Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 844-857.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0489 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2022.0489
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WANG Xiao-Ying1,2,5, SUN Zhi-Gao1,2,3,*(), CHEN Bing-Bing1,4, WU Hui-Hui1,2, ZHANG Dang-Yu1,2
Received:
2022-12-05
Accepted:
2023-08-03
Online:
2024-07-20
Published:
2023-08-31
Contact:
* SUN Zhi-Gao(Supported by:
WANG Xiao-Ying, SUN Zhi-Gao, CHEN Bing-Bing, WU Hui-Hui, ZHANG Dang-Yu. Ex situ decomposition and phosphorus release characteristics of Spartina alterniflora litter in Minjiang estuary[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(7): 844-857.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0489
残体类型 Litter type | 总碳(C)含量 Total carbon (C) concentration (mg·g-1) | 总氮(N)含量 Total nitrogen (N) concentration (mg·g-1) | 总磷(P)含量 Total phosphorus (P) concentration (mg·g-1) | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | 41.59 ± 0.22a | 3.83 ± 0.24b | 0.59 ± 0.01b | 109.03 ± 7.31a | 709.46 ± 5.57a | 6.53 ± 0.44b |
L1 | 38.75 ± 0.02b | 11.05 ± 0.12a | 1.11 ± 0.01a | 35.08 ± 0.38b | 349.58 ± 1.59b | 9.97 ± 0.09a |
Table 1 Initial quality of the two litter of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD)
残体类型 Litter type | 总碳(C)含量 Total carbon (C) concentration (mg·g-1) | 总氮(N)含量 Total nitrogen (N) concentration (mg·g-1) | 总磷(P)含量 Total phosphorus (P) concentration (mg·g-1) | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | 41.59 ± 0.22a | 3.83 ± 0.24b | 0.59 ± 0.01b | 109.03 ± 7.31a | 709.46 ± 5.57a | 6.53 ± 0.44b |
L1 | 38.75 ± 0.02b | 11.05 ± 0.12a | 1.11 ± 0.01a | 35.08 ± 0.38b | 349.58 ± 1.59b | 9.97 ± 0.09a |
Fig. 1 Variations of environmental factors in topsoil in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary during decomposition (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat (n = 30); M1, Spartina alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years (n = 27); M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years (n = 30). Different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among decomposition environments at 0.05 level.
Fig. 2 Variations of dry mass remaining of litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).
残体类型 Litter type | 分解环境 Decomposition environment | 回归方程 Regression equation | 分解速率 Decomposition rate (d-1) | R2 | p | t0.95 (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | M7 | y = -0.00673t + 0.09225 | 0.006 73 | 0.963 05 | <0.01 | 1.26 |
M1 | y = -0.00868t + 0.01048 | 0.008 68 | 0.989 24 | <0.01 | 0.95 | |
BF | y = -0.00693t - 0.00377 | 0.006 93 | 0.967 82 | <0.01 | 1.18 | |
L1 | M7 | y = -0.01065t + 0.04498 | 0.010 65 | 0.982 85 | <0.01 | 0.78 |
M1 | y = -0.01711t + 0.03173 | 0.017 11 | 0.931 51 | <0.01 | 0.48 | |
BF | y = -0.00628t - 0.12914 | 0.006 28 | 0.933 01 | <0.01 | 1.25 |
Table 2 Linear equations and parameters between the natural logarithm (y) of remaining mass of Spartina alterniflora and decomposition days (t) in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary
残体类型 Litter type | 分解环境 Decomposition environment | 回归方程 Regression equation | 分解速率 Decomposition rate (d-1) | R2 | p | t0.95 (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | M7 | y = -0.00673t + 0.09225 | 0.006 73 | 0.963 05 | <0.01 | 1.26 |
M1 | y = -0.00868t + 0.01048 | 0.008 68 | 0.989 24 | <0.01 | 0.95 | |
BF | y = -0.00693t - 0.00377 | 0.006 93 | 0.967 82 | <0.01 | 1.18 | |
L1 | M7 | y = -0.01065t + 0.04498 | 0.010 65 | 0.982 85 | <0.01 | 0.78 |
