increase in the grain yield. Moreover, there were highly significant interactive effects between elevated [CO₂] and an increase in precipitation on net photosynthetic rate (P_n) and leaf area (p< 0.01), and significant interactive effects on plant height and dry matter accumulation (p< 0.05). An increased precipitation increasedP_n of the leaves at each [CO₂] level. The results also showed that plant height, ear position height, stem diameter, leaf area were all increased by the interactive effects between the two factors, leading to enhanced dry matter accumulation and the yield. It can be concluded that future elevated [CO₂] may favor the growth of maize if coupled with increasing precipitation.

Key words: ear characteristics, elevated CO₂ concentration, increasing precipitation, maize, yield

MENG Fan-Chao, ZHANG Jia-Hua, YAO Feng-Mei. Interactive effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and increasing precipitation on yield and growth development in maize[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(10): 1064-1073.

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Figures/Tables 7

References 51

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处理 Treatment	平均籽粒产量 Average grain yield (g·plant^-1)	较对照增产 Increase over the CK (%)	平均生物产量 Average biological yield (g·plant^-1)	较对照增产 Increase over the CK (%)	经济系数 Economical coefficient
C₅₅₀W_+15%	337.73^a	9.45	618.31^a	6.49	0.546 2^a
C₅₅₀W₀	308.58^b		580.61^b		0.531 5^abc
C₄₅₀W_+15%	313.02^b	9.95	585.49^b	8.13	0.534 6^ab
C₄₅₀W₀	284.70^c		541.46^c		0.525 9^bc
C₃₉₀W_+15%	277.96^d	15.94	525.95^d	13.06	0.528 5^bc
C₃₉₀W₀(CK)	239.74^e		465.20^e		0.515 5^c

处理 Treatment	平均籽粒产量 Average grain yield (g·plant^-1)	较对照增产 Increase over the CK (%)	平均生物产量 Average biological yield (g·plant^-1)	较对照增产 Increase over the CK (%)	经济系数 Economical coefficient
C₅₅₀W_+15%	337.73^a	9.45	618.31^a	6.49	0.546 2^a
C₅₅₀W₀	308.58^b		580.61^b		0.531 5^abc
C₄₅₀W_+15%	313.02^b	9.95	585.49^b	8.13	0.534 6^ab
C₄₅₀W₀	284.70^c		541.46^c		0.525 9^bc
C₃₉₀W_+15%	277.96^d	15.94	525.95^d	13.06	0.528 5^bc
C₃₉₀W₀(CK)	239.74^e		465.20^e		0.515 5^c

变量 Variable	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration			降水量 Precipitation			交互作用 Interaction
变量 Variable	df	F	p	df	F	p	df	F	p
籽粒产量 Grain yield	2	629.76	0.000	1	455.71	0.000	2	4.50	0.035^*
生物产量 Biological yield	2	413.79	0.000	1	251.51	0.000	2	5.27	0.023^*
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	2	133.12	0.000	1	166.57	0.000	2	12.87	0.000^**
株高 Plant height	2	159.37	0.000	1	125.07	0.000	2	4.23	0.041^*
穗位高 Ear height	2	3.12	0.081	1	2.10	0.173	2	0.07	0.937
茎粗 Stem diameter	2	9.21	0.004	1	4.08	0.066	2	0.19	0.833
叶面积 Leaf area	2	726.76	0.000	1	639.41	0.000	2	30.89	0.000^**
干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	2	582.72	0.000	1	316.37	0.000	2	5.48	0.020^*

变量 Variable	CO₂浓度 CO₂ concentration			降水量 Precipitation			交互作用 Interaction
变量 Variable	df	F	p	df	F	p	df	F	p
籽粒产量 Grain yield	2	629.76	0.000	1	455.71	0.000	2	4.50	0.035^*
生物产量 Biological yield	2	413.79	0.000	1	251.51	0.000	2	5.27	0.023^*
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	2	133.12	0.000	1	166.57	0.000	2	12.87	0.000^**
株高 Plant height	2	159.37	0.000	1	125.07	0.000	2	4.23	0.041^*
穗位高 Ear height	2	3.12	0.081	1	2.10	0.173	2	0.07	0.937
茎粗 Stem diameter	2	9.21	0.004	1	4.08	0.066	2	0.19	0.833
叶面积 Leaf area	2	726.76	0.000	1	639.41	0.000	2	30.89	0.000^**
干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation	2	582.72	0.000	1	316.37	0.000	2	5.48	0.020^*

