Effects of straw and biochar addition on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry in Jasminum sambac plant and soil

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0398

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in different plant organs and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics are important for understanding of the relationships among soil nutrients in their cycling process. The purpose of this study was to explore the variations of ecological stoichiometry of plant and soil C, N, and P in a jasmine (Jasminum sambac) plantation and their stoichiometric homeostasis under three different treatments.

Methods We set up three treatments: control, straw addition and biochar addition, and measured growth characteristic parameters of jasmine and C, N, P contents in different jasmine organs and in the soil and then analyzed their ecological stoichiometric characteristics.

Important findings Results showed that compared to the control, the straw addition treatment significantly increased the leaf biomass of jasmine by 73.33%, and decreased the soil salinity and soil temperature by 37.04% and 1.41%, respectively. Additionally, the biochar addition treatment significantly increased the plant height, leaf area, leaf and stem biomass of jasmine by 26.11%, 29.42%, 239.59% and 96.04%, while the soil density and soil temperature were significantly lower under the biochar addition treatment than under the control by 18.33% and 1.79%, respectively. Under different treatments, there was no significant difference in leaf or stem C content, or leaf N content. Root and soil C and N contents were significantly higher under biochar addition treatment than under straw addition and control treatments. The P contents of jasmine leaf, stem, root were in the order of biochar addition treatment > control treatment > straw addition treatment, while the soil P content was in the order of biochar addition treatment > straw addition treatment > control treatment. Compared with the control treatment, the biochar addition treatment decreased the C:P of leaf, stem, root and soil, and significantly decreased the N:P of jasmine leaf and stem, while increasing the N:P of root and soil. The overall internal stability of C, N, and P in different organs of jasmine was in the order of C > N > P, and the C:N, C:P and N:P were in the order of N:P > C:P > C:N. In summary, the application of biochar addition increased the absorption and assimilation of N and P by above-ground plants, and further promoted the C sequestration and homeostasis in the plant-soil system.

Key words: straw, biochar, soil, ecological stoichiometry, jasmine plantation

LIN Shao-Ying, ZENG Yu, YANG Wen-Wen, CHEN Bin, RUAN Min-Min, YIN Xiao-Lei, YANG Xiang, WANG Wei-Qi. Effects of straw and biochar addition on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus ecological stoichiometry in Jasminum sambac plant and soil[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(4): 530-545.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0398

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I4/530

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Content of major nutrient elements in the straw and biochar (g·kg-1)

添加物 Addition material	碳 Carbon	氮 Nitrogen	磷 Phosphorus	钙 Calcium	铁 Iron	钾 Potassium	镁 Magnesium	硫 Sulfur
秸秆 Straw	359.63	20.10	0.31	6.59	3.82	10.07	3.90	1.90
生物炭 Biochar	422.53	10.49	1.56	19.09	4.82	18.01	8.52	1.68

Table 2 Growth characteristic parameters of Jasminum sambac under different treatments (mean ± SE)

添加处理 Addition treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	根长 Root length (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	生物量 Biomass (g·m^-2)
添加处理 Addition treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	根长 Root length (cm)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	根 Root
对照 Control	67.40 ± 6.37^b	17.06 ± 1.16^a	26.99 ± 2.66^b	196.71 ± 37.12^c	854.57 ± 62.17^b	251.71 ± 31.81^a
秸秆 Straw	69.80 ± 6.37^ab	17.76 ± 1.56^a	32.29 ± 2.56^ab	340.97 ± 42.67^b	654.74 ± 52.61^c	226.34 ± 69.51^a
生物炭 Biochar	85.00 ± 6.37^a	20.52 ± 1.59^a	34.93 ± 1.83^a	668.00 ± 37.48^a	1 675.29 ± 75.92^a	219.43 ± 33.92^a

Table 3 Soil physical and chemical characteristics of a Jasminum sambac plantation under different treatments (mean ± SE)

添加处理 Addition treatment	pH	盐度 Salinity (mS·cm^-1)	密度 Density (g·cm^-3)	含水量 Water content (%)	土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)
对照 Control	5.42 ± 0.25^b	0.27 ± 0.03^a	1.20 ± 0.05^a	21.65 ± 1.40^ab	26.86 ± 0.15^a
秸秆 Straw	5.27 ± 0.16^b	0.17 ± 0.01^b	1.15 ± 0.04^a	19.54 ± 0.49^b	26.48 ± 0.13^b
生物炭 Biochar	6.10 ± 0.24^a	0.30 ± 0.04^a	0.98 ± 0.05^b	23.54 ± 1.30^a	26.38 ± 0.03^b

Fig. 1 Effects of straw and biochar addition on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents and stoichiometric ratio (mean ± SD) of C, N, P of jasmine (Jasminum sambac) plant and soil. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among addition treatments (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between the plant organs and soil (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2 Principal component (PC) analysis on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents (A) and stoichiometric ratio (B) of jasmine (Jasminum sambac) plant and soil under different addition treatments. SD, soil density; ST, soil temperature; WC, soil water content.

Fig. 3 Pearson’s correlation coefficient between environmental factors and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents (A) and their stoichiometric ratios (B) in jasmine (Jasminum sambac) plant and soil. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. L, leaf; R, root; S, stem. SD, soil density; ST, soil temperature; WC, soil water content.

Fig. 4 Linear fitting of jasmine (Jasminum sambac) carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents and their stoichiometric ratios in different plant organs and soils.

Fig. 5 Stoichiometric homeostasis index between different organs of jasmine (Jasminum sambac) (A) and different addition treatments (B) to soil. L, leaf; P, plant; R, root; S, stem. Bi, biochar addition; CK, control; St, straw addition. H, homeostasis. C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus.

Fig. 6 A conceptual model of nutrient characteristics of jasmine (Jasminum sambac) plant and soil under three different treatments.

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