M1 | y = -0.01711t + 0.03173 | 0.017 11 | 0.931 51 | <0.01 | 0.48 | |
BF | y = -0.00628t - 0.12914 | 0.006 28 | 0.933 01 | <0.01 | 1.25 |
残体类型 Litter type | 变异来源 Source of variation | 残留率 Percent of dry mass remaining | 总磷(P)含量 Total phosphorus (P) concentration | 磷累积指数 PAI | C:N | C:P | N:P | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | ||
L7 | 分解时间 Decomposition time | 355.334 | <0.001 | 6.259 | 0.006 | 87.581 | <0.001 | 22.134 | <0.001 | 3.929 | 0.032 | 4.948 | 0.025 |
分解环境 Decomposition environment | 28.434 | 0.001 | 0.775 | 0.502 | 8.270 | 0.019 | 3.500 | 0.098 | 0.060 | 0.942 | 0.603 | 0.577 | |
分解时间×分解环境 Decomposition time × decomposition environment | 4.653 | 0.007 | 2.075 | 0.117 | 3.120 | 0.023 | 1.464 | 0.250 | 2.526 | 0.070 | 3.152 | 0.052 | |
L1 | 分解时间 Decomposition time | 363.536 | <0.001 | 5.102 | 0.044 | 56.996 | <0.001 | 14.213 | <0.001 | 5.034 | 0.024 | 5.516 | 0.042 |
分解环境 Decomposition environment | 99.164 | <0.001 | 14.121 | 0.005 | 0.848 | 0.474 | 84.374 | <0.001 | 30.333 | 0.001 | 1.994 | 0.217 | |
分解时间×分解环境 Decomposition time × decomposition environment | 3.295 | 0.041 | 2.532 | 0.130 | 3.034 | 0.111 | 6.656 | 0.001 | 3.301 | 0.045 | 1.464 | 0.295 |
Table 3 Repeated measurements analysis of variance for the key parameters of the two litter of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary
残体类型 Litter type | 变异来源 Source of variation | 残留率 Percent of dry mass remaining | 总磷(P)含量 Total phosphorus (P) concentration | 磷累积指数 PAI | C:N | C:P | N:P | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | ||
L7 | 分解时间 Decomposition time | 355.334 | <0.001 | 6.259 | 0.006 | 87.581 | <0.001 | 22.134 | <0.001 | 3.929 | 0.032 | 4.948 | 0.025 |
分解环境 Decomposition environment | 28.434 | 0.001 | 0.775 | 0.502 | 8.270 | 0.019 | 3.500 | 0.098 | 0.060 | 0.942 | 0.603 | 0.577 | |
分解时间×分解环境 Decomposition time × decomposition environment | 4.653 | 0.007 | 2.075 | 0.117 | 3.120 | 0.023 | 1.464 | 0.250 | 2.526 | 0.070 | 3.152 | 0.052 | |
L1 | 分解时间 Decomposition time | 363.536 | <0.001 | 5.102 | 0.044 | 56.996 | <0.001 | 14.213 | <0.001 | 5.034 | 0.024 | 5.516 | 0.042 |
分解环境 Decomposition environment | 99.164 | <0.001 | 14.121 | 0.005 | 0.848 | 0.474 | 84.374 | <0.001 | 30.333 | 0.001 | 1.994 | 0.217 | |
分解时间×分解环境 Decomposition time × decomposition environment | 3.295 | 0.041 | 2.532 | 0.130 | 3.034 | 0.111 | 6.656 | 0.001 | 3.301 | 0.045 | 1.464 | 0.295 |
Fig. 3 Variations of total phosphorus (TP) concentration in litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).
Fig. 4 Variations of C:N, C:P and N:P ratios in litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD); C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus. BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).
Fig. 5 Variations of accumulation indices for phosphorus (PAI) in litter of Spartina alterniflora in different decomposition environments in Minjiang estuary (mean ± SD). BF, bare flat; L1, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for one year; L7, litter of S. alterniflora after seaward invasion for seven years; M1, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for one years; M7, S. alterniflora marsh after seaward invasion for seven years. Different uppercase letters indicated significant difference for the same litter among different decomposition environments (p < 0.05); different lowercase letters indicated significant difference among litter in same decomposition environment (p < 0.05).