处理 Treatment	穗粒重 Ear kernels weight (g·ear^-1)		百粒重 100-kernel weight (g)		穗粒数 Kernels per ear		穗行数 Rows per ear		行粒数 Kernels per row
C₅₅₀W_+15%	346.58^a		45.80^a		750.00^a		18.00^a		42.00^a
C₅₅₀W₀	316.34^b		44.13^b		723.67^ab		17.33^a		41.33^ab
C₄₅₀W_+15%	319.29^b		43.93^b		726.00^ab		18.00^a		40.33^ab
C₄₅₀W₀	293.50^bc		43.03^b		685.00^abc		17.33^a		39.33^ab
C₃₉₀W_+15%	275.41^c		40.67^c		680.00^bc		17.33^a		39.00^ab
C₃₉₀W₀(CK)	246.55^d		39.20^d		629.33^c		16.67^a		37.67^b
处理 Treatment	穗长 Ear length (cm)	穗直径 Ear diameter (cm)		穗质量 Ear mass (g)	穗轴直径 diameter (cm)	穗轴质量 Ear axle mass (g)		秃尖长 Barren tip (cm)		穗瘪粒数 Shriveled kernels per ear
C₅₅₀W_+15%	21.83^a	6.32^a		383.78^a	3.11^a	37.20^ab		3.70^ab		2.67^b
C₅₅₀W₀	20.48^b	6.05^b		352.27^b	3.02^ab	35.93^c		3.93^a		17.00^ab
C₄₅₀W_+15%	21.11^ab	6.04^b		356.69^bc	2.93^bc	37.40^a		3.53^bc		2.00^b
C₄₅₀W₀	19.38^c	5.81^c		329.56^cd	2.88^bc	36.07^bc		3.92^a		27.67^a
C₃₉₀W_+15%	18.58^c	5.59^d		310.35^d	2.86^c	34.93^cd		3.31^c		3.67^b
C₃₉₀W₀	17.34^d	5.17^e		280.92^e	2.85^c	34.37^d		3.61^abc		31.00^a

Interactive effects of elevated CO₂ concentration and increasing precipitation on yield and growth development in maize

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	穗位高 Ear height (cm)	茎直径 Stem diameter (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²·plant^-1)	干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation (g·plant^-1)
C₅₅₀W_+15%	310.28^a	149.93^a	3.18^a	10 482.65^a	459.28^a
C₅₅₀W₀	302.54^b	144.86^ab	3.08^ab	9 279.68^c	441.52^b
C₄₅₀W_+15%	306.92^a	146.52^ab	2.98^ab	9 709.42^b	446.07^b
C₄₅₀W₀	293.04^c	143.79^ab	2.88^bc	8 809.41^d	421.54^c
C₃₈₀W_+15%	290.79^c	141.24^ab	2.87^bc	8 538.79^e	410.55^d
C₃₈₀W₀(CK)	275.88^d	136.42^b	2.69^c	8 004.22^f	382.19^e

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[3]	YU Shui-Jin, WANG Juan, ZHANG Chun-Yu, ZHAO Xiu-Hai. Impact and mechanism of maintaining biomass stability in a temperate coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(6): 632-641.
[4]	XIONG Shu-Ping, CAO Wen-Bo, CAO Rui, ZHANG Zhi-Yong, FU Xin-Lu, XU Sai-Jun, PAN Hu-Qiang, WANG Xiao-Chun, MA Xin-Ming. Effects of horizontal structure on canopy vertical structure, microenvironment and yield of Triticum aestivum [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(2): 188-196.
[5]	LIN Yong, CHEN Zhi, YANG Meng, CHEN Shi-Ping, GAO Yan-Hong, LIU Ran, HAO Yan-Bin, XIN Xiao-Ping, ZHOU Li, YU Gui-Rui. Temporal and spatial variations of ecosystem photosynthetic parameters in arid and semi-arid areas of China and its influencing factors [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(12): 1461-1472.
[6]	LI Zhou-Yuan, YE Xiao-Zhou, WANG Shao-Peng. Ecosystem stability and its relationship with biodiversity [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(10): 1127-1139.
[7]	LI Song-Song, WANG Ning-Xin, ZHENG Wei, ZHU Ya-Qiong, WANG Xiang, MA Jun, ZHU Jin-Zhong. Comparison of transgressive overyielding effect and plant diversity effects of annual and perennial legume-grass mixtures [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2021, 45(1): 23-37.
[8]	Qun LI, Cheng-Zhang ZHAO, Lian-Chun ZHAO, Jian-Liang WANG, Wei-Tao ZHANG, Wen-Xiu YAO. Empirical relationship between specific leaf area and thermal dissipation of Phragmites australis in salt marshes of Qinwangchuan [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(9): 985-994.
[9]	Li Yi-Bo, SONG He, ZHOU Li, XU Zhen-Zhu, ZHOU Guang-Sheng. Modeling study on photosynthetic-light response curves of a C₄ plant, maize [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(12): 1289-1300.
[10]	Cheng-Yan ZHENG, Ai-Xing DENG, Hojatollah LATIFMANESH, Zhen-Wei SONG, Jun ZHANG, Li WANG, Wei-Jian ZHANG. Warming impacts on the dry matter accumulation, and translocation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(10): 1060-1068.
[11]	Dan WANG, Yun-Zhou QIAO, Bao-Di DONG, Jing GE, Ping-Guo YANG, Meng-Yu LIU. Differential effects of diurnal asymmetric and symmetric warming on yield and water utilization of soybean [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(8): 827-833.
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[13]	MENG De-Yun,HOU Lin-Lin,YANG Sha,MENG Jing-Jing,GUO Feng,LI Xin-Guo,WAN Shu-Bo. Exogenous polyamines alleviating salt stress on peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) grown in pots [J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(12): 1209-1215.
[14]	ZHANG Jia-Lei,GUO Feng,MENG Jing-Jing,YU Xiao-Xia,YANG Sha,ZHANG Si-Bin,GENG Yun,LI Xin-Guo,WAN Shu-Bo. Effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil [J]. Chin J Plan Ecolo, 2015, 39(11): 1101-1109.
[15]	XIONG Shu-Ping, WANG Jing, WANG Xiao-Chun, DING Shi-Jie, MA Xin-Ming. Effects of tillage and nitrogen addition rate on nitrogen metabolism, grain yield and protein content in wheat in lime concretion black soil region [J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(7): 767-775.