RELATIONSHIPS OF PLANT COMPOSITION,WATER LEVEL AND SOLAR RADIATION IN XIXI WETLAND, HANGZHOU, CHINA

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Xixi wetland is located at the outskirt of Hangzhou, eastern China. Under the influences of human residents, farming and fishing activities for more than one thousand years, Xixi has changed to secondary farming wetland with 70% of the area covered by open water interfaced by narrow dikes and large islets. Urbanization and industrialization during the last 20 years has rapidly shrunken Xixi. We investigated species composition of vascular plants in Xixi to explore: 1) relationships between species composition and habitats, 2) species which should be protected in the restoration of Xixi and methods for their protection, 3) favorable habitats for native and wetland species, and 4) occurrence and effects of invasive exotic species in different habitats and methods for their control.
Methods The herbaceous habitats of Xixi were classified into five types based on plant composition, water level, and solar radiation: blazing high dike (BHD), shading high dike (SHD), blazing low dike (BLD), blazing high islet (BHI), and blazing low islet (BLI). Community composition of the five habitats was studied by quadrat sampling method. Important values (IV) were used to calculate diversity indices and DCA ordination. A total of 26 sites with 234 m² quadrats were sampled in this study.
Important findings There were 119 vascular species belonging to 103 genera and 44 families. Among them, 108 species were native, 11 were invasive exotic; 50 were wetland plants; 6 were legumes, and 35 were grasses or grasses relatives. Results showed that BHD, SHD, BLD, BHI had greater plant species richness than BLI, and BHD had the greatest native species and woody species richness. Invasive exotic species and wetland plant species were prevalent in BLI, and common in BHD, SHD, BLD and BHI. BHD may be in favor of the protection of native species, and may be good for resisting the invasion of exotic species, but may be an unfavorable habitat for wetland plants, BLI was reversed. BLD could maintain moderately native plant species richness and had higher proportions of herbs and wetland plant species. Therefore, well-managed BLD should be emphasized in Xixi for protection and enhancement of native vegetation diversity and wetland plant species richness. The invasive exotic species, such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, which were harmful to the landscape or harmful to maintain native species diversity, must be removed periodically.

Key words: species diversity, invasive exotic species, community composition, DCA ordination, functional groups, Xixi wetland

SHEN Qi, LIU Ke, LI Shi-Yu, ZHANG Jun, JIANG Yue-Ping, GE Ying, CHANG Jie. RELATIONSHIPS OF PLANT COMPOSITION,WATER LEVEL AND SOLAR RADIATION IN XIXI WETLAND, HANGZHOU, CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(1): 114-122.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.013

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2008/V32/I1/114

Figures/Tables 8

References 22

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生境类型 Habitats	特征描述 Character description	样方重复数量 Numbers of replicated quadrates
光照强地势高的基(强光高基) Blazing high dike (BHD)	宽1~3 m、长≥10 m,狭长条带;强光照;垂直距离水面≥2.0 m Long narrow strip; 1-3 m in width, more than 10 m in length; blazing; vertically equal to or more than 2 m high from ground water level	5
光照强地势低的基(强光低基) Blazing low dike (BLD)	宽1~3 m、长≥10 m,狭长条带; 强光照;垂直距离水面≤1.0 m Long narrow strip; 1-3 m in width, more than 10 m in length; blazing; vertically equal to less than 1.0 m high from ground water level	5
光照弱地势高的基(弱光高基) Shading high dike (SHD)	宽1~3 m、长≥10 m,狭长条带;有遮荫;垂直距离水面≥2.0 m Long narrow strip; 1-3 m in width, more than 10 m in length; shading; vertically equal to or more than 2 m high from ground water level	4
光照强地势高的渚(强光高渚) Blazing high islet (BHI)	面积较大,成方形的地块;强光照;垂直距离水面≥2.0 m Large squares; blazing; vertically equal to or more than 2 m high from ground water level	6
光照强地势低的渚(强光低渚) Blazing low islet (BLI)	面积较大,成方形的地块;强光照;垂直距离水面≤1.0 m Large squares; blazing; vertically equal to less than 1.0 m high from ground water level	6