残体类型 Litter type | 分解环境 Decomposition environment | 参数 Parameter | 残留率 Mass remaining | 含水量 Moisture | pH | EC | 温度 Temperature | 地表空气湿度 Surface air humidity | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | M7 (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | -0.296 | 0.802** | -0.069 | -0.192 | 0.346 | 0.884** | -0.022 | -0.864** |
TP | 0.135 | -0.132 | 0.125 | 0.231 | -0.602** | -0.006 | 0.041 | -0.959** | -0.517** | ||
PAI | 0.897** | -0.272 | 0.706** | 0.307 | -0.312 | 0.374* | 0.756** | -0.407** | -0.920** | ||
M1 (n = 27) | Mr | 1 | -0.349 | 0.371 | -0.121 | -0.756** | 0.054 | 0.734** | 0.331 | -0.085 | |
TP | -0.393 | -0.226 | -0.162 | -0.026 | 0.379 | 0.277 | -0.571* | -0.898** | -0.637** | ||
PAI | 0.736** | -0.549* | 0.218 | -0.191 | -0.495* | 0.229 | 0.376 | -0.332 | -0.602** | ||
BF (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | -0.510** | -0.249 | -0.083 | -0.351 | 0.174 | 0.881** | 0.242 | -0.383* | |
TP | -0.476** | -0.134 | -0.257 | 0.182 | -0.270 | 0.008 | -0.718** | -0.815** | -0.286 | ||
PAI | 0.807** | -0.566** | -0.442** | -0.807 | -0.400** | 0.377** | 0.487** | -0.238 | -0.576** | ||
合计 Total (n = 87) | Mr | 1 | -0.363** | 0.353** | -0.100 | -0.388** | 0.199 | 0.838** | 0.117 | -0.390** | |
TP | -0.250* | -0.202 | -0.001 | 0.144 | -0.238* | 0.057 | -0.459** | -0.796** | -0.484** | ||
PAI | 0.823** | -0.419** | 0.264* | -0.082 | -0.393** | 0.317** | 0.550** | -0.317** | -0.608** | ||
L1 | M7 (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | 0.002 | 0.561** | -0.012 | -0.238 | 0.306 | 0.652** | -0.114 | -0.770** |
TP | 0.328 | -0.270 | -0.064 | -0.024 | -0.066 | 0.614** | -0.360 | -0.909** | -0.703** | ||
PAI | 0.896** | -0.039 | 0.393* | 0.073 | -0.230 | 0.516** | 0.329 | -0.462** | -0.857** | ||
M1 (n = 24) | Mr | 1 | -0.126 | 0.369 | 0.093 | -0.876** | 0.118 | 0.607** | -0.066 | 0.450** | |
TP | 0.266 | 0.522* | 0.126 | -0.061 | -0.288 | 0.332 | 0.316 | -0.804** | -0.796** | ||
PAI | 0.825** | 0.184 | 0.287 | 0.065 | -0.735** | 0.261 | 0.528** | -0.523* | -0.737** | ||
BF (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | -0.295 | 0.123 | 0.093 | -0.334 | 0.140 | -0.171 | -0.326 | -0.514** | |
TP | 0.407* | -0.469** | -0.246 | 0.496** | -0.474** | 0.157 | -0.822** | -0.884** | -0.776** | ||
PAI | 0.857** | -0.445* | -0.106 | 0.292 | -0.407* | 0.241 | -0.498** | -0.615** | -0.697** | ||
合计 Total (n = 84) | Mr | 1 | -0.091 | 0.361** | 0.071 | -0.460** | 0.192 | 0.299** | -0.111 | -0.553** | |
TP | 0.245* | 0.077 | 0.156 | 0.084 | -0.175 | 0.310** | -0.373** | -0.831** | -0.629** | ||
PAI | 0.838** | -0.016 | 0.147 | 0.140 | -0.422** | 0.334** | 0.022 | -0.504** | -0.720** |
Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficients between remaining litter mass (Mr), total phosphorus (TP) concentration, accumulation indices for phosphorus (PAI) and key variables in different decomposition environments of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary
残体类型 Litter type | 分解环境 Decomposition environment | 参数 Parameter | 残留率 Mass remaining | 含水量 Moisture | pH | EC | 温度 Temperature | 地表空气湿度 Surface air humidity | C:N | C:P | N:P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | M7 (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | -0.296 | 0.802** | -0.069 | -0.192 | 0.346 | 0.884** | -0.022 | -0.864** |
TP | 0.135 | -0.132 | 0.125 | 0.231 | -0.602** | -0.006 | 0.041 | -0.959** | -0.517** | ||
PAI | 0.897** | -0.272 | 0.706** | 0.307 | -0.312 | 0.374* | 0.756** | -0.407** | -0.920** | ||
