Divergent responses of non-structural carbohydrates in Phoebe bournei and Schima superba to different heat wave patterns

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0167

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The storage and regulation mechanisms of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plants reflect the response of plant growth and metabolism to environmental changes. In the scenario of global warming, the increasing frequency of extreme climate events such as heat wave, which is bound to affect the carbon budget and carbon distribution of plants. However, the effects of complex heat wave patterns (different frequency and interval time) on the distribution and regulation mechanism of NSC among different plant organs are still unclear. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of carbon budget at the level of plant organs under heat waves.

Methods We conducted the simulated heat wave events through the combined action of open top chamber (OTC) and electric heater to examine the changes and distributions of NSC content and biomass among organs (stems, leaves and roots) of Phoebe bournei and Schima superba.Five different heat wave frequency and interval treatments were set, including no heat wave (CK), one heat wave (HW), two heat wave interval of 7 days (2HW₇), two heat wave interval of 30 days (2HW₃₀) and two heat wave interval of 45 days (2HW₄₅).

Important findings (1) The repeated heat wave (2HW₇)significantly increased soluble sugar content in stems of P. bournei, but had no significant effect on soluble sugar and NSC contents in roots and leaves. 2HW₇ significantly increased starch content in the stem and root of S. superba, but had no significant effect on soluble sugar and NSC contents. These results indicated that the NSC allocation and regulation in different broad-leaved tree species and organs response to heat waves were divergent. (2) NSC content in P. bournei stem under 2HW₃₀ and 2HW₄₅ were significantly lower than 2HW₇, and starch content in S. superba stem and root were also significantly lower than 2HW₇, which was no significant difference with CK. These results suggested that multiple heat waves exist a cumulative effect. The magnitude of the cumulative effect was closely related to the heat wave interval time. (3) The biomass of all P. bournei organs in 2HW₇ treatment group was significantly increased, while the biomass of stem and root of S. superba showed no significant differences under different heat wave patterns, suggesting that P. bournei increased the storage of NSC and distributed to all organs to resist the heat wave stress, while S. superba stored photosynthetic products as starch only in leaf to resist the heat wave stress. Our results revealed that heat waves with different frequencies and intervals had an accumulative effect on plants, and the ability of plant to cope with heat wave stress via regulating NSC content in different organs was related to the accumulative effect.

Key words: heat wave, cumulative effect, extreme climate, non-structural carbohydrate, carbon balance

YU Hai-Xia, QU Lu-Ping, TANG Xing-Hao, LIU Nan, ZHANG Zi-Lei, WANG Hao, WANG Yi-Xuan, SHAO Chang-Liang, DONG Gang, HU Ya-Lin. Divergent responses of non-structural carbohydrates in Phoebe bournei and Schima superba to different heat wave patterns[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(2): 249-261.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0167

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I2/249

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Daily mean air temperature variation and increasing range in different heat wave treatment during the experiment (A, B) and the illustration of air temperature diurnal variation and increasing range during a heat wave simulation period (C, D). 2HW7, two heat wave interval of 7 days; 2HW30, two heat wave interval of 30 days; 2HW45, two heat wave interval of 45 days; CK, no heat wave; HW, one heat wave. A3, the day after heat wave; B1, the day before heat wave; H1, the first day of heat wave; H2, the second day of heat wave; H3, the third day of heat wave.

Table 1 Results of three-way ANOVA of plant non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content and their allocation under different heatwave treatments, tree species and organs

指标 Index	df	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (mg·g^-1)	淀粉含量 Starch content (mg·g^-1)	NSC含量 NSC content (mg·g^-1)
热浪处理 Heat wave (a)	4	0.173	<0.001	0.015
树种 Species (b)	1	<0.001	0.534	<0.001
器官 Organs (c)	2	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
热浪处理×树种 a × b	4	0.682	0.009	0.350
热浪处理×器官 a × c	8	0.554	0.305	0.569
树种×器官 b × c	2	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
热浪处理×树种×器官 a × b × c	8	0.765	0.321	0.832

Fig. 2 Effects of different heat wave patterns on soluble sugar and starch contents in different organs of Phoebe bournei and Schima superba (mean ± SE). 2HW7, two heat wave interval of 7 days; 2HW30, two heat wave interval of 30 days; 2HW45, two heat wave interval of 45 days; CK, no heat wave; HW, one heat wave. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same organs (p < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among different organs in the same species (p < 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effects of different heat wave patterns on non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content in different organs of Phoebe bournei and Schima superba (mean ± SE). 2HW7, two heat wave interval of 7 days; 2HW30, two heat wave interval of 30 days; 2HW45, two heat wave interval of 45 days; CK, no heat wave; HW, one heat wave. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Results of two-way ANOVA of different plant biomass influenced by heat wave treatments and tree species

指标 Index	df	p
指标 Index	df	茎生物量 Stem biomass (g)	叶生物量 Leaf biomass (g)	根生物量 Root biomass (g)	总生物量 Total biomass (g)	根冠比 Root:shoot
热浪处理 Heat wave	4	0.034	0.107	0.004	0.015	0.172
树种 Species	1	<0.001	<0.001	0.005	<0.001	0.159
热浪处理×树种 Heat wave × species	4	0.144	0.298	0.687	0.244	0.975

Fig. 4 Effects of different heat wave patterns on different organ biomass and root:shoot of Phoebe bournei and Schima superba (mean ± SE). 2HW7, two heat wave interval of 7 days; 2HW30, two heat wave interval of 30 days; 2HW45, two heat wave interval of 45 days; CK, no heat wave; HW, one heat wave. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).

Fig. 5 Effects of different heat wave patterns on the percentage changes of biomass and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content in different organs of Phoebe bournei and Schima superba (mean ± SE). Percentage changes were calculated by the difference between treatment and control group; ΔBiomass, the biomass percentage changes response to different heat wave patterns; ΔNSC, the NSC content percentage changes response to different heat wave patterns. 2HW7, two heat wave interval of 7 days; 2HW30, two heat wave interval of 30 days; 2HW45, two heat wave interval of 45 days; HW, one heat wave. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).

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