生境类型 Habitats	特征描述 Character description	样方重复数量 Numbers of replicated quadrates
光照强地势高的基(强光高基) Blazing high dike (BHD)	宽1~3 m、长≥10 m,狭长条带;强光照;垂直距离水面≥2.0 m Long narrow strip; 1-3 m in width, more than 10 m in length; blazing; vertically equal to or more than 2 m high from ground water level	5
光照强地势低的基(强光低基) Blazing low dike (BLD)	宽1~3 m、长≥10 m,狭长条带; 强光照;垂直距离水面≤1.0 m Long narrow strip; 1-3 m in width, more than 10 m in length; blazing; vertically equal to less than 1.0 m high from ground water level	5
光照弱地势高的基(弱光高基) Shading high dike (SHD)	宽1~3 m、长≥10 m,狭长条带;有遮荫;垂直距离水面≥2.0 m Long narrow strip; 1-3 m in width, more than 10 m in length; shading; vertically equal to or more than 2 m high from ground water level	4
光照强地势高的渚(强光高渚) Blazing high islet (BHI)	面积较大,成方形的地块;强光照;垂直距离水面≥2.0 m Large squares; blazing; vertically equal to or more than 2 m high from ground water level	6
光照强地势低的渚(强光低渚) Blazing low islet (BLI)	面积较大,成方形的地块;强光照;垂直距离水面≤1.0 m Large squares; blazing; vertically equal to less than 1.0 m high from ground water level	6

	强光高基 BHD	弱光高基 SHD	强光低基 BLD	强光高渚 BHI	强光低渚 BLI
喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides		√	√	√	√
鸡屎藤 Paederia scandens	√		√	√	√
爵床 Rostellularia procumbens	√	√	√	√
狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon	√		√	√
丝茅 Imperata koenigii		√	√	√
显子草 Phaenosperma globosa		√	√		√
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis		√		√
牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata	√	√
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	√	√
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	√	√
野塘蒿 Conyza bonariensis				√	√
忍冬 Lonicera japonica	√		√
石荠 Mosla scabra	√				√
野蔷薇 Rosa multiflora		√	√
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	√			√
垂穗苔草 Carex dimorpholepis					√
芦荻 Miscanthus sacchariflorus			√
芦苇 Phragmites australis					√
水蓼 Polygonum hydropiper					√
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum					√

	强光高基 BHD	弱光高基 SHD	强光低基 BLD	强光高渚 BHI	强光低渚 BLI
喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides		√	√	√	√
鸡屎藤 Paederia scandens	√		√	√	√
爵床 Rostellularia procumbens	√	√	√	√
狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon	√		√	√
丝茅 Imperata koenigii		√	√	√
显子草 Phaenosperma globosa		√	√		√
铁苋菜 Acalypha australis		√		√
牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata	√	√
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	√	√
构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	√	√
野塘蒿 Conyza bonariensis				√	√
忍冬 Lonicera japonica	√		√
石荠 Mosla scabra	√				√
野蔷薇 Rosa multiflora		√	√
狗尾草 Setaria viridis	√			√
垂穗苔草 Carex dimorpholepis					√
芦荻 Miscanthus sacchariflorus			√
芦苇 Phragmites australis					√
水蓼 Polygonum hydropiper					√
杠板归 Polygonum perfoliatum					√

重要值IV	全部样方 Total	强光高基 BHD	弱光高基 BHD	强光低基 BLD	强光高渚 BHI	强光低渚 BLI
阔叶类草本植物 Forbs	1.24±0.43	0.88±0.18^b	1.23±0.29^b	0.95±0.39^ab	1.55±0.40^a	1.53±0.27^a
禾草及类禾草 Grasses or grasses relatives	1.25±0.36	1.14±0.33	1.10±0.25	1.48±0.37	1.38±0.33	1.21±0.42
豆科植物 Legumes	0.07±0.11	0.17±0.16	0.03±0.062	0.08±0.17	0.05±0.05	0.02±0.050
本土植物 Native	2.59±0.24	2.79±0.14^a	2.81±0.16^a	2.75±0.033^a	2.43±0.16^b	2.29±0.11^b
入侵菊科植物 Invasive exotic species of Compositae	0.22±0.17	0.15b±0.12^b	0.11±0.13^bc	0.09±0.094^c	0.29±0.16^ab	0.38±0.17^a
入侵喜旱莲子草 Invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides	0.18±0.14	0.04±0.041^d	0.07±0.062^cd	0.16±0.076^bc	0.23±0.15^ab	0.34±0.098^a