M1 (n = 27) | Mr | 1 | -0.349 | 0.371 | -0.121 | -0.756** | 0.054 | 0.734** | 0.331 | -0.085 | |
TP | -0.393 | -0.226 | -0.162 | -0.026 | 0.379 | 0.277 | -0.571* | -0.898** | -0.637** | ||
PAI | 0.736** | -0.549* | 0.218 | -0.191 | -0.495* | 0.229 | 0.376 | -0.332 | -0.602** | ||
BF (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | -0.510** | -0.249 | -0.083 | -0.351 | 0.174 | 0.881** | 0.242 | -0.383* | |
TP | -0.476** | -0.134 | -0.257 | 0.182 | -0.270 | 0.008 | -0.718** | -0.815** | -0.286 | ||
PAI | 0.807** | -0.566** | -0.442** | -0.807 | -0.400** | 0.377** | 0.487** | -0.238 | -0.576** | ||
合计 Total (n = 87) | Mr | 1 | -0.363** | 0.353** | -0.100 | -0.388** | 0.199 | 0.838** | 0.117 | -0.390** | |
TP | -0.250* | -0.202 | -0.001 | 0.144 | -0.238* | 0.057 | -0.459** | -0.796** | -0.484** | ||
PAI | 0.823** | -0.419** | 0.264* | -0.082 | -0.393** | 0.317** | 0.550** | -0.317** | -0.608** | ||
L1 | M7 (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | 0.002 | 0.561** | -0.012 | -0.238 | 0.306 | 0.652** | -0.114 | -0.770** |
TP | 0.328 | -0.270 | -0.064 | -0.024 | -0.066 | 0.614** | -0.360 | -0.909** | -0.703** | ||
PAI | 0.896** | -0.039 | 0.393* | 0.073 | -0.230 | 0.516** | 0.329 | -0.462** | -0.857** | ||
M1 (n = 24) | Mr | 1 | -0.126 | 0.369 | 0.093 | -0.876** | 0.118 | 0.607** | -0.066 | 0.450** | |
TP | 0.266 | 0.522* | 0.126 | -0.061 | -0.288 | 0.332 | 0.316 | -0.804** | -0.796** | ||
PAI | 0.825** | 0.184 | 0.287 | 0.065 | -0.735** | 0.261 | 0.528** | -0.523* | -0.737** | ||
BF (n = 30) | Mr | 1 | -0.295 | 0.123 | 0.093 | -0.334 | 0.140 | -0.171 | -0.326 | -0.514** | |
TP | 0.407* | -0.469** | -0.246 | 0.496** | -0.474** | 0.157 | -0.822** | -0.884** | -0.776** | ||
PAI | 0.857** | -0.445* | -0.106 | 0.292 | -0.407* | 0.241 | -0.498** | -0.615** | -0.697** | ||
合计 Total (n = 84) | Mr | 1 | -0.091 | 0.361** | 0.071 | -0.460** | 0.192 | 0.299** | -0.111 | -0.553** | |
TP | 0.245* | 0.077 | 0.156 | 0.084 | -0.175 | 0.310** | -0.373** | -0.831** | -0.629** | ||
PAI | 0.838** | -0.016 | 0.147 | 0.140 | -0.422** | 0.334** | 0.022 | -0.504** | -0.720** |
残体类型 Litter type | 参数 Parameter | 线性回归方程 Linear equation | R2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | Mr | y = -38.544 - 0.773x5 + 0.658x6 + 0.679x7 | 0.755 | <0.01 |
TP | y = 0.219 + 0.049x3 - 0.007x5 + 0.003x6 + 0.001x8 + 0.015x9 | 0.820 | <0.01 | |
PAI | y = -57.959 + 0.921x1 - 0.319x5 + 0.479x6 + 0.298x7 - 0.052x8 + 3.411x9 | 0.924 | <0.01 | |
L1 | Mr | y = 234.963 - 1.515x5 - 2.762x7 + 0.189x8 - 10.154x9 | 0.504 | <0.01 |
TP | y = 0.625 + 0.005x2 + 0.005x6 + 0.005x7 - 0.001x8 | 0.785 | <0.01 | |
PAI | y = -18.466 + 0.746x1 + 0.364x2 + 0.425x6 - 0.049x8 | 0.900 | <0.01 |
Table 5 Regression equations between remaining litter mass (Mr), total phosphorus (TP) concentration, accumulation indices for phosphorus (PAI) and key factors in different decomposition environments of Spartina alterniflora in Minjiang estuary
残体类型 Litter type | 参数 Parameter | 线性回归方程 Linear equation | R2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
L7 | Mr | y = -38.544 - 0.773x5 + 0.658x6 + 0.679x7 | 0.755 | <0.01 |
TP | y = 0.219 + 0.049x3 - 0.007x5 + 0.003x6 + 0.001x8 + 0.015x9 | 0.820 | <0.01 | |
PAI | y = -57.959 + 0.921x1 - 0.319x5 + 0.479x6 + 0.298x7 - 0.052x8 + 3.411x9 | 0.924 | <0.01 | |
L1 | Mr | y = 234.963 - 1.515x5 - 2.762x7 + 0.189x8 - 10.154x9 | 0.504 | <0.01 |
TP | y = 0.625 + 0.005x2 + 0.005x6 + 0.005x7 - 0.001x8 | 0.785 | <0.01 | |
PAI | y = -18.466 + 0.746x1 + 0.364x2 + 0.425x6 - 0.049x8 | 0.900 | <0.01 |
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