Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and anatomical properties of stomata and xylem in poplars

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00094

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were previously reported to afford some plant species with greater resistance to drought stress. Most of the mycorrhizal studies have been focused on physiological responses of host plants affected by AMF. However, characteristics of stomata, vessel and fibre are also closely related to plant water use efficiency. Hence, this study was conducted to examine the effects of AMF on anatomical properties of stomata and xylem in poplars.
Methods A controlled pot-experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of an AMF, Rhizophagus irregularis, on the anatomical properties of stomata and xylem in Populus × canadensis (P. nigra × P. deltoides) ‘Neva’ under drought and well watered conditions.
Important findings Results showed that AMF increased the biomass production, stomatal length, vessel diameter and fibre length of the poplar seedlings. The effects of AMF on biomass and vessel diameter were greater under drought condition than under well watered condition; whereas the effects on stomatal length were greater under well watered condition than under drought condition. AMF imposed a positive effect on stomatal density and a negative effect on fibre length, but did not affect water deficit in seedlings under well watered condition. Under drought, the effects of AMF were positive on fibre diameter, negative on water deficit, and not significant on stomatal density. In summary, the effects of AMF on vessel properties were greater under drought condition than under well watered condition; whereas the effects on stomatal properties were stronger under well watered condition than under drought condition. This might be beneficial for plants to maintain water and reduce water deficit when suffering from drought. Hence, AMF could promote the drought tolerance in poplars.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, drought, fibre, poplar, stoma, vessel

LIU Ting,TANG Ming. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and anatomical properties of stomata and xylem in poplars[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(9): 1001-1007.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00094

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Figures/Tables 4

References 30

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处理 Treatments		侵染率 Colonization (%)	干生物量 Dry biomass (g·pot^-1)
处理 Treatments		侵染率 Colonization (%)	地上部分 Aboveground	地下部分 Belowground
正常水分 Well watered	未接种 No-inoculated	0	4.90 ± 0.93^b	1.25 ± 0.16^b
正常水分 Well watered	接种 Inoculated	86.2	6.71 ± 0.51^a	1.71 ± 0.15^a
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	未接种 No-inoculated	0	4.79 ± 0.90^b	1.21 ± 0.20^b
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	接种 Inoculated	87.3	6.76 ± 0.28^a	1.77 ± 0.16^a
显著性 Significance	接种 Inoculated	-	**	**
	干旱 Drought	-	ns	ns
	接种×干旱 Inoculated × drought	-	ns	ns

处理 Treatments		侵染率 Colonization (%)	干生物量 Dry biomass (g·pot^-1)
处理 Treatments		侵染率 Colonization (%)	地上部分 Aboveground	地下部分 Belowground
正常水分 Well watered	未接种 No-inoculated	0	4.90 ± 0.93^b	1.25 ± 0.16^b
正常水分 Well watered	接种 Inoculated	86.2	6.71 ± 0.51^a	1.71 ± 0.15^a
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	未接种 No-inoculated	0	4.79 ± 0.90^b	1.21 ± 0.20^b
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	接种 Inoculated	87.3	6.76 ± 0.28^a	1.77 ± 0.16^a
显著性 Significance	接种 Inoculated	-	**	**
	干旱 Drought	-	ns	ns
	接种×干旱 Inoculated × drought	-	ns	ns

处理 Treatment		上表皮气孔长度 Stomatal length in upper epidermis (μm)	下表皮气孔长度 Stomatal length in lower epidermis (μm)	上表皮气孔密度 Stomatal density in upper epidermis (ind.·mm^-2)	下表皮气孔密度 Stomatal density in lower epidermis (ind.·mm^-2)
正常水分 Well watered	未接种 No-inoculated	26.91 ± 1.87^b	22.80 ± 2.80^b	79 ± 10^b	180 ± 19^b
正常水分 Well watered	接种 Inoculated	30.43 ± 2.58^a	24.31 ± 1.60^a	88 ± 10^a	192 ± 16^a
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	未接种 No-inoculated	25.96 ± 2.42^b	21.94 ± 2.46^b	86 ± 10^a	178 ± 12^b
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	接种 Inoculated	29.07 ± 2.53^a	23.26 ± 2.76^a	86 ± 12^a	176 ± 18^b
显著性 Significance	接种 Inoculated	**	**	ns	ns
	干旱 Drought	ns	ns	ns	*
	接种×干旱 Inoculated × drought	ns	ns	*	ns

处理 Treatment		上表皮气孔长度 Stomatal length in upper epidermis (μm)	下表皮气孔长度 Stomatal length in lower epidermis (μm)	上表皮气孔密度 Stomatal density in upper epidermis (ind.·mm^-2)	下表皮气孔密度 Stomatal density in lower epidermis (ind.·mm^-2)
正常水分 Well watered	未接种 No-inoculated	26.91 ± 1.87^b	22.80 ± 2.80^b	79 ± 10^b	180 ± 19^b
正常水分 Well watered	接种 Inoculated	30.43 ± 2.58^a	24.31 ± 1.60^a	88 ± 10^a	192 ± 16^a
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	未接种 No-inoculated	25.96 ± 2.42^b	21.94 ± 2.46^b	86 ± 10^a	178 ± 12^b
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	接种 Inoculated	29.07 ± 2.53^a	23.26 ± 2.76^a	86 ± 12^a	176 ± 18^b
显著性 Significance	接种 Inoculated	**	**	ns	ns
	干旱 Drought	ns	ns	ns	*
	接种×干旱 Inoculated × drought	ns	ns	*	ns

处理 Treatment		导管细胞直径 Vessel diameter (μm)	导管细胞长度 Vessel length (μm)	纤维细胞直径 Fibre diameter (μm)	纤维细胞长度 Fibre length (μm)
正常水分 Well watered	未接种 No-inoculated	44.59 ± 2.72^b	301.04 ± 17.87^a	11.32 ± 1.11^a	619.98 ± 19.54^b
正常水分 Well watered	接种 Inoculated	49.00 ± 4.00^a	304.71 ± 18.77^a	10.53 ± 0.89^c	649.70 ± 22.81^a
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	未接种 No-inoculated	44.00 ± 2.93^b	303.97 ± 19.16^a	10.49 ± 0.95^c	617.23 ± 21.65^b
干旱胁迫 Drought stress	接种 Inoculated	49.33 ± 2.86^a	303.40 ± 17.97^a	11.02 ± 0.63^b	645.86 ± 20.43^a
显著性 Significance	接种 Inoculated	**	ns	ns	**
	干旱 Drought	ns	ns	ns	ns
	接种×干旱 Inoculated × drought	ns	ns	**	ns