Changes of fine root functional traits and rhizosphere bacterial community of Betula platyphylla after fire

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0351

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in plant nutrient acquisition and carbon and nitrogen cycling, and plant fine roots (including absorptive roots and transport roots) are closely related to rhizosphere microbial communities. Elucidating the relationship between changes in fine root traits of pioneer tree species and rhizosphere microbial communities during post-fire forest restoration can provide theoretical support for post-fire vegetation restoration management based on fine roots and rhizosphere microbial dynamics.
Methods The pioneer tree species Betula platyphylla was used as the research object in the 30-year time series of the burned area of Da Hinggan Mountains. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the relationship between rhizosphere bacterial community structure and soil properties and fine root traits of B. platyphylla during post-fire recovery.
Important findings The results showed that post-fire recovery time significantly affected soil pH, absorptive root traits, and rhizosphere bacterial α diversity. With increasing time after fire, soil pH tended to increase, then decrease, and then increase again. The specific root length and specific root area of absorptive roots showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Nine years after the fire was the turning point when the rhizosphere bacterial α diversity of B. platyphylla gradually recovered. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota were the main dominant phyla in the rhizosphere bacterial community at different post-fire recovery times, and Bradyrhizobium was the main dominant genus. Dominant genera such as Roseiarcus, Acidipila and Mycobacterium were significantly different at different post-fire recovery times. The α diversity of rhizosphere bacteria was mainly affected by soil pH and specific root length of absorptive roots, and the change of bacterial community structure was affected by carbon and nitrogen contents of fine roots and phosphorus content of transport roots. In conclusion, the interaction between fine roots, soil, and microorganisms jointly affects the community structure and diversity of B. platyphylla rhizosphere bacteria, thereby shaping the rhizosphere environment and promoting ecosystem recovery after fire.

Key words: time since fire, pioneer tree species, rhizosphere, fine root traits, bacterial community

CAI Hui-Ying, LIANG Ya-Tao, LOU Hu, YANG Guang, SUN Long. Changes of fine root functional traits and rhizosphere bacterial community of Betula platyphylla after fire[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(7): 828-843.

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Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Location of restoration after fire study area and plots distribution map in Da Hinggan Mountains.

Fig. 2 Variation of root traits of Betula platyphylla with the time since fire (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in absorptive root traits between different years since fire (p < 0.05); different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in transport root traits between different years since fire (p < 0.05). The asterisk indicates that there is a significant difference between absorptive roots and transport roots (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01). 1, 4, 9, 17, 30, Un represents fire after 1, 4, 9, 17, 30 years and unburned, respectively. C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus.

Table 1 Variation trend of rhizosphere soil properties of Betula platyphylla with recovery time after fire (mean ± SD)

土壤性质 Soil property	火后恢复时间 Time since fire (a)					未火烧样地 Unburned
土壤性质 Soil property	1	4	9	17	30	未火烧样地 Unburned
土壤pH Soil pH	4.02 ± 0.11^c	4.58 ± 0.36^b	3.77 ± 0.06^c	3.91 ± 0.35^c	4.66 ± 0.11^b	5.71 ± 0.32^a
土壤有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg^-1)	35.30 ± 10.70^a	41.10 ± 7.87^a	57.50 ± 13.90^a	55.80 ± 19.90^a	48.50 ± 19.20^a	47.90 ± 18.80^a
有效磷含量 AP content (mg·kg^-1)	11.30 ± 3.50^c	51.70 ± 23.70^a	10.80 ± 2.66^c	7.21 ± 1.91^c	17.00 ± 11.80^bc	29.60 ± 10.90^b
铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	10.90 ± 5.85^a	3.63 ± 1.88^b	5.81 ± 3.41^b	3.34 ± 1.44^b	1.79 ± 0.60^b	3.16 ± 1.60^b
硝态氮含量 NO^-₃-N content (mg·kg^-1)	0.55 ± 0.04^b	0.37 ± 0.09^d	0.40 ± 0.05^cd	0.56 ± 0.14^ab	0.68 ± 0.09^a	0.51 ± 0.06^bc

Fig. 3 α-diversity of rhizosphere bacterial community of Betula platyphylla in different years since fire (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the time since fire (p < 0.05). Un, unburned plot.

Fig. 4 Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) at Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) level of rhizosphere bacteria of Betula platyphylla in different years since fire. Permutation multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA) was used to test the significance of the difference. Un, unburned plot.

Table 2 PerMANOVA analysis based on weighted Unifrac distance was used to test the difference between groups

火后恢复时间 Time since fire (a)	R²	p
1 vs 4	0.38	0.013^*
1 vs 9	0.31	0.012^*
1 vs 17	0.52	0.008^**
1 vs 30	0.48	0.008^**
1 vs Un	0.61	0.010^**
4 vs 9	0.39	0.010^**
4 vs 17	0.19	0.074
4 vs 30	0.18	0.131
4 vs Un	0.46	0.008^**
9 vs 17	0.53	0.014^*
9 vs 30	0.53	0.006^**
9 vs Un	0.64	0.009^**
17 vs 30	0.21	0.008^**
17 vs Un	0.56	0.008^*
30 vs Un	0.35	0.007^**

Fig. 5 Community composition of the top 10 phylum levels (A) and the top 10 genus levels (B) of rhizosphere bacterial abundance of Betula platyphylla at different years since fire (mean ± SD). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences in different years since fire. In B, bacteria genera labeled as unknown groups such as norank and unclassified were not shown. Un, unburned plot.

Fig. 6 Analysis of species differences in rhizosphere bacteria LEfSe (LDA Effect Size) at different years since fire. The different colors in the phylogenetic tree represent different years since fire. Un, unburned plot.

Fig. 7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship among soil properties, fine root traits and rhizosphere bacterial phylum level (A) and genus level (B) of Betula platyphylla. The black arrows are species variables, the red arrows are environment variables. aRCC, absorptive root carbon content; aRNC, absorptive root nitrogen content; aRTD, absorptive root tissue density; pH, soil pH; NH4+-N, soil ammonium nitrogen content; SOC, soil organic carbon content; tRCC, transport root carbon content; tRNC, transport root nitrogen content; tRPC, transport root phosphorus content; tRTD, transport root tissue density.

Fig. 8 Structural equation model of root traits, soil properties, time since fire and rhizosphere bacterial α diversity. Blue and red indicated positive correlation and negative correlation, respectively, and the black dotted line indicated no significant correlation. The data on lines are standardized path coefficients (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001). The R2 value represents the proportion of variance explained by each variable. aSRL, absorptive specific root length; aRPC, absorptive root phosphorus content; NH4+-N, soil ammonium nitrogen content; pH, soil pH; tRNC, transport root nitrogen content; tRPC, transport root phosphorus content. Chao1, Chao1 richness index; E, Pielou’s evenness index; H', Shannon-Wiener diversity index; PD, phylogenetic diversity index.

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