Ecological stoichiometry characteristics and homeostasis analysis of plant roots and soil in coastal wetlands at different latitudes

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0441

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims This study aimed to reveal variations in ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plant roots and soils in coastal wetlands along a latitudinal gradient, to examine root stoichiometric homeostasis, and to explore the coupling relationships between root stoichiometry and environmental factors.

Methods Plant and soil samples were collected from seven coastal wetlands across China spanning a latitudinal range from 19.87° to 41.03° N. The contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were measured in aboveground plant parts, roots, and soils. The relationships between plant root stoichiometric characteristics and environmental factors were further analyzed.

Important findings Latitudinally driven environmental changes significantly influenced soil nutrient conditions, with soil nutrients in high-latitude coastal wetlands generally lower than those in low-latitude regions. The contents of soil organic carbon (<11.1 g·kg^-1) and total nitrogen (<1.1 g·kg^-1) north of Hangzhou Bay were lower than the national average. The C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics of plant roots in coastal wetlands were relatively sensitive to latitudinal variation. These variations were closely related to soil nutrient conditions and varied among plant species. The root C content of Spartina alterniflora was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil nutrient conditions. The root C contents of Phragmites australis and × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter were significantly negatively correlated with soil nutrient conditions, whereas the root C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios of Suaeda salsa were significantly positively correlated with soil nutrient conditions. The six plant species also exhibited significant differences in root stoichiometric homeostasis, with the strength of homeostasis decreasing in the order of Avicennia marina, Phragmites australis, Spartina alterniflora, × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Suaeda salsa. These results elucidate nutrient dynamics and plant adaptive strategies in plant-soil systems along latitudinal gradients and provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration in coastal wetland ecosystems.

Key words: latitude gradient, plant roots, ecological stoichiometry, homeostasis, coastal wetland

ZHANG Jing-Wen, LI Jing, WANG Ru-Miao, WANG He-Nian, CUI Li-Juan. Ecological stoichiometry characteristics and homeostasis analysis of plant roots and soil in coastal wetlands at different latitudes[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(2): 461-473.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2026/V50/I2/461

Figures/Tables 7

References 56

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采样地 Sampling site	纬度 Latitude (° N)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	气候带 Climatic zone	采集植物种类 Collection of plant species	样品数 Number of samples
盘锦辽河口 Liaohe Estuary	41.03	9.5	655	暖温带 Warm temperate	盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	10
盘锦辽河口 Liaohe Estuary	41.03	9.5	655		芦苇 Phragmites australis	10
黄河口 Huang He (Yellow River) Estuary	37.70	13.2	535		盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	14
					芦苇 Phragmites australis
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
江苏盐城 Yancheng Estuary	33.57	14.4	1 015	亚热带 Subtropical	盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	19
					芦苇 Phragmites australis
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
					海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter
杭州湾 Hangzhou Bay	30.30	16.7	1 435		盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	19
					芦苇 Phragmites australis
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
					海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter
闽江口 Minjiang Estuary	26.02	19.9	1 428		芦苇 Phragmites australis	16
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
					海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter
漳江口 Zhangjiang Estuary	23.85	21.7	1 831		互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	14
					蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum
					海榄雌 Avicennia marina
东寨港 Dongzhai Harbor	19.87	24.4	1 696		蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	10
东寨港 Dongzhai Harbor	19.87	24.4	1 696		海榄雌 Avicennia marina	10

采样地 Sampling site	纬度 Latitude (° N)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	气候带 Climatic zone	采集植物种类 Collection of plant species	样品数 Number of samples
盘锦辽河口 Liaohe Estuary	41.03	9.5	655	暖温带 Warm temperate	盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	10
盘锦辽河口 Liaohe Estuary	41.03	9.5	655		芦苇 Phragmites australis	10
黄河口 Huang He (Yellow River) Estuary	37.70	13.2	535		盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	14
					芦苇 Phragmites australis
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
江苏盐城 Yancheng Estuary	33.57	14.4	1 015	亚热带 Subtropical	盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	19
					芦苇 Phragmites australis
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
					海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter
杭州湾 Hangzhou Bay	30.30	16.7	1 435		盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	19
					芦苇 Phragmites australis
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
					海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter
闽江口 Minjiang Estuary	26.02	19.9	1 428		芦苇 Phragmites australis	16
					互花米草 Spartina alterniflora
					海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter
漳江口 Zhangjiang Estuary	23.85	21.7	1 831		互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	14
					蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum
					海榄雌 Avicennia marina
东寨港 Dongzhai Harbor	19.87	24.4	1 696		蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	10
东寨港 Dongzhai Harbor	19.87	24.4	1 696		海榄雌 Avicennia marina	10

植物种类 Species		变异系数 Variation coefficient (%)
植物种类 Species		地上部分 Aboveground	根系 Root	土壤 Soil
蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	C	6.42	8.79	18.21
	N	8.48	13.22	79.18
	P	21.35	25.59	34.72
	C:N	6.68	8.01	115.08
	C:P	20.15	42.89	49.85
	N:P	14.30	17.03	73.66
海榄雌 Avicennia marina	C	6.23	8.71	36.50
	N	6.98	9.42	49.82
	P	14.30	16.14	113.68
	C:N	9.69	10.13	45.65
	C:P	20.86	23.43	97.34
	N:P	13.23	21.44	60.05
互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	C	3.17	8.29	61.43
	N	14.45	16.04	58.46
	P	14.15	21.03	44.63
	C:N	15.80	24.43	34.03
	C:P	13.09	30.36	82.03
	N:P	12.97	14.90	51.65
芦苇 Phragmites australis	C	1.74	6.04	97.72
	N	10.68	30.71	87.43
	P	13.44	22.50	38.10
	C:N	10.08	20.35	74.59
	C:P	14.33	22.25	77.76
	N:P	20.16	31.26	72.73
海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter	C	4.68	7.97	93.50
	N	11.39	13.82	47.54
	P	7.90	28.19	40.87
	C:N	15.73	21.21	58.88
	C:P	4.62	38.16	75.36
	N:P	13.30	17.60	33.22
盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	C	9.88	9.97	42.05
	N	15.15	18.48	55.48
	P	8.09	36.94	30.92
	C:N	15.94	10.69	27.02
	C:P	28.98	46.22	52.42
	N:P	36.83	52.98	59.61

植物种类 Species		变异系数 Variation coefficient (%)
植物种类 Species		地上部分 Aboveground	根系 Root	土壤 Soil
蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	C	6.42	8.79	18.21
	N	8.48	13.22	79.18
	P	21.35	25.59	34.72
	C:N	6.68	8.01	115.08
	C:P	20.15	42.89	49.85
	N:P	14.30	17.03	73.66
海榄雌 Avicennia marina	C	6.23	8.71	36.50
	N	6.98	9.42	49.82
	P	14.30	16.14	113.68
	C:N	9.69	10.13	45.65
	C:P	20.86	23.43	97.34
	N:P	13.23	21.44	60.05
互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	C	3.17	8.29	61.43
	N	14.45	16.04	58.46
	P	14.15	21.03	44.63
	C:N	15.80	24.43	34.03
	C:P	13.09	30.36	82.03
	N:P	12.97	14.90	51.65
芦苇 Phragmites australis	C	1.74	6.04	97.72
	N	10.68	30.71	87.43
	P	13.44	22.50	38.10
	C:N	10.08	20.35	74.59
	C:P	14.33	22.25	77.76
	N:P	20.16	31.26	72.73
海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter	C	4.68	7.97	93.50
	N	11.39	13.82	47.54
	P	7.90	28.19	40.87
	C:N	15.73	21.21	58.88
	C:P	4.62	38.16	75.36
	N:P	13.30	17.60	33.22
盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	C	9.88	9.97	42.05
	N	15.15	18.48	55.48
	P	8.09	36.94	30.92
	C:N	15.94	10.69	27.02
	C:P	28.98	46.22	52.42
	N:P	36.83	52.98	59.61

植物种类 Species	变量x Variable x	变量y Variable y	R² (p)	内稳性指数 Homeostasis index (1/H)	内稳性等级 Homeostasis grade
蜡烛果 Aegiceras corniculatum	C_soil	C_root	0.647 1 (0.054)	0.118 4	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	N_soil	N_root	0.767 3 (0.029)	-0.020 1	稳态 Homeostatic
	P_soil	P_root	0.699 2 (0.038)	-0.359 2	弱稳态 Weakly homeostatic
	C:N_soil	C:N_root	0.318 2 (0.244)	-0.037 4	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:P_soil	C:P_root	0.882 2 (0.005)	-0.345 1	弱稳态 Weakly homeostatic
	N:P_soil	N:P_root	0.062 5 (0.633)	0.084 1	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
海榄雌 Avicennia marina	C_soil	C_root	0.003 2 (0.943)	-0.026 7	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	N_soil	N_root	0.840 1 (0.083)	-0.058 5	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	P_soil	P_root	0.573 0 (0.243)	0.031 6	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:N_soil	C:N_root	0.890 2 (0.056)	0.098 1	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:P_soil	C:P_root	0.680 5 (0.175)	0.106 6	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	N:P_soil	N:P_root	0.592 3 (0.230)	0.085 5	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
互花米草 Spartina alterniflora	C_soil	C_root	0.287 6 (0.004)	0.057 7	稳态 Homeostatic
	N_soil	N_root	0.190 9 (0.023)	0.117 2	稳态 Homeostatic
	P_soil	P_root	0.043 4 (0.297)	0.098 5	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:N_soil	C:N_root	0.065 5 (0.198)	0.081 6	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:P_soil	C:P_root	0.000 1 (0.958)	0.059 0	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	N:P_soil	N:P_root	0.002 2 (0.817)	0.041 1	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
芦苇 Phragmites australis	C_soil	C_root	0.287 7 (0.039)	-0.018 3	稳态 Homeostatic
	N_soil	N_root	0.113 3 (0.220)	-0.009 4	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	P_soil	P_root	0.087 8 (0.283)	-0.072 4	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:N_soil	C:N_root	0.049 8 (0.424)	0.051 6	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:P_soil	C:P_root	0.056 3 (0.395)	-0.062 6	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	N:P_soil	N:P_root	0.087 7 (0.284)	-0.041 2	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
海三棱藨草 × Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter	C_soil	C_root	0.272 9 (0.031)	-0.010 5	稳态 Homeostatic
	N_soil	N_root	0.168 6 (0.102)	0.039 5	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	P_soil	P_root	0.084 0 (0.259)	-0.219 8	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:N_soil	C:N_root	0.090 6 (0.240)	-0.021 8	绝对稳态 Strictly homeostatic
	C:P_soil	C:P_root	0.358 0 (0.011)	-0.060 1	稳态 Homeostatic
	N:P_soil	N:P_root	0.454 1 (0.003)	-0.188 2	稳态 Homeostatic
盐地碱蓬 Suaeda salsa	C_soil	C_root	0.118 2 (0.012)	0.063 1	稳态 Homeostatic
	N_soil	N_root	0.411 4 (0.000)	0.204 0	稳态 Homeostatic
	P_soil	P_root	0.141 2 (0.031)	0.480 6	弱稳态 Weakly homeostatic
	C:N_soil	C:N_root	0.320 1 (0.001)	0.234 3	稳态 Homeostatic
	C:P_soil	C:P_root	0.285 8 (0.001)	0.469 1	弱稳态 Weakly homeostatic
	N:P_soil	N:P_root	0.535 5 (0.000)	0.609 1	弱敏感态 Weakly